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Biomedical subjects

B McGuire

Publications and source records attributed to B McGuire.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Safety profile and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of hepatitis A.

To determine the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, 56 healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to receive an intramuscular injection of 6.3, 12.5 or 25 ng of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine or placebo at 0, 2 or 4, and 24 weeks. Adverse reactions occurred with similar frequency in vaccine and placebo recipients and consisted primarily of pain or tenderness at the injection site. By 4 weeks after a single 6.3, 12.5 or 25 ng injection, seven, nine and ten out of ten vaccinees, respectively, had antibody detectable by a HAV AB assay modified to increase its sensitivity tenfold. All vaccinees had antibodies detectable by this assay within 2 weeks of their second inoculation. Geometric mean antibody levels increased with higher doses of vaccine (p = 0.05). Neutralizing antibody was detected within 4 weeks of a single inoculation in all vaccinees. Neutralizing antibody was detected after the third inoculation at dilutions of greater than or equal to 1:2048 in all 12.5 and 25 ng vaccinees. All 19 vaccinees tested at 24 months still had HAV antibodies detectable by a modified HAV AB assay. This inactivated hepatitis A vaccine appears to be well tolerated and immunogenic at doses of 6.3-25 ng. The choice of dose and vaccination schedule may depend on the rapidity with which seroconversion is desired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effects of mate removal on pregnancy success in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).

The effects of removing the stud male have not been controlled in many studies relating pregnancy block to the presence of an unfamiliar male. We examined the effects of removing the male on pregnancy success in prairie voles and meadow voles, two species that differ in degree of paternal investment. Whereas prairie vole males provide extensive care to offspring and accelerate pup development, meadow vole males display little or no care and delay development of pups. We predicted that removal of the stud male would decrease pregnancy success in prairie voles and either have no effect or increase success in meadow voles. In experiment 1, females were in male-induced estrus, and their mates were either left with them or were removed 4 h, 1 day, 2 days, or 8 days after mating. In experiment 2, females were in postpartum estrus, and their mates were either left with them or were removed 1 day, 2 days, or 8 days after birth of their first litter. Removal of the male soon after mating in postpartum estrus decreased pregnancy success in prairie voles and increased success in meadow voles. Thus, although removal of the stud male influenced litter production, the direction of the effect varied with species.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

c-kit receptor and ligand expression in postnatal development of the mouse cerebellum suggests a function for c-kit in inhibitory interneurons.

The c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand, KL, are encoded at the white spotting locus (W) and the steel locus (Sl) of the mouse, respectively. Sl and W mutations affect the same cellular targets in melanogenesis, gametogenesis and hematopoiesis during embryonic development and in adult life. c-kit is expressed in cellular targets of W and Sl mutations, whereas KL is expressed in the microenvironment of these targets. c-kit and KL, however, are also expressed in tissues and cell types that are not targets of W and Sl mutations, including the brain. The cerebellum contains a small number of neural cell types whose developmental origins, pathways of migration, and synaptic contacts are known. We have investigated the patterns of expression of the c-kit and KL RNA and protein products in postnatal cerebellar development of the mouse. In the adult cerebellum, c-kit RNA and protein expression was evident in basket, stellate, and Golgi neurons. Most strikingly, the c-kit protein is expressed in the basket cell axons that form "basket" and "pinceau" structures entwining the Purkinje cell soma and the initial segment of the Purkinje cell axon. KL RNA expression was found in Purkinje cells, and the KL protein was detected in Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites. Soluble KL protein was also present in c-kit-expressing basket, stellate, and Golgi cells, presumably as a result of internalization of ligand-receptor complexes. During postnatal development, c-kit and KL RNA and protein expression in Golgi and Purkinje neurons, respectively, was evident by day 0 and persisted subsequently. c-kit expression in basket and stellate cells was detected from their time of birth, starting at day 4. These results suggest a role for the c-kit receptor system in postnatal development of the cerebellum.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

The effects of cross-fostering on the development of social preferences in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).

To determine the role of the parental environment in the formation of species attachments in the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), young of this species were fostered to either meadow vole parents (in-fostered young) or to prairie vole parents (M. ochrogaster; cross-fostered young). At 50 to 60 days of age, subjects were tested for social preference in an environment that simulated the conditions of a runway system. The testing design assessed the reaction of fostered animals to a novel species (M. pinetorum) as well as to the parental and biological species. The proportion of total test time spent near stimulus animals did not vary as a function of rearing condition. However, when compared to in-fostered controls, cross-fostered meadow voles displayed increased preference for prairie voles. Novelty did not appear to be a significant factor in test animal choice. These results suggest that in meadow voles, preference for the species of social partner is dependent on postnatal experience with parents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alaska's children's code.

Enactment of alaska's new Children's Code was achieved only after years of struggle involving many professional and public forces. The code is considered a breakthrough in legislation for children.

Alaska↗