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Biomedical subjects

B McLean

Publications and source records attributed to B McLean.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Efficiency of the use of pock size on the chorioallantoic membrane of fertile hen's eggs as a method of typing herpes simplex viruses.

One hundred and eighteen herpes simplex virus isolates were typed in a diagnostic virology laboratory using their standard procedure by pock size on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of fertile hen's eggs. Forty-three were typed as type 1 and 75 as type 2. The isolates were then sent to a research laboratory in which they were typed blind, with or without subsequent passage in tissue culture, by neutralization with type-specific antisera. Discrepant results were found with only two isolates. The isolates were then typed by the more time-consuming but unambiguous method of restriction endonuclease analysis of their DNAs. Typing by this method confirmed the typing by neutralization and established that typing by pock size on CAMs was correct in about 98% of cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses in Melbourne, Australia, from 1973 to 1979, as determined by electrophoresis of genome ribonucleic acid.

Rotaviruses contain a double-stranded ribonucleic acid genome consisting of 11 segments. Gel electrophoresis separates genome segments and allows identification of strain differences. This electrophoretic typing technique was applied to rotavirus specimens from 116 children and 72 newborn babies. Between 1973 and 1979, 17 different electropherotypes of rotavirus were observed in children with acute gastroenteritis. These electropherotypes showed a sequential pattern of appearance, with a limited number of electropherotypes present at any given time. By contrast, only two electropherotypes were identified from isolates from newborn babies in seven hospitals during 1975 to 1979. These two electropherotypes were very similar and were never identified in children with acute gastroenteritis. One of the neonatal electropherotypes was found in the nurseries of five different hospitals and persisted in one hospital for 4 years. Electrophoretic typing techniques can be applied routinely and reproducibly to small samples of feces and could prove to be of value in epidemiological studies of rotavirus infection

Australia↗
PubMed1980

Measurement of immunoglobulin A, G, and M class rotavirus antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions.

A solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunospecific assay for measurement of different immunoglobulin classes of human rotavirus antibodies is described. The antigen, which was adsorbed directly to polyvinyl microtiter plates, consisted of a clarified cell culture stock of the simian rotavirus SA 11. The assay was sensitive and reproducible and could readily be calibrated to determine concentrations of each class of antibody. The assay was applied to measurements of rotavirus antibodies in serum, colostrum, milk, and fecal samples. It particularly facilitates investigations of the role of immunoglobulin A antibodies in immunity to rotavirus infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Transfer of antirotaviral antibodies from mothers to their infants.

Levels of rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, IgM, and secretory immunoglobulin in maternal and cord serum, colostrum and milk, and infants' stools were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 92 mothers and their infants. Although antirotaviral IgG, IgA, and secretory immunoglobulin were present in most maternal sera, only IgG crossed the placenta. All samples of colostrum and milk tested contained antirotaviral secretory immunoglobulin and IgA except those of two women in whom IgA deficiency was subsequently described. Specific IgM and IgG were also detected in many colostral samples. Antirotaviral IgA was detected in many colostral samples. Antirotaviral IgA was detected in stools of breast-fed but not bottle-fed neonates. Apparently the human infant receives rotaviral antibodies both transplacentally and via maternal colostrum and milk.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Cytologic observations on axotomized feline Betz cells. II. Quantitative ultrastructural findings.

Quantitative electron microscopic examination was made of Betz cells of two unoperated cats as well as cats subjected to left lateral funiculotomy 5, 10, 28 and 49 days before sacrifice. The percent cytoplasmic composition of chromatolyzed, right-sided Betz cells contributed by cisternal elements of RER, Golgi apparatus and dense bodies and the percent perikaryal membrane apposed by subsurface cisterns were unchanged from the normal despite marked qualitative alterations of the cytoplasm. However, 49 days postoperatively mitochondrial numerical density of axotomized, right-sided Betz cells was significantly less than at 0, 10 and 28 days post funiculotomy. Importantly, normal-appearing Betz cells ipsilateral to corticospinal tract section showed an increase in mitochondrial numerical density 5 days postoperatively. Operation did not induce change in the % perikaryal coverage by axosomatic boutons. Retraction of axosomatic boutons, though often reported for other neuronal populations undergoing axon reaction, is not a necessary feature of the axon reaction of feline Betz cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative freeze-fracture studies of membrane changes in chicken muscular dystrophy.

Muscular dystrophy induces extensive changes in the patterning of sarcolemmal caveolae of fast-twitch fibers from the chicken posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle, which in healthy fibers are arranged in striking bands over the myofibrillar I-bands. In dystrophic fibers the caveolae lack this patterned arrangement, and instead are dispersed over the entire sarcolemma, are irregular in shape, and are more numerous in older birds. Quantitative analysis of these differences provides three independent numerical indices of the dystrophic state and suggests that constraints responsible for normal patterning are lost in diseased fibers. These observations support theories that defects of the muscle plasma membrane are important for dystrophic pathogenesis. In contrast, the sarcolemma of slow tonic fibers from anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and metapatagialis latissimus dorsi (MLD) muscles have randomly dispersed caveolae whose appearance and distribution are unaffected by the disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hypercholesterolemia on aortic endothelium studied en face.

The aortic endothelium of rabbits fed a stock diet containing 1 or 2% cholesterol for intervals of 1 day to 21 weeks was compared with that of normal rabbits on a stock diet without cholesterol. The endothelium was examined en face using the Häutchen technique. The aortic endothelium of the experimental animals revealed an increase in stigmata and stomata, multinucleated giant cells and leukocytes particularly about sites of branching. These changes were also observed in the endothelium overlying lipid deposits but in addition, there was an increase in mitoses, an alteration in the orientation of endothelial cells and their nuclei, and a change in their argyrophilic staining properties. Closely related to the endothelium was an increasing number of foam cells which appeared to be derived from monocytic leukocytes.

Animals↗