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Biomedical subjects

B Modan

Publications and source records attributed to B Modan.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms after childhood irradiation for tinea capitis.

The incidence of all thyroid surgery was studied among 10,842 persons whose thyroid glands had been exposed in childhood to an average dose of 9 rads of X-radiation during treatment for tinea capitis and among 2 matched control groups. A statistically significant increased risk for both benign and malignant neoplasms was found in the exposed group. The excess risk was 8.3 cases/year/rad/million population. There were no differences in other surgical conditions between the irradiated and nonirradiated groups. Persons irradiated under age 6 years had the highest excess risk for developing carcinomas. The incidence of thyroid neoplasms was approximately threefold higher in women than in men among the irradiated persons and among the controls, but the relative risk for the irradiated group of women was greater than the addition of the relative risks of the other groups. Low-dose radiation is instrumental in the development of both benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Patterns of gastrointestinal neoplasms in Israel.

Review of the incidence of gastrointestinal neoplasms in Israel reveals that gastric and colorectal cancers present a major problem in the country. Diet has been postulated as a possible etiologic factor on the basis of a) an indirect correlation between disease incidence and the consumption of various food constituents, b) animal experimentation, and c) case-control dietary studies. Studies conducted in Israel point to high starch consumption as a risk factor in gastric cancer and low fiber intake as a risk factor in colon cancer. Mechanisms by which fiber may exert its protective effect include shortening of intestinal transit time, bulkier stool, lowered absorption of potential carcinogens, reduction of the conversion of bile salts to potentially carcinogenic sterols, interference with the cholesterol pool and a lower ratio of anaerobic:aerobic bacteria in the intestinal flora. The potential effect of excessive starch consumption is unclear, although it may facilitate the formation of nitrosamines.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients.

Overweight patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were followed up biweekly for six months: 24 not receiving antihypertensive-drug therapy (Group I) and 83 on regular but inadequate (despite drug manipulation) antihypertensive-drug therapy (Group II). All patients in Group I and 57 randomly selected patients from group II (IIa) participated in a weight-reduction program. The remaining 26 from Group II (IIb) did not receive a dietary program. Salt intake was in the normal range in all three groups. All patients on the dietary program lost at least 3 kg (mean, 10.5 kg), and all but two showed a meaningful reduction in blood pressure; 75 per cent of Group I and 61 per cent of Group IIa returned to normal blood pressure. The weight and blood-pressure reductions were highly significant (P less than 0.001), were present in both sexes and all ages, and were directly associated. In Group IIb, no significant change in blood pressure or weight occurred (P greater than 0.30).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in Jewish women: a distinct epidemiological entity.

During an 11-year period, 532 Jewish women with invasive cancer of the uterine cervix were diagnosed in Israel. Of these, 441 (82.9%) had squamous cell carcinoma (SUC) and 52 (9.8%) had adenocarcinoma (AUC). Different characteristics were noted for these two histological categories with regard to age, ethnic distribution, and chronological time trends. The ratio between AUC and SUC differed considerably between the various ethnic groups, ranging from about 1:6 in the Asian and European born to less than 1:14 in the North African. This indicates that the relatively higher incidence of AUC in Israeli Jewish women is limited to those ethnic groups that have a low risk for cervical cancer. The different patterns of SUC and AUC in the population support the contention of a varying etiology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Attitudes toward mental disease in a sample of Israeli urban residents.

A random sample of 463 residents of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan area in the 30 to 59 age group were interviewed in order to evaluate their attitude toward mental health. The image of mental disease among the respondents was vague and a general rejection of the ex-mental patient was observed. This is in contrast with findings of several similar studies conducted previously in the U.S.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Neurological complications in patients with malignant tumors of the nasopharynx.

Of 150 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed in Israel during a 9-year period (nationwide study 1960--1968), 74 patients developed neurological complications. In 92% of the cases, neurologic deficits were confined exclusively to cranial nerves. The majority of these patients presented general symptoms of disease such as neck masses, head and facial pain, or nasal and aural disorders. In 23 patients (34%), the initial presentation was of neurologic disability. The most frequently affected nerves were the abducens and the trigeminal. In the fully developed clinical picture, ocular and trigeminal lesions predominated. 5-year survival in patients with cranial nerve involvement was 21% as compared to 55% in those without such lesions. Survival was not influenced by delayed diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Sexual knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Israeli adolescents.

A study of 4,976 high-school students in Israel, representative of this age group for the entire country except for 13 percent who attend religious schools, revealed that about one-third of the boys aged 14-15 and almost one-half of those in the 16-17 age category have had sexual intercourse. The respective figures for girls are 6 percent and 16 percent. Age at onset of sexual activity was found to be higher and the level of knowledge about the same as in reports from the Western world. Students of Oriental origin, as well as those considering themselves religious or traditional tended to be less active sexually, more conservative in their attitudes, and less knowledgeable. In contrast, students of both sexes residing in kibbutzim were found to be more active sexually and more knowledgeable. A double standard for girls was accepted, especially among the female respondents, except in the kibbutzim. A subgroup of girls highly sexually active, in contrast to their own attitudes, has been identified, and possible reasons for this discordance discussed. As sexual activity among teenagers is becoming more prevalent, comprehensive and early sex education school programs should be encouraged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Population distribution of histological types of lung cancer: epidemiologic aspects in Israel and review of the literature.

A nationwide study of lung cancer in Israel during 1968-70 demonstrated a low to moderate incidence in men and a high incidence in women, as compared with other countries. The sex ratio was relatively lower than expected. This discrepancy results from a low rate of squamous cell carcinoma in men and a high rate of adenocarcinoma in women, and is consistent with similar, previously observed trends in North American Jews from New York, Pittsburgh and Montreal. The literature relating to the relative frequencies of various histological subcategories of lung cancer is reviewed and the importance, for etiology and prognosis, of a separate assessment of each distinct cell-type entity is emphasized.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Role of diet in cancer etiology.

Current evidence for the involvement of diet in cancer etiology is based on indirect relationships between the consumption of selected food constituents and incidence, dietary studies, and laboratory data. The indirect evidence most often referred to is the suggested correlation between the complex of fats-meat-egg-animal protein and the risk for cancer of the colon. Such observations are, however, hampered by the fact that human diet does not consist of isolated food components. Case control studies implicate a higher intake of starchy foods in gastric cancer, a lower intake of fiber in colon cancer, and possibly coffee in renal cancer. Carcinogenic agents identified include food additives, plant toxicants, aflatoxins, polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, and certain normal major food constituents. The experimental evidence is augmented by studies indicating an inter-relationship between dietary constituents, intestinal flora, and bile acid metabolism. A synergistic action of ingested or metabolized carcinogens and a co-carcinogenic function of certain dietary components are suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nasopharyngeal cancer in a total population: selected clinical and epidemiological aspects.

A nationwide study of nasopharyngeal cancer in Israel, during a 9-year period (1960-68) demonstrated a mean annual incidence rate of 1.0 per 100,000 in males and 0.4 per 100,000 in females. Significantly higher incidence was observed in residents born in North Africa (3.0 in males and 1. 1 in females). Survival was relatively better in females among patients with lymphoepithelioma and in those without neurological complications. The results may support the presence of environmental factors in aetiology, though genetic predisposition cannot be ruled out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Relationship between steroid excretion patterns and breast cancer incidence in Israeli women of various origins.

A nationwide study of the steroid excretion patterns in postmenopausal Israeli migrant women demonstrated differences between high- and low-risk groups for breast cancer in the following variables: age at first parturition, number of pregnancies, number of live births, height, and weight. The direction of the differnces was in line with those observed for breast cancer patients. The groups also differed in the exretion of estriol, 17-ketosteroids, and allotetrahydrocortisol. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the exretion of estriol was significantly lower in population groups in whom breast cancer incidence was high. Possibly this trend--which has also been observed in adolescent and premenopausal women--reflected environmental influences on peripheral estrogen metabolism.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1977

Thyroid cancer following scalp irradiation.

A sixfole increase in the risk of thyroid cancer was observed among 10,902 persons irradiated for scalp tinea in childhood as compared to two matched control groups. The dosimetry studies demonstrated that the original mean dose given to the thyroid was less than 9 rads, yielding a risk of 6.3/10(6)/year. This carcinogenic effect of low-level radiation must be considered in the planning of safety measures against potential public health hazards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of electrocardiogram in emergency room as a decision-making tool.

The contribution of the electrocardiogram to the clinical judgment used by the physician in the emergency room to determine the necessity for hospitalizing patients was evaluated. Thirty-five percent of all 1,578 patients with presumed myocardial infarction referred to the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, for a one-year period had subsequently diagnosed myocardial infarctions. The ECG in the emergency room detected only 65 percent of these. The physician's clinical judgment was impressive in his decision to admit to the hospital almost all of the remaining 35 percent, while not admitting very many of the patients who did not have subsequently diagnosed myocardial infarctions. When the myocardial infarction was not evident on the ECG and the abnormalities on the tracings were identical for patients with subsequent myocardial infarctions and those without, again the physician made the right choice more often than the wrong. The follow-up ECG also attested to the good judgment of the physician in the emergency room. Of the emergency room ECGs of patients without subsequent myocardial infarctions who were admitted to the hospital, 17 percent showed myocardial infarction by follow-up, while this happened to only 2 percent of those denied admission.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1977

Cytogenetic findings in polycythemia vera: a review and reevaluation.

Chromosomal aberrations reported in the disease course of patients with polycythemia vera are reviewed. Methodological pitfalls related to data collection, presentation and interpretation are pointed out. On the basis of the available information, it seems reasonable to conclude that chromosomal derangements are not specific to polycythemia vera and that clone formation is infrequent. The effect of therapy is manifested by an increase in the quantity of aberrations rather than in any specific type of aberration.

Bone Marrow↗