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Biomedical subjects

B Mohlin

Publications and source records attributed to B Mohlin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

A qualitative study of teenagers' decisions to undergo orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe thoughts and values influencing young people's choices to undergo orthodontic treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (11 boys), aged 13-19 years, at an orthodontic clinic in the western part of Sweden participated. Open, taped interviews, lasting about 1 hour, were conducted with each subject and analysed by the grounded theory method. Five descriptive categories, each related to several subcategories, were generated in the analysis and labelled: 'being like everyone else', 'being diagnosed', 'focusing on the mouth', 'obeying social norms' and 'forced decision-making'. OUTCOME: Category forced decision-making was identified as a core category, describing the power in the social process, resulting in the decision to undergo orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Motivation for the decision to undergo orthodontic treatment seemed to be social norms, and the beauty culture in their reference group and in society in general. The teenagers were not fully conscious of these external influences. Their opinion, as a group, was that they had made an independent decision to undergo orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The congenitally missing upper lateral incisor. A retrospective study of orthodontic space closure versus restorative treatment.

Orthodontic treatment for patients with uni- or bilateral congenitally missing lateral incisors is a challenge to effective treatment planning. The two major alternatives, orthodontic space closure or space opening for prosthetic replacements, can both compromise aesthetics, periodontal health, and function. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine treated patients who had congenitally missing lateral incisors and to compare their opinion of the aesthetic result with the dentists' opinions of occlusal function and periodontal health. In this sample, 50 patients were identified. Thirty had been treated with orthodontic space closure, and 20 by space opening and a prosthesis (porcelain bonded to gold and resin bonded bridges). The patient's opinion of the aesthetic result was evaluated using the Eastman Esthetic Index questionnaire and during a structured interview. The functional status, dental contact patterns, periodontal condition, and quality of the prosthetic replacement was evaluated. In general, subjects treated with orthodontic space closure were more satisfied with the appearance of their teeth than those who had a prosthesis. No significant differences in the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) were found. However, patients with prosthetic replacements had impaired periodontal health with accumulation of plaque and gingivitis. The conclusion of this study is that orthodontic space closure produces results that are well accepted by patients, does not impair temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function, and encourages periodontal health in comparison with prosthetic replacements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A clinical evaluation of long term retention with bonded retainers made from multi-strand wires.

The majority of patients from 4 orthodontic clinics in the south west of Sweden who have had bonded retainers on upper or lower anterior teeth for a period of at least 5 years were examined. The total failure rate during 5 years of observation was 36 per cent, slightly higher in the maxilla than in the mandible. The retainer had become detached in 15 per cent of the teeth bonded. The failure rate decreased during the 5 year period of observation. Seven fractures were reported, all in the upper front teeth. The failure rate was reduced when the retainers were positioned incisally, when larger diameter wires were used and in the 12 cases where a groove had been cut into the enamel to accept the retainer. The findings suggest that a limited flexibility of the retainer may be an advantage. In about 20 per cent of the retained segments minor rotations and small areas of space opened between some of the teeth attached to the retainer. No new caries lesions were found on any of the teeth associated with the bonded retainers during the period of observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A survey of craniomandibular disorders in 500 19-year-olds.

This study examines the development of signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD), and some effects of orthodontic treatment from the age of 12-19 years of age. The data is drawn from a special sample of adolescents recruited at 11 years of age by random stratified sampling to contain a high prevalence of malocclusions of particular orthodontic interest. The sample does not reflect malocclusion in a normal population. The prevalence of frequent headache and TMJ disorders shows a major increase from 12 to 15 years of age. From 15 to 19 years of age, there is some increase in the prevalence of TMJ disorders in girls, but altogether the prevalence of signs and symptoms of CMD is much more stable. When the data from subjects who received orthodontic treatment were compared with data from subjects who had not received orthodontic treatment, only small differences were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Palatal dimensions and some inherited factors (body height and metacarpal index).

The relationship between the palatal dimensions and inherited factors such as body height and arachnodactyly, i.e., spider fingers, were studied in a sample of 87 patients with high and narrow palatal vaults, chosen from 1008 randomly selected patients at an orthodontic clinic. The patients with high palates were significantly taller than Swedes of the same sex and age (p < 0.001). Established arachnodactyly was not found in the examined sample. Sucking habits neither seem to influence crowding nor the palatal dimension at the molar region. Mouthbreathing strengthened but was not a pre-requisite for the significant correlation between palatal height and body height. The predominant orthodontic diagnoses included crowding, extreme maxillary overjet and postnormal occlusion as can be expected in a sample of orthodontic patients. The study will serve as a reference material for further investigations of patients with the Marfan syndrome where high palate, high stature and arachnodactyly are important features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Restitution of enamel after interdental stripping.

This paper studies the effect of interdental stripping on the enamel surface and evaluates methods to restitute the treated surface. Extracted teeth mounted in a semielastic material were subjected to stripping by different kinds of steel strips. The treated enamel surfaces were then polished in several different ways. The effects were studied by SEM and profilometry. It was concluded that the coarsest strips produced irregularities of such a magnitude that polishing had very limited effect. Polishing starting with coarse polishing strips followed by gradually finer gave the best result. An increase in number of strokes and use of all grades of polishing strips slightly improved the result.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1992

A survey of craniomandibular disorders in 800 15-year-olds. A follow-up study of children with malocclusion.

Seven-hundred-and-ninety-one 15-year-olds were subjected to an anamnestic and clinical examination of craniomandibular disorders. These individuals had been examined at the age of 12 years and this is one section of an extensive longitudinal investigation into the effects of malocclusion, and the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. The children were originally selected on the basis of presence of malocclusion. Signs of CMD were found in about half of the subjects. The proportion of individuals without any signs of CMD had decreased during the 4-year period. However, the number of subjects with severe signs remained very small. Changes in severity of CMD according to Helkimo's index of clinical dysfunction were mainly attributed to an increased prevalence of impaired TMJ function. An increase in prevalence of reported symptoms was found involving headache and joint sounds. The other recorded symptoms did not show any significant increase in prevalence. Mandibular mobility showed only minor changes from 12 to 15 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Need and demand for orthodontic treatment in an adult Swedish population.

The prevalence of malocclusion, the need for and the demand for orthodontic treatment was studied in a randomly selected adult Swedish population > or = 20 years of age. Nine-hundred-and-twenty subjects were examined of whom 669 had their own teeth in occlusion. From those a group of 157 subjects was selected on the basis of objective need and/or subjective demand for orthodontic treatment. The various regimens of treatment required in this group were investigated. The prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 17 to 53 per cent in the various age groups. The spectrum of malocclusion was similar to that previously reported in Swedish children. The awareness of their malocclusion was higher among younger than older subjects and among those who had severe malocclusion. Objective treatment need, evaluated by two experienced orthodontists, was estimated at 11 per cent of the total population, whilst orthodontic treatment was requested by approximately 5 per cent of the population studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A survey of craniomandibular disorders in 1000 12-year-olds. Study design and baseline data in a follow-up study.

One-thousand-and-eighteen 12-year-old children were chosen by use of preselected screening criteria, and disproportionate sampling to participate in a longitudinal study into the dental and social effects of malocclusion. The data has now been used to investigate the effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on craniomandibular disorders. The sampling method was designed to create sub-groups large enough to study effectively the whole range of malocclusion, even those which have a low prevalence. This report will give baseline data in a longitudinal study. Intra-observer variability on recordings of signs of craniomandibular disorders was tested and reproducibility was found to be on an acceptable level. Almost half the children had signs of CMD, but few of these were severe and overall, only a very small minority of children in this sample required treatment. A preliminary examination has been made into possible relationships between the signs and symptoms of CMD, and significant associations were found between headache and several clinical signs.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1991

Examination of Chinese NiTi wire by a combined clinical and laboratory approach.

Chinese NiTi wire was compared with Nitinol and stainless steel wires in a combined laboratory and clinical examination. In the laboratory test, the loading and unloading-deflection properties of the wires were determined in a three-point bending test and their surface properties were studied in a scanning electron microscope. This test attempts to simulate a common clinical situation. The NiTi material showed a non-linear force-deflection relationship. The increase in force from 1 mm deflection and onwards was very slow and the force delivered during unloading from large deflections was almost constant. This behaviour was somewhat different for smaller downward deflections of NiTi wires. Plastic deformation was insignificant. The clinical study confirmed the laboratory results obtained, characterizing a wire material much superior to stainless steel and even superior to Nitinol for alignment purposes. In clinical use, however, the rate of fractures of NiTi wires turned out to be unsatisfactorily high. This disadvantage was not predicted by the three-point bending test. Scanning electron microscopy revealed surface defects and non-metallic inclusions in fractured NiTi wires. A combination of a bending test simulating a clinical situation and surface examination is recommended when new wire materials are to be tested.

Alloys↗
PubMed1991

Orthodontic aspects on a skull collection from the Carmelite monastery in New Varberg.

During an excavation of the Carmelite monastery in New Varberg, 178 skeletons were found. Many of the skulls were in a bad condition. Thus, the material in the present study consists of 12 complete and 47 partial skulls (maxilla and/or mandible) of 22 monks and 37 ordinary inhabitants. The information collected involved direct inspection of the skulls, segments of the jaws and radiographic examination of the complete skulls. Malocclusion, attrition, temporomandibular joints and arch dimensions were analysed. From the results it is tempting to assume that lack of forceful masticatory function and consequent absence of evenly distributed attrition and observed differences in craniofacial morphology can be a major explanation to the high prevalence of severe malocclusion in modern man.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence of symptoms of functional disturbances of the masticatory system in Swedish men.

Subjective and clinical symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and cuspal interferences were studied in 389 Swedish men (median age 32 years). Impaired chewing function was noted in about 10%, different types of parafunction in 26%, frequent headaches in 5%, TMJ or muscle pain in 3% and difficulties in mouth opening in 10% of the men. Locking or luxation of the mandible was the most prevalent clinical symptom (24%), followed by reduced movement capacity and deviation on opening of the mandible, TMJ-sounds and muscle tenderness. Sixty per cent of the men had one or more clinical symptoms of dysfunction. Subjective symptoms of dysfunction were positively correlated with reduced movement capacity of the mandible and tenderness of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints upon palpation. Positive correlations were found between subjective symptoms of dysfunction and non-working side interference as well as single tooth contact on the working side. Locking or luxation of the mandible and TMJ-sounds were positively correlated with single tooth contact on the working side and TMJ-sounds and muscle tenderness with interferences in the retruded position of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tooth loss, prosthetics and dental treatment habits in a group of Swedish men.

Dental history, dental status, the need for prosthetic treatment and dental treatment habits were studied in 389 men aged 21--54 years. The men were selected from a group undergoing military refresher training in the south of Sweden. One percent of the men were toothless. About 3% had full dentures in one or both jaws and an equal percentage had partial dentures. About 3% of the men had bridges in the maxilla and 2% in the mandible. Tooth loss was greatest in the mandibular molar segment, followed by the maxillary molar segment. By means of an index for dental status about 8% of the men were judged to be in great need of prosthetic treatment for aesthetic reasons and/or to improve occlusion. Age, place of birth, educational level and smoking habits were among the factors which seemed to be related to dental status. Seventy percent of the men reported that they went to the dentist once a year, while about 10% seemed rarely or never to seek dental treatment. Dental treatment habits were correlated to place of birth, number of brothers and sisters, edentulousness and the need for prosthetic treatment, among other factors.

Adult↗