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Biomedical subjects

B Moore

Publications and source records attributed to B Moore.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Climacteric symptoms in a Tanzanian community.

Climacteric symptoms were investigated among healthy women living in and around a small town in Tanzania. The incidence of symptoms was high and similar to that recorded in Western societies. Statistically significant associations were observed between some symptoms and the number of years since menopause. More attention needs to be paid to climacteric problems among African women.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1991

Summary and frequency of KR presentation effects on retention of a motor skill.

This experiment investigates the recent proposal of Schmidt, Young, Swinnen, and Shapiro (1989) that summary knowledge of results (KR) improves skill retention. In Schmidt et al.'s experiment, however, summary length varied concomitantly with the frequency of KR presentation. The current investigation held KR presentation frequency constant while manipulating the number of trials seen in the summary KR display. Subjects were required to perform a timing task on a linear slide. Five groups (n = 12) of subjects participated in acquisition trials then in 10-min and 2-day delayed no-KR retention tests. In 4 conditions, subjects completed each acquisition block without any KR, but following each block they received KR on either 15, 7, 3, or 1 of the 15 trials performed in that block. In the final condition subjects received immediate KR. Analysis of the absolute constant error (magnitude of CE) data for acquisition revealed all groups improved with practice and the immediate KR group performed better than all the summary groups which in turn did not differ significantly. Analysis of the magnitude of CE retention data found performance to be worse on the 2-day retention test for all groups. The effect of condition was significant. The 1/1 group had lower error scores than all other groups, which in turn were not significantly different. Analyses of variable error (VE) revealed only that VE decreased with practice. These findings suggest frequency of KR presentation may be the basis for the summary KR effect found by Schmidt et al. (1989).

Female↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of K88ab-mediated haemagglutination by polymyxin B nonapeptide.

The ability of the cyclic peptide polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) to inhibit haemagglutination of erythrocytes by Escherichia coli bearing K88ab, K99 or F41 fimbriae was examined. The agent strongly inhibited K88ab-mediated haemagglutination, but had little or no effect on haemagglutination mediated by K99 or F41 fimbriae. Inhibition of K88ab-mediated haemagglutination did not result from release of fimbrial adhesins from the bacterial cell surface, nor from solubilization of K88ab receptors in erythrocytes. Since PMBN also prevented haemagglutination mediated by partially-purified K88ab fimbriae, the agent may directly obstruct access of fimbriae to their mammalian receptor binding sites.

Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1990

Could preventive intranasal interferon lower the morbidity in children prone to respiratory illness?

Recent studies have demonstrated that rhinovirus infections can be prevented in the family setting through use of intranasal interferon sprays which are commenced when another family member develops a cold. One hundred and twenty-seven children aged 4-9 years who had been hospitalized during their first year of life for severe infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus were studied virologically and epidemiologically during a seven-month period which included the winter months. The hypothesis was that a significant part of their respiratory morbidity would be preventable by a contact prophylaxis approach using intranasal interferon. However, the findings suggest that a preventive approach of this kind would not substantially reduce the burden of respiratory illness in these children because: the target children themselves more often introduced illness into the family than did other household members; rhinovirus infections preventable by interferon were associated with little lower respiratory morbidity; and rhinoviruses were minor contributors to the total respiratory illness burden in these respiratory illness-prone children.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

Complotypes in individuals of African origin: frequencies and possible extended MHC haplotypes.

We analyzed the frequency distribution of 106 complotypes [four allele sets of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes for the complement proteins factor B, C2, C4A, and C4B] from 32 Black families residing in Boston and Washington, DC. Twenty-five different complotypes were identified, among which there were four complotypes that had not been previously observed in our large database of complotypes compiled from family studies of Boston Caucasians and that are, presumably, unique to individuals of African origin. These four African-derived complotypes are FC(1,90)0, FC63, S1C2, 17, and SC(3,2,90)0. The frequencies of two of these four unique Black complotypes, FC(1,90)0 and FC63, were increased significantly when compared to Caucasians (pcorr less than 0.00042, pcorr = 0.00294, respectively). The complotype FC(1,90)0 was in positive linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR3 haplotypes containing the B locus antigens Bw42, Bw52, Bw53, and Bw58, while FC63 was associated with HLA-Bw70, -DR5. These findings demonstrate the extensive polymorphism of complotypes in Blacks, and also suggest that it may be possible to define unique extended haplotypes of African origin.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Programming time in serial tapping responses as a function of pathway constraint.

This study varied the accuracy demand within a linear series of targets to investigate the effect of movement-pathway constraints on response-programming time. Sidaway, Christina, and Shea (1988) have suggested that constraints placed upon movement initiation by the demand for response precision may play an important role in determining the length of the programming process. By varying the subtended angles of a series of three targets, this experiment tested the specific prediction of Sidaway et al. that programming time may be a function of the target, within a line of targets, that subtends the smallest angle at the start position. It is this target that demands the greatest precision in the movement pathway. Subjects participated in a series of conditions in which the size and placement of the target that imposed the maximal constraint was varied. In each condition the subjects were required to strike a series of three targets with a stylus in a simple reaction-time paradigm. Analysis of the reaction-time results revealed a significant effect of size of constraint, but no effect of position of constraint. Analysis of the movement-time data dispelled movement-duration and movement-velocity interpretations of the results and intimated a possible online trajectory-correction process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative variation of C4 variant proteins associated with many MHC haplotypes.

C4 protein variants were analyzed in 64 individuals, of which 51 were either homozygous or heterozygous for an extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype (a fixed combination of MHC alleles). The relative amount of each C4 variant was measured by densitometric scanning of stained immunofixed electrophoretic patterns of neuraminidase- and carboxypeptidase-treated samples. The relative concentrations of C4 variants on any haplotype were stable and inherited in families. In five of the eight extended haplotypes investigated, the amount of one of the C4 variants relative to others in the same pattern was increased: [HLA-B8, SC01, DR3] and [HLA-B7, SC31, DR2] produced an approximately doubled amount of C4B1; [HLA-B18, S042, DR2] an increased amount of C4B2; and [HLA-B44, SC30, DR4] a double amount of C4A3. The extended haplotype [HLA-Bw57, SC61, DR7] gave rise to two to three times as much C4B1 as C4A6. In the extended haplotypes [HLA-B44, FC31, DR7] and [HLA-Bw62, SC33, DR4], the results did not clearly indicate differences in expression of the C4 isotypes. DNA analysis possibly supported an actual gene duplication only for the haplotype [HLA-B7, SC31, DR2]. The results suggest that, in addition to variation in the number of structural genes, other MHC-linked mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of the relative amounts of C4A or C4B protein specified by any haplotype.

Complement C4↗
PubMed1989

Use of Gd-DTPA and fast gradient-echo and spin-echo MR imaging to demonstrate renal function in the rabbit.

The paramagnetic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is freely filtered at the glomerulus and is neither secreted nor reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Fast MR imaging techniques, either gradient-echo or spin-echo, can be used to document the passage of Gd-DTPA through the renal tubules, as reflected by alteration in the MR signal intensity within the different anatomic regions of the kidney. Gradient-echo (repetition time of 35 msec, echo time of 7 msec, flip angles of 10 degrees-100 degrees) and spin-echo (repetition time of 35 msec, echo time of 8 msec) pulse sequences were used to acquire 20 consecutive images, one every 12 seconds, of the rabbit kidney. Both pulse sequences depicted the time course of Gd-DTPA distribution through the kidney but with distinctly different patterns of MR signal change. These dynamic MR images provide an MR nephrogram that directly demonstrates renal morphology and indirectly reflects the functional status of the renal vasculature, renal perfusion, and tubular concentrating ability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of growth regulation of mammalian with amphibian lens epithelium.

In frogs hypophysectomy causes cell proliferation in lens epithelium to subside entirely, with better than 95% of the cells arresting in G1. The phenomenon has been traced to the action of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) whose synthesis depends on anterior pituitary hormones, most notably GH. Both GH and purified somatomedin C can reinitiate mitosis in the lenses of hypophysectomized frogs. The present studies were done to determine if growth of rat lenses is controlled as is that of amphibia. It appears this may not be so because hypophysectomy has no effect on division in the rodent system. Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) reduced the mitotic index and this effect is much enhanced by pituitary ablation. Of interest too, were the observations that the glucocorticoid, dexamethansone, is inhibitory in frog; the effect in rat is uncertain. Injection of bovine pituitary powder has no influence on rat while stimulating the amphibian material. It is therefore possible to modify growth of rat lens epithelium in vivo but the regulating mechanism(s) appears to be distinct from that operating in frogs. Whether the difference(s) is inherent in the cells themselves or is to be sought in the access routes through which they are reached by blood borne factors (e.g. permeability of blood-aqueous barriers) is, at present, unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Vasectomy as a contraceptive method.

The paper reports a series of 1,000 consecutive vasectomies, mostly self referrals, performed at a family planning clinic. Comprehensive counseling was a mandatory prerequisite, the average time spent considering vasectomy prior to counseling was 22 months. The couples characteristics were as follows: age 30-39 years, married 11.3 years, with 3.4 children, upper social class preponderance. To minimise the risk of recanalisation (0.2%), 20 mm of vas deferens was resected. In the early part of the series, inflammatory tissue reaction due to slow absorption of synthetic suture posed a minor problem which was subsequently eliminated by use of a soft gut variety. The majority (99%) was pleased with the procedure and did not suffer complications. One per cent experienced some psycho-sexual problems such as decreased libido, ejaculatory problems, depression. Based on data collected from other centres we estimate that 3,303 sterilizations were performed in Ireland in 1986 with a male:female ratio of 3.2.

Contraception↗
PubMed1988

Sodium NMR imaging of lung water in rats.

Coronal proton and sodium images of control rats and rats with either increased permeability edema produced by intravenous alloxan (300 mg/kg) or increased pressure edema produced by saline infusion (2 ml/min) were obtained. Axial chest CT images were used to monitor the development of pulmonary edema. Immediately after the imaging session compartmental lung water was measured gravimetrically. The sodium and proton imagings were done sequentially in a 31-cm-bore 1.9-T magnet without moving the animal. The anatomical boundaries of the lung on the proton images were transferred to the sodium images for calculation of the average sodium signal intensity which was determined by extrapolating the mean values from five echoes to time zero. The sodium signal intensity was correlated (r = 0.7) with the total water fraction. There was poor correlation (r = 0.56) with the extravascular water due to confounding by the sodium vascular signal.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Factors contributing to paramedic onscene time during evaluation and management of blunt trauma.

Prehospital patient management decisions are complex because the traumatized patient population is heterogeneous with respect to demographics, mechanism of injury, physiological response to injury, and time from injury to medical care. One hundred and nine blunt trauma patient evaluations by paramedics in a county-wide semirural emergency medical services (EMS) system were analyzed to determine paramedic time on the scene and the factors that might influence onscene time. Onscene time linearly correlated with a prolonged transport time. Hemodynamic and respiratory dysfunction were also associated with increased onscene time. Mean onscene time was not significantly different between high (greater than 13) and low (less than or equal to 13) trauma score (TS) groups, although patients with low TS did receive more interventions (more intravenous lines, more frequent intubation, and more frequent pneumatic antishock garment use). Similar results were found when high (greater than 10) and low (less than or equal to 10) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) groups were compared. The correlation of emergency department TS with initial prehospital TS and onscene time demonstrated a small improvement in TS with increasing onscene time for the patient with an initial TS greater than or equal to 13. However, patient groups with either a low TS or a low GCS score showed no significant improvement in TS with increasing onscene time. Without a strict management algorithm, paramedics use a variety of cues to guide their actions during the onscene management of blunt trauma. Future studies should address the impact of strict management algorithms on onscene time and ultimate patient outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Growth and growth hormone therapy of children treated for leukaemia.

A total of 37 children (24 male, 13 female) who had been treated for leukaemia with chemotherapy and 24 Gy cranial irradiation, and who were disease free for at least 18 months, were commenced on somatrem at a mean of 7.6 years (range, 4.8-12.1 years) after leukaemia diagnosis because of growth rate below the 25th centile for bone age. Peak GH response to provocation (exercise, arginine, insulin hypoglycaemia) was less than 20 milliunits/litre in 27 children (deficient group) and 20 milliunits/litre or more in 10 children (non-deficient group). The mean height SD decrease from diagnosis of leukaemia to commencement of somatrem was 1.98, 86% of the children decreasing by more than 1 SD. Those who were tall for age at leukaemia diagnosis and females were more severely affected. Mean (+/- SD) height velocity increased on somatrem from 2.7 +/- 1.1 to 6.6 +/- 2.2 cm/year during the first 6 months (n = 25), and to 6.0 +/- 1.7 cm/year during the first 12 months (n = 19). No difference in growth response was seen between the sexes or between the deficient and non-deficient groups. Catch-up growth occurred for the first 6 months only. It is concluded that children with a low growth rate after treatment of leukaemia should be considered for GH therapy irrespective of the results of GH provocative tests.

Adolescent↗