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Biomedical subjects

B Muñoz

Publications and source records attributed to B Muñoz.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prolactin regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) expression in normal mouse mammary epithelium.

The hormonal regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) RNA in normal mouse mammary epithelium was studied in an explant system. In tissue from parous mice, physiological concentrations of prolactin stimulated MMTV expression, while only pharmacological concentrations of cortisol were effective. Regulation in explants from virgin mice was similar to that in parous animals except that the former were less sensitive to prolactin; this relative unresponsiveness may explain why uninduced tissue from virgin mice does not express MMTV RNA, while that from parous mice does exhibit some basal production. These results suggest that prolactin plays a major role in MMTV expression in normal mammary epithelium and that glucocorticoids may only have a permissive effect or may act through an indirect mechanism requiring high concentrations. These data also suggest that the greater susceptibility of parous mice to MMTV-induced tumorigenesis may reflect the greater prolactin sensitivity in the glands from these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of ultraviolet radiation on cataract formation.

To investigate the relation of ultraviolet radiation and cataract formation, we undertook an epidemiologic survey of 838 watermen (mean age, 53 years) who worked on Chesapeake Bay. The annual ocular exposure was calculated from the age of 16 for each waterman by combining a detailed occupational history with laboratory and field measurements of sun exposure. Cataracts were graded by ophthalmologic examination for both type and severity. Some degree of cortical cataract was found in 111 of the watermen (13 percent), and some degree of nuclear cataract in 229 (27 percent). Logistic regression analysis showed that high cumulative levels of ultraviolet B exposure significantly increased the risk of cortical cataract (regression coefficient, 0.70; P = 0.04). A doubling of cumulative exposure increased the risk of cortical cataract by a factor of 1.60 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.01 to 2.64). Those whose annual average exposure was in the upper quartile had a risk increased by 3.30 (confidence interval, 0.90 to 9.97) as compared with those in the lowest quartile. Analysis using a serially additive expected-dose model showed that watermen with cortical lens opacities had a 21 percent higher average annual exposure to ultraviolet B (t-test, 2.23; P = 0.03). No association was found between nuclear cataracts and ultraviolet B exposure or between cataracts and ultraviolet A exposure. We conclude that there is an association between exposure to ultraviolet B radiation and cataract formation, which supports the need for ocular protection from ultraviolet B.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testing a participatory strategy to change hygiene behaviour: face washing in central Tanzania.

A participatory strategy to increase face washing was designed and tested in central Tanzania. Changing children's face-washing behaviour is postulated to be important in preventing the transmission of eye disease, particularly blinding trachoma. The strategy used non-formal adult education techniques at neighbourhood level meetings to build a community consensus to keep children's faces clean for the prevention of eye disease. Men, women, schoolchildren, traditional healers and village social groups participated in the intervention. The strategy was evaluated by observing changes in numbers of clean faces of a sample of preschool children in the village. Clean faces increased from 9% to 33% over the course of a year. Factors which were related to sustained change in children's clean faces included distance to water, age of the child, and presence of a corrugated metal roof. Owning cattle was associated with lack of sustainable change in this population.

Baths↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuraxial hematoma after combined regional anesthesia: conservative resolution].

Epidural hematoma is a rare but serious neurological complication of neuraxial anesthesia. We report the case of a woman in whom this complication presented after knee replacement surgery under combined neuraxial anesthesia. No adverse events occurred during surgery. In the early postoperative period thromboembolic prophylaxis and continuous perfusion of ropivacaine were started through the epidural catheter. Lumbar pain along with sensorimotor alterations in the lower limbs developed on the first day after surgery. Epidural hematoma was suspected and the perfusion of local anesthetic was suspended. A computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of a hematoma with poorly defined margins. The patient was transferred to another hospital for dorsolumbar magnetic resonance, which revealed an extensive hematoma. Surgery was ruled out in favor of conservative treatment. Neurological symptoms resolved slowly over the following days and the patient was discharged partially recovered 51 days after surgery and recovery was complete within 6 postoperative months. We discuss the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of neuraxial hematoma related to local or regional anesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postoperative pain in tonsillectomy in general anesthesia and local infiltration].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study is to demonstrate that blockade by bupivacaine of nociceptors located at the same level than the anterior tonsillar pillar, can reduce the pain in the postoperative period following tonsillectomy, thus, making easier the recovery of these patients at home. For this purpose, fifty children aged 2 to 13 years old, are studied. A double blind study is performed distributing the children randomly in two groups. One group is infiltrated prior to surgery with 1 cm3 of bupivacaine 0.25% + epinephrine 1:200,000 in three points of the anterior tonsillar pilla, while the other group is infiltrated with normal saline. The pain in the immediate postoperative period (60 minutes) is classified in five categories by a visual pain scale (scored 1-10). Short term postoperative (7 days) is also classified in five categories by a scale (scored 1-10) based in the information provided by the mother. Statistical analyses of the data is performed considering the statistical significance of the correlations obtained from the Chi2 and Student's tests. CONCLUSION: pre-incisional infiltration in the anterior tonsillar pillar with bupivacaine in the tonsillectomy will cause a remarkable reduction in the intensity of the postoperative pain.

Administration, Topical↗