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Biomedical subjects

B Mulholland

Publications and source records attributed to B Mulholland.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Matrix metalloproteinase distribution during early corneal wound healing.

AIM: To compare matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) localisation in anterior keratectomy (AK) and lamellar keratectomy (LK) wounds. METHODS: Wounds were produced in one eye of 24 rabbits. The AK wounds were made to approximately 120 microm in depth and then allowed to re-epithelialise. The LK wounds were of similar depth, but the anterior stroma and epithelium were replaced after a second deeper keratectomy had been performed. Immunohistochemistry was used to localise the MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9 at intervals from 4 h to 14 days following surgery. The contralateral eyes acted as controls. RESULTS: After an AK wound MMP-1 was present at the leading edge of migrating epithelium after 18 h, while MMP-2 and -9 were localised behind the advancing epithelial edge. The presence of these enzymes rapidly fell to low levels after epithelial closure. There was only faint MMP-3 localisation between days 3 and 7. After an LK wound, MMP-1, -3, and -9 were not detected in the stromal interface, but MMP-2 was present at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that after an AK wound, MMP-1 is a key mediator of epithelial migration, while MMP-2 and -9, and to a lesser extent MMP-3, may participate in the remodelling of corneal stroma and the reformation of epithelial basement membrane. In contrast, an LK wound results in a much lower stimulus for MMP activation. The action of MMP-2 in stromal repair is thus partly independent of epithelial injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the eyebrow.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of the largest reported microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the eyebrow in an 89-year-old woman and to review the literature regarding the periorbital occurrence of this tumor. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: This case was treated with primary excision and radiotherapy, with no clinical signs of recurrence in the past 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare tumor; however, because of its aggressive local infiltration, ophthalmologists should consider this diagnosis and complete surgical excision. Long-term data are needed to establish outcomes from the different treatment options.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Intraocular penetration of tamoxifen.

OBJECTIVE: To document ocular penetration of oral tamoxifen in patients being administered systemic therapy by measuring intraocular and serum levels of the drug in a series of patients undergoing elective ocular surgery. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, prospective, comparative trial. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients undergoing elective ocular surgery (cataract extraction or vitrectomy). Twenty patients were using the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, and one participant was not. Nine patients were excluded in the final analysis because of inadequate sample size. INTERVENTION: Preoperative serum samples and perioperative aqueous samples, vitreous samples, or both were obtained for each patient, and these were analyzed for tamoxifen and its metabolites. Dilated fundus examination was performed before surgery on all patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evidence of tamoxifen, its metabolites, or both in the samples. RESULTS: Tamoxifen was detected in all analyzed serum samples (range, 82.4-290.0 ng/ml.) from patients taking the medication and was found to have penetrated into both vitreous (range, 0.5-7.8 ng/ml) and aqueous (range, 0.5-3.9 ng/ml) cavities. No relationship was found between serum and intraocular levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that tamoxifen penetrates intraocular fluids to varying degrees. The drug levels in aqueous and vitreous do not appear to correlate with serum levels. Evidence of tamoxifen retinopathy or keratopathy was not seen.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Anterior uveitis and its relation to stress.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Idiopathic recurrent acute anterior uveitis (RAAU) is a common reason for attendance at ophthalmic casualty departments. Patients who suffer with this condition may have multiple recurrent episodes which are often debilitating and necessitate time off work. If recurrences are identified early and treatment initiated rapidly, the inflammation can be minimised and settles quickly on topical treatment with a speedy functional recovery by the patient. It has been our clinical impression that some patients with RAAU relate recurrences of inflammation to psychological factors. Therefore stress could be a trigger factor for recurrence, and at such times, patients should be alert to the early signs of uveitis and seek prompt examination by an ophthalmologist. This study tests the hypothesis that stressful life events are associated with the onset of RAAU. METHODS: The number of stressful life events in patients presenting to the casualty department with RAAU in the month immediately preceding symptom onset was compared with a control group of patients with other ocular problems taken from the casualty department using the Holmes and Rahe scale and the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. RESULTS: 35 patients with RAAU did not report a higher number of stressful life events or higher levels of anxiety compared with 29 controls in this study on both Holmes and Rahe scale and Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. Scores for both groups were comparable with those published for normal adults of the same age and sex. CONCLUSION: Stress was not shown in this study to be involved in triggering the recurrence of idiopathic acute anterior uveitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

The use of corticosteroids for choroidal neovascularisation in young patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of sight-threatening choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in patients with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and multifocal inner choroiditis (MIC). METHODS: Twelve eyes of 10 patients with evidence of PIC or MIC with recent visual symptoms were identified. All eyes had CNV within the foveal avascular zone on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Systemic oral prednisolone at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg (60-80 mg) was given for 3-5 days and the dose was subsequently tapered. Changes in best corrected visual acuity and leakage on FFA were recorded during follow-up. Systemic side-effects of the corticosteroids were monitored. RESULTS: In 10 of 12 eyes vision improved or stabilised. Leakage on FFA resolved in 9 eyes and was reduced in 3. Four patients required more than one course of oral corticosteroids. One patient was maintained on low-dose oral corticosteroids for recurrent CNV activity. No systemic complications from the treatment were observed. CONCLUSION: A course of oral corticosteroids in healthy young patients with subfoveal CNV in PIC or MIC may reduce subretinal vascular leakage and stabilise vision when no other proven treatment option is available.

Adult↗