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B Murali

Publications and source records attributed to B Murali.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Tolerance of aged Fischer 344 rats against chlordecone-amplified carbon tetrachloride toxicity.

We have investigated the effects of chlordecone 1(CD)+CCl4 combination in adult (3 months), middle aged (14 months), and old aged (24 months) male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. After a non-toxic dietary regimen of CD (10 ppm) or normal powdered diet for 15 days, rats received a single non-toxic dose of CCl4 (100 microl/kg, i.p., 1:4 in corn oil) or corn oil (500 microl/kg, i.p.) alone on day 16. Liver injury was assessed by plasma ALT, AST, and histopathology during a time course of 0-96 h. Liver tissue repair was measured by [3H-CH3]-thymidine (3H-T) incorporation into hepatic nuclear DNA and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. Hepatomicrosomal CYP2E1 protein, enzyme activity, and covalent binding of 14CCl4-derived radiolabel were measured in normal and CD fed rats. Exposure to CCl4 alone caused modest liver injury only in 14- and 24-month-old rats but neither progression of injury nor mortality. The CD+CCl4 combination led to 100% mortality in 3-month-old rats by 72 h, whereas none of the 14- and 24-month-old rats died. Both 3- and 14-month-old rats exposed to CD+Cl4 had identical liver injury up to 36 h indicating that bioactivation-mediated CCl4 injury was the same in the two age groups. Thereafter, liver injury escalated only in 3-month-old while it declined in 14-month-old rats. In 24-month-old rats initial liver injury at 6 h was similar to the 3- and 14-month-old rats and thereafter did not develop to the level of the other two age groups, recovering from injury by 96 h as in the 14-month-old rats. Neither hepatomicrosomal CYP2E1 protein nor the associated p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity or covalent binding of 14CCl4-derived radiolabel to liver tissue differed between the age groups or diet regimens 2 h after the administration of 14CCl4. Compensatory liver tissue repair (3H-T, PCNA) was prompt and robust soon after CCl4 liver injury in the 14- and 24-month-old rats. In stark contrast, in the 3-month-old rats it failed allowing unabated progression of liver injury. These findings suggest that stimulation of early onset and robust liver tissue repair rescue the 14- and 24-month-old F344 rats from the lethal effect of the CD+CCl4 combination.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in a case of hereditary stomatocytosis.

We present a case of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy performed successfully in a patient with stomatocytosis. Stomatocytosis is a rare condition of abnormal erythrocyte morphology in which haemolysis and hyperkalaemia occur at cooler temperatures. A 35-yr-old male with stomatocytosis was referred for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in the context of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. He had undergone splenectomy as a child, which rendered him hypercoagulable as the spleen normally removes the haemolysed red cell fragments from blood. By constantly monitoring urine for macroscopic haematuria, arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis perioperatively and by limiting the period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest that is normally required for this operation, we were able to perform the operation successfully.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of chronic treatment with losartan on streptozotocin-induced renal dysfunction.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of chronic treatment with angiotensin (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan (2 mg/kg, p.o., 6 weeks) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced (45 mg/kg, i.v., single dose) renal dysfunctions in diabetic rats. Injection of streptozotocin produced not only the cardinal symptoms of diabetes mellitus like loss of body weight, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia but also the renal dysfunctions. Losartan treatment significantly prevented all these changes except STZ-induced hypoinsulinemia. There was a significant elevation of blood pressure in diabetic rats and treatment with losartan significantly brought it back to normal. Renal dysfunction in diabetic rats was characterized by a significant decrease in creatinine clearance, elevated levels of electrolytes and renal hypertrophy. Treatment with losartan prevented these changes. A good correlation was found between biochemical parameters and histopathological abnormalities. Our data suggests that, losartan may be considered as the drug of choice when there is a co-existence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with compromised kidney function.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of chronic treatment with Enicostemma littorale in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) rats.

We have studied the effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma. littorale (2 g/kg p.o.) daily for 6 weeks in neonatal non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. To induce NIDDM a single dose injection of STZ (70 mg/kg; i.p.) was given to the 5-day-old pups. After 3 months of STZ injection when animals were confirmed as diabetic, E. littorale was administered for 6 weeks. Fasting and fed glucose and insulin levels in NIDDM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control rats and they were significantly decreased by the treatment with E. littorale. Results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in both AUC(glucose) and AUC(insulin) values in NIDDM treated group. Insulin sensitivity (K(ITT)) index of NIDDM control was significantly lower as compared with Wistar control and this was significantly (P<0.05) increased after treatment with E. littorale. Treatment with E. littorale also decreased the elevated cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels observed in NIDDM rats. Our data suggest that aqueous extract of E. littorale is a potent herbal antidiabetic. It produces an increase in insulin sensitivity, normalizes dyslipidaemia and provides nephroprotection in diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of chronic treatment with losartan on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Treatment of rats with streptozotocin (STZ, 45mg/kg, i.v.,single dose) produced cardinal symptoms of diabetes mellitus including hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and increase in blood pressure. Treatment with losartan--an angiotensin (AT1) receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg, po for 6 weeks decreased the blood glucose levels by 16.5%. There was 190% increase in AUCglucose and 59.4% decrease in AUCinsulin in STZ-diabetic rats as compared to control rats. Treatment with losartan caused slight decrease in AUCglucose and slight increase in AUCinsulin. There was no significant difference in insulin sensitivity (K(ITT)) index of STZ-diabetic group as compared to control. Losartan treatment failed to alter these levels significantly. Serum cholesterol and creatinine levels were found to be increased significantly in STZ-diabetic rats. Treatment with losartan significantly prevented the rise in cholesterol and creatinine levels by 20.1 and 81% respectively. The results suggest that losartan produces some beneficial effects in STZ-diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Improvement in insulin sensitivity by losartan in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) rats.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of chronic treatment with losartan (2 mg kg(-1)/ day P.O) in neonatal non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. To induce NIDDM single-dose injection of STZ (70 mg kg(-1); i.p.) was given to 5 day old pups. The animals were weaned at 30 days and after a period of 3 months, they were checked for fasting and fed glucose levels to confirm the status of NIDDM. Losartan (2 mg kg(-1); p.o.) was administered for 6 weeks into the confirmed diabetic rats. A group of control animals were also maintained and this group received saline 5 days after birth. Fasting and fed glucose levels in NIDDM rats were significantly higher than control rats. Treatment with losartan in the NIDDM rats caused a significant decrease in insulin levels and reduction in elevated fasting and fed glucose levels. Results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed a significant increase in AUC(glucose)and AUC(insulin)values in NIDDM control rats. Losartan treatment significantly decreased both AUC(glucose)and AUC(insulin)values. Insulin sensitivity (K(ITT)) index of NIDDM control was significantly low as compared to Wistar control animals followed by significant increase in T(1/2)glucose value. Losartan treatment significantly reversed both K(ITT)and T(1/2)glucose value. Our data indicates that losartan increases insulin sensitivity in NIDDM rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimum sanctum and eugenol.

The essential oil of Ocimum sanctum and eugenol, tested in vitro, showed potent anthelmintic activity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Eugenol exhibited an ED(50) of 62.1 microg/ml. Eugenol being the predominant component of the essential oil, is suggested as the putative anthelmintic principle.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of chronic treatment with losartan on streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors produce a number of beneficial effects in a condition where diabetes - mellitus and hypertension co-exist. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of chronic treatment with losartan (2mg/kg, p.o.) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (45mg/kg, single dose, tail vein) diabetic nephropathy in rats. Treatment of rats with STZ produced a significant loss of body weight, polyuria. polydipsia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and increase in blood pressure. There was a significant increase in blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were found to be increased significantly in the STZ group diabetic rats. Treatment with losartan significantly prevented the raise in cholesterol, creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen levels. Creatinine clearance was significantly less in STZ-diabetic rats as compared to control animals and treatment with losartan significantly increased creatinine clearence. Our data suggest a beneficial effect of losartan in STZ-induced nephropathy in rats.

Animals↗