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Biomedical subjects

B N Agarwal

Publications and source records attributed to B N Agarwal.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Nephrotic syndrome associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection.

A case of nephrotic syndrome in which Schistosoma mansoni infection associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 is reported. In endemic areas glomerulopathy secondary to Schistosoma mansoni has been described. Although not commonly seen in mainland United States, Schistosoma mansoni infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of proteinuria in persons who have visited or are from endemic regions.

Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative↗
PubMed1990

Acute interstitial nephritis associated with cefotetan therapy.

We report a case of acute interstitial nephritis associated with cefotetan therapy. Cefotetan should be considered a potential cause of acute renal failure in patients who develop rash, eosinophilia, and fever in association with an acute deterioration of renal function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Renal acidification in elderly subjects.

Renal acidification in healthy elderly subjects was studied using short ammonium chloride loading test. No differences in basal urinary acid excretion or urinary pH between elderly and younger subjects were found. After the acid load, the net acid excretion and the percent excretion of the ingested load in 6 h were much less in the elderly. Also, they did not achieve as low a urinary pH as younger persons. Ammonium excretion was reduced in the elderly volunteers, even after correction for GFR. We observed an inverse correlation between urinary pH and ammonium excretion which is statistically significant in younger, but not in elderly subjects. Our results, therefore, show that with age, the capacity to excrete an acid load is diminished due to a reduction in ammonium excretion, independent of decreased GFR. We also noted a small pH gradient defect in the older persons.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

In vitro activity and pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in normal volunteers and patients with renal failure.

In both Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and antibiotic medium no. 1 (AB1) cefaclor was more active than cephalothin or cephalexin against Enterobacteriaceae. Its activity was equivalent to cephalexin against S. aureus in MHA. Cefaclor was particularly active against P. mirabilis. The activity of this antibiotic was greated in AB1 than in MHA. The inoculum effect was pronounced for cefaclor when compared with cephalothin, but cefaclor retained greater activity even against the higher inoculum. In volunteers with normal renal function, cefaclor produced slightly lower blood levels than those reported for cephalexin. Absorption after eating was decreased and delayed. Despite severe renal failure, substantial urine levels of antibiotic were still achieved. In contrast to cephalexin, plasma half-life for cefaclor was only moderately prolonged by renal failure (two-to-threefold) and only minimally shortened by haemodialysis. Adequate concentrations of cefaclor in sputum, active against common respiratory pathogens, could not be consistently demonstrated after the oral administration of a 1 gram dose of cefaclor.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacology of cefaclor in normal volunteers and patients with renal failure.

After a 500-mg dose of cefaclor, the mean peak plasma level was 12.4 mug/ml and after a 250-mg dose it was 5 mug/ml in normal volunteers. Food intake significantly reduced absorption. Probenecid prolonged plasma levels. Mean plasma half-life in normal volunteers was 0.8 h. Only about 50% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 4 h in normal volunteers. Plasma half-life in patients with renal insufficiency was only about 3 h, which suggests that cefaclor may be eliminated by nonrenal mechanisms in humans. Urinary levels of cefaclor were adequate to inhibit susceptible pathogens even in patients with moderately severe renal failure. Plasma half-life during hemodialysis was 2.1 h and rose to 2.8 h after dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Diphenylhydantoin-induced acute renal failure.

A case of acute renal failure developing at two separate times after the use of diphenylhydantoin is described. On both occasions the patient also had other manifestations of a hypersensitivity reaction and recovered normal renal function after the withdrawal of the drug and institution of corticosteroid therapy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

Spontaneous hypoglycemia in end-stage renal failure.

Five men with end-stage renal failure had spontaneous hypoglycemia during lengthy hospitalizations. Four were cachectic, and all five had weight loss and poor caloric intake. Malnutrition were seen also in some of the ten previous case reports of hypoglycemia in renal failure. Impaired renal gluconeogenesis may allow hypoglycemia in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ineffectiveness of hemodialysis in copper sulphate poisoning.

A fatal case of severe copper sulphate poisoning is reported in whom hemodialysis was performed 13 h after ingestion. At autopsy a significant amount of copper was found in the brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and adrenals. This case indicates sopper is nondialysable and that hemodialysis is ineffective in the treatment of acute copper sulphate poisoning.

Acute Kidney Injury↗