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Biomedical subjects

B N Bhattacharya

Publications and source records attributed to B N Bhattacharya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Determinants of child immunization in four less-developed states of north India.

Four northern states of India - Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh - lag far behind the other states of the country regarding demographic transition and socio-economic development. The study described in this article shows the utilization of child immunization services in these states, utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey, India, 1992-3 (IIPS, 1995a, 1995b, 1995c) The study used multivariate logistic regression to correlate the utilization of child immunization. The results showed that children are more likely to receive immunization if their parents are a couple, with the father literate and the mother with at least a middle-school-education level who received antenatal care or delivered in an institutional environment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Description of breastfeeding practices among poorer sections in Calcutta Metropolitan Area and its impact on postpartum infecundity.

Descriptions of breastfeeding practices among residents in slum areas of Kolkata and the influence of breastfeeding on postpartum amenorrhoea is the focus of this study. Three out of four women initiate breastfeeding after one hour of birth and three out of five women squeeze the first milk from the breast before breastfeeding. Though the median duration of breastfeeding is long, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is much shorter. Breastfeeding during the first six months has a significant negative influence on the rate of return to menses.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of time of first birth in presence of social customs regulating physical separation and coital frequency.

The interval between marriage and the first birth in India, particularly in rural areas, is much longer than what is observed in western countries. In eastern Uttar Pradesh, the mean interval is observed to be even longer, possibly due to traditional customs such as the female partner's visits to her parents in the early years of marriage and the smaller chance of coition because of the observance of rigid intercourse taboos. Thus the models to explain the length of the interval of marriage to first birth proposed by Western demographers, which assume that the period of cohabitation between marriage and first birth is uninterrupted, often do not describe the data satisfactorily when applied to rural India. In this paper a model to describe data on first birth interval is proposed that takes account of the distributions of timing and periods of physical separation and variation in fecundity with effective marriage duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Predictors of survival in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder.

BACKGROUND: The role of resectional surgery in patients with advanced stages of gallbladder carcinoma has not been fully defined. It is generally believed that the survival depends on the stage of the disease, rather than on the treatment option. METHODS: Seventeen selected risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses to predict survival in 87 patients with gallbladder carcinoma who had undergone some form of surgical treatment. Similarly, a subset of 55 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV disease also was analyzed separately. RESULTS: Palpable mass, tumor (T) status, local infiltration, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and the type of surgical treatment (laparotomy alone, bypass, or resection) were significant risk factors by univariate analysis. In addition to palpable mass and the type of surgical treatment, age was also a significant predictor of survival by multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of patients with Stage IV disease revealed the same three factors to be significant. In this subset of patients, the median survival after resectional surgery was 16.3 months; after biliary and/or gastric bypass, 4.8 months; and after laparotomy alone, 1.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The type of surgical treatment significantly influenced survival. Resectional surgery was associated with better survival compared with biliary and/or gastric bypass or laparotomy alone for patients with all stages of the disease, including those with advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Does malnutrition predispose to diarrhoea during childhood? Evidence from a longitudinal study in Matlab, Bangladesh.

It is posited that diarrhoeal illness during one period has influence on diarrhoeal illness in a subsequent period. This relationship may potentially mask the association between malnutrition and subsequent diarrhoea. To test this, we analysed data on cross-sectional anthropometry in combination with data on diarrhoeal morbidity collected longitudinally in a community-based study of 1262 children (aged 6-60 months) during March-December, 1976, in Matlab, Bangladesh. The results confirmed the posited relationship between diarrhoeal morbidities in two consecutive periods and showed that the risks of diarrhoeal attack and longer diarrhoeal illness increased more than threefold during the 2 months following diarrhoeal illness during the preceding 2 months (previous diarrhoea). Children with no previous diarrhoea indicated a positive association between malnutrition and subsequent diarrhoea, but the pattern found among children with previous diarrhoea was not understandable. Logistic regression analyses performed separately for younger and older children showed that controlling for effects of previous diarrhoea, maternal illiteracy and household poverty, severe malnutrition as assessed by weight-for-age was found to be strongly associated with the risk of longer diarrhoeal illness in a 2-month interval in the age group 24-60 months; in the same age group the association with the risk of diarrhoeal attack was significant at the 10 per cent level. No such association for malnutrition, however, was found in the age group 6-23 months.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1989

An extension of a model for first birth interval and some social factors.

"A model for the time of first birth is presented under certain assumptions, which involve biological and socio-cultural factors." The model is illustrated using data from Rural Development and Population Growth--A Sample Survey, 1978, conducted in Varanasi, India, and involving some 3,514 households.

Asia↗
PubMed1987

Probability distributions of number of births and their applications.

This paper develops probability distributions to describe the variations in the number of live birth-conceptions to a female during a given time interval (0, To) of length To. In the derivation, the interval (0, To) is divided into 2 consecutive segments, and fertility parameters within each segment are assumed to be constant but may differ between the segments. A method of obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters is outlined. The models are applied to an observed set of data. An application of the models in the evaluation of family planning programs is illustrated.

Asia↗
PubMed1984

A modification of a model for number of births and estimation of age specific fecundability and sterility.

"This paper deals with derivation of models to describe the number of births to women during interval (O,T) of length T, when the start of the observation is marriage as well as when it is a distant point after marriage. These models are extensions of the models of Singh, et al., (1973) and of Sheps and Menken (1973) and can suitably be applied to data for short periods of observation as the parameters are assumed to be homogeneous in time. The methods to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are outlined." The models are applied to data from a sample survey on rural development and population growth carried out by the Demographic Research Centre of Banaras Hindu University in 1978 in order to examine trends in fecundability and sterility by age of women.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Births averted under family planning programme: a mathematical approach.

"In this paper a probability model is proposed to describe the distribution of births to couples in first T years of marriage, when T is large and/or when couples use various methods of family planning. This model is derived on the assumption that conditional instantaneous risk of a conception, the incidence of foetal loss and the chance of attaining [sterility] following a child birth are functions of parity....The application of the model in evaluation of family planning programme changes in the child bearing pattern is illustrated."

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1983

A probability model for number of births and its application in estimation of fecundability for a heterogeneous population.

"Under some simple assumptions relating to the human reproduction process, an extension of a probability model describing the variations in the number of births to a female during a specified period of time (O, T) of length T, is proposed. The model is extended to a situation when the female population consists of two distinct groups with respect to fecundability. A procedure of estimation of some of the underlying parameters is given. The applicability of the model is illustrated with an observed distribution." Data for the illustration are from a population survey undertaken in Varanasi, India, in 1978.

Asia↗
PubMed1983

On a modification of life table technique for analysis of birth interval data and its application.

"This paper presents some modifications [of] the usual life table technique to analyse the data on the time of first birth and inter live birth intervals which are compiled from the birth histories of females, of varying marital durations, enumerated in a retrospective survey." The fact that a female may not be exposed to the risk of conception following childbirth or marriage, because of postpartum amenorrhea or of customs involving visits to parents, is taken into account. A method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the conditional risk of conception is given, and an analysis of birth intervals is presented using this technique and data for India from the Rural Development and Population Growth--A Sample Survey 1978.

Amenorrhea↗