Biomedical subjects

B N Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to B N Friedman.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Predictors of eating disorder scores in children ages 6 through 14: a longitudinal study.

The objective of this study was to identify variables that predict higher eating disorder scores in non-clinical boys and girls ages 6 through 14. Two hundred sixteen children participated and were tested annually for 3 years. A TV-video procedure was used to measure the accuracy of body size judgments. Variables examined included demographic, familial, sociocultural, social, esteem, and clinical variables. Predictors of higher eating disorder scores for both sexes included height and weight, children's perceptions of parental concerns about their body size, low body esteem, and depression. For girls only, a larger perceived body size and smaller idealized body size were also predictors. Teasing was a predictor for boys only. An analysis of longitudinal changes suggests that low body esteem becomes a significant factor around age 9, depression emerges as a predictor at age 10, and body size judgments in perceived and ideal sizes at ages 11 and 12. Changes over 2 years in individuals' weight and height, teasing, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder scores were also found to predict higher eating disorder scores.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Body-size estimations in children six through fourteen: a longitudinal study.

Estimates of perceived and ideal body size were collected in 216 boys and girls ages 6 through 14 years. Video methodology was used to adjust the width of a life-size frontal image of the children. Longitudinal data were collected annually for three years, beginning at ages 6, 9, and 12. Three psychological methods were used, including the method of adjustment, staircase method, and adaptive probit estimation technique which permitted separate measures of the children's point of subjective equality and just noticeable difference values. The point of subjective equality is the body size which is subjectively equal to the child's perception of self. The just noticeable difference is the amount of change in body size necessary to detect the difference 50% of the time. Acceptable size boundaries were also measured, using the method of adjustment. Over-all, children were accurate in estimating their body width, with average overestimation of less than 2%. Overestimation decreased within each age group during the three years of the study. There were no differences between ages or sexes. Both point of subjective equality and just noticeable difference values decreased significantly during the three years of the study. The latter values significantly decreased as children became older. Body dissatisfaction (the discrepancy between perceived and ideal size) remained low for boys in all age groups. Girls' body dissatisfaction significantly increased across ages, beginning at age 9. Test-retest consistency of both perceived and ideal size judgments at intervals of one and two years were low. Acceptable boundaries in body width were similar between sexes and across age cohorts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Development and validation of two new scales for assessment of body-image.

This study reports the development and validation of two new and improved tools for assessment of body-image. Two schematic contour scales were created using a frontal view photograph of an adult male and female with height and weight of the median American. A 2-figure analogue scale was created by distorting this drawing by +/- 30%. A 13-card scale was created by generating 13 drawings distorted between +/- 30% by increments of 5%. Evidence is presented for the reliability and validity of both scales. The advantages of these new scales over existing figural and silhouette scales are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Methodological concerns when using silhouettes to measure body image.

This paper discusses methodological concerns of using silhouette figures to measure body images. These include concerns related to scale coarseness (limiting response options to one of a finite number of drawings), restriction of range, method of presentation, and scale of measurement. Recommendations are made to address these limitations, and an alternative silhouette scale using continuous scale measurements is proposed.

Body Image↗