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Biomedical subjects

B N Ndosi

Publications and source records attributed to B N Ndosi.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Myelography with Omnipaque (Iohexol) using basic radiographic facilities: the main adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE: Documentation of main adverse effects, their magnitudes and relationship to contrast concentrations in patients subjected to myelography under basic radiographic facilities. Use of the acquired data for better patient management in the future. DESIGN: In a prospective double blind study consecutive admitted neurological patients of age range seven to 77 years were subjected to myelography with different concentrations of Omnipaque (300* cervical, 240* thoracic and 180* lumbar) under limited radiographic facilities by radiologists (cases). Thirty admitted patients of about the same age range with justified medical problems were subjected to diagnostic lumbar puncture by different physicians (controls). The main adverse effects were assessed in both groups (subjects) by a neuro-physician unaware of subject status. Patients primarily admitted to the hospital with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and convulsions and subjected to lumbar puncture were excluded from the study. SETTING: Cases and controls were derived from patients referred from variable regional hospitals scattered throughout the country. SUBJECTS: 110 consecutive neurological cases referred to the Radiology Department for myelography between December 1989 and January 1991. Thirty consecutive qualifying diagnostic lumbar puncture patients managed at the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of symptoms including headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and convulsions and evaluation of their magnitude subjectively quantitated from mild (+) and moderate (+2) (tolerable) to severe (+3), (intolerable) among the cases and controls. RESULTS: Overall, symptoms in all magnitudes (mild to severe) occurred in 63.6pc of cases compared to 36.7pc of controls (p < 0.05). Concentrations of 300 and 180 were more associated with the effects (p = 0.017 and 0.016 respectively) while the 240 concentration was relatively safe causing no more adverse effects than a diagnostic lumbar puncture (p = 0.137). In severe magnitudes (intolerable) the same effects occurred in 20.9pc of cases compared to 6.7pc of controls (p < 0.05); differences in contrast concentrations did not significantly feature (p = 0.59: Omnipaque 300; p = 0.063: Omnipaque 240 and p = 0.061; Omnipaque 180). CONCLUSION: Even with limited radiographic facilities, myelography with Omnipaque 240 is relatively safe; being associated with no more adverse effects than a medical diagnostic lumbar puncture; thus the contrast concentration of choice for myelography under sub-optical radiographic set up. With the 180 and 300 concentrations, the procedure is associated with tolerable adverse effects not significantly differing from those arising from the same procedure performed under ideal radiodiagnostic establishments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Chest radiography and beta-2-microglobulin levels in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive African patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

To examine the relationship between radiographic features, serum beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-M) levels, results of sputum-smear microscopy and outcome, we performed a retrospective study of 99 HIV-seropositive and 162 HIV-seronegative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Radiographic features of primary TB were more common and features of postprimary TB less common in HIV-seropositive compared to seronegative patients (50% vs 31%, p < 0.002; and 40% vs 63%, p < 0.001), respectively). HIV infection had a strong independent effect on the beta-2-M levels. Among HIV-infected patients radiographic findings of primary TB were significantly more often associated with beta-2-M levels of > 4 mg/l than features of postprimary TB (71.1% vs 44.4%, p < 0.02). In patients with features of postprimary TB, acid-fast bacilli were more often detected in sputum smears than in patients with primary TB (65% vs 47%, p > 0.05, in HIV-seropositive patients; and 63% vs 31%, p < 0.001) in seronegative patients). The observed mortality was too low to identify radiographic predictors of survival. We conclude that HIV-infected patients with features of primary pulmonary TB are likely in an advanced stage of HIV infection and deserve close supervision during anti-tuberculous therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1991

Radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

We tested 120 consecutive admissions with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Pre-treatment chest x-ray appearances were recorded. Seventy one patients (59%) were males and 49 (41%) were females. 43 (35.8%) patients were seropositive for HIV, and were all in the age range 16-45 years. The seropositivity for the 56 males and 44 females in the age range 16-45 years were 53 and 26 percent respectively. Atypical x-ray features were found in 21 of 43 cases compared to 15 of 57 referents (p less than 0.025). Radiographic features typical of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult were found in 73% and 51% of referents and cases respectively (P less than 0.025). Pulmonary lesions localized to the mid and or lower zones were seen in 20 percent of cases and 3.3% of referents (P = 0.01). Mediastinal and or hilar adenopathy alone or with pulmonary infiltrates occurred more frequently among cases but the results were not significant. Our findings indicate that radiological appearances of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies tend to be atypical in type of lesion and or anatomic distribution, even for patients from communities with high prevalence rates of tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗