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Biomedical subjects

B N Raghavendra

Publications and source records attributed to B N Raghavendra.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sonographic evaluation of patients with portal hypertension.

The availability of real-time sonography has facilitated its use in the assessment of patients suspected of portal hypertension. Dilatation of the portal venous system may occur in portal hypertension, and a portal vein diameter greater than 13 mm is indicative of portal hypertension with a sensitivity of about 50%. Sonographic demonstration of lack of caliber variation of the portal system has a sensitivity of about 80%. The presence of venous collaterals can be demonstrated in about 90% of patients suitable for sonography. The coronary gastroesophageal varices can be seen in 90% when they are large sized, and in 65% when they are small sized. Other collaterals such as umbilical vein, duodenal varices, and gastrorenal and splenorenal varices can be detected. Sonography is a valuable screening procedure in the evaluation of portal hypertension and provides valuable information regarding the size and morphology of the liver and spleen, caliber and patency of the portal venous system, and the existence and location of the varices.

Collateral Circulation↗
PubMed1982

Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: analysis by computed tomography and sonography.

The sonographic and computed tomographic findings in 3 cases of diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are presented along with correlation with the pathological specimens. The combination of the findings in sonography and computed tomography in this condition enables one to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Calyces containing pus and/or xanthomatous tissue produced low-level echoes simulating preservation or thickening of the renal parenchyma on sonography. On CT the central low attenuation areas either gave negative values representing abundant xanthomatous tissue seen on gross pathology, or measured in the water density range representing a combination of pus and less abundant xanthomatous tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute cholecystitis: sonographic-pathologic analysis.

The study was performed to assess the pathogenic basis of sonographically demonstrable changes in the gallbladder wall in acute cholecystitis in an attempt to predict the degree of inflammation and to define a set of sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Sonograms in a control group of 30 patients (group A) without biliary tract symptoms, ascites, or cholelithiasis and 24 patients (group B) with proven diagnosis of acute cholecystitis were reviewed. The histologic sections of the gallbladder wall in the cholecystitis patients were correlated with sonographic findings. None of the gallbladders showed perforation at the time of pathologic evaluation. Data failed to show a correlation between the pathologic severity of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder wall and the degree of sonographic wall thickening and wall anechoicity. Of patients with acute cholecystitis, 70% met all of the following sonographic criteria: (1) gallbladder wallthickening of 5 mm or greater, (2) gallbladder wall anechoicity, (3) gallbladder distension, as determined by an external anteroposterior width of 4 cm or greater, and (4) cholelithiasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonographic features of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: report of five cases.

The sonographic features of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder in five patients are presented. Two sonographic patterns were seen depending on whether or not the lumen of the gallbladder was visualized. In two patients the gallbladder lumen was visualized and an irregular fixed nonshadowing soft tissue mass was seen arising from the wall and projecting into the lumen. In the remaining three patients a solid mass was seen in the predicted location of the gallbladder without visualization of gallbladder lumen. Ancillary findings such as local involvement of liver and signs of biliary obstruction supported the diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of radionuclide scanning and computed tomography in metastatic lesions of the brain.

Forty-seven patients with a final diagnosis of brain metastases were studied with both computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide (RN) scanning. Fifty-three percent of these patients also underwent contrast enhanced CT. Radionuclide scanning detected 94% of the cases, while CT without contrast enhancement was positive in 89%. The addition of contrast material to the CT examination increased the total sensitivity of CT to 94% and permitted the detection of two cases that were falsely negative on RN scanning and CT without contrast. With both techniques, lesions in the cerebral hemispheres were detected more readily than infratentorial lesions. Radionuclide scanning was less sensitive than CT without contrast in the detection of multiple metastases. Contrast enhanced CT should be used in all cases of suspected cerebral metastases unless contraindicated.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal transitional cell carcinoma: sonographic and pathologic correlation.

Sonography was utilized to assess six patients with renal transitional cell carcinoma and was correlated with gross pathology in five cases. The neoplasms were seen as discrete, solid masses causing separation of the central renal sinus echoes. The echogenicity of the tumors and the renal parenchyma was similar, but the neoplasms were separated from the renal parenchyma by a linear echogenic zone of renal sinus fat. Pelvicaliceal blood clots, when markedly echogenic, could be differentiated from transitional cell carcinomas. Sonography contributed most in evaluating unilateral nonvisualized kidney or in the presence of nonfilling of the affected pelvicalices on excretory urography.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic neoplasm to the kidney studied by computed tomography and sonography.

Due to the widespread use of CT for tumor staging and diagnostic workup, the discovery of metastatic neoplasm to the kidney has become a more frequent occurrence. Nine patients with metastatic carcinoma to the kidney have been studied by CT, including six by sonography. Carcinoma of the lung was the primary tumor in eight. Bilateral renal involvement was seen in all cases. The presentation of the clinical and radiologic findings in these cases with differential diagnosis is included.

Adenocarcinoma↗