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Biomedical subjects

B Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Nilsson.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Improvement of semen and pregnancy rate after ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein: fact or fiction?

Male partners with left-sided varicoceles of 96 infertile couples were studied. Fifty-one patients were submitted to ligation of the testicular veins and 45 individuals were randomised as controls. During an observation period of 53 months (range 36 to 74 months) we found no statiscally significant improvement in the semen crude variables, the morphology or the progressive motility in the series of men submitted to surgery. The pregnancy rate was lower in those who had an excision of varicocelle.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Estimation of cerebral extraction of circulating compounds by the brain uptake index method: influence of circulation time, volume injection, and cerebral blood flow.

The Oldendorf "brain uptake index" method for estimating and characterizing the transport of circulating substances across the blood-brain barrier in the rat has been widely applied. The present study illustrates that minimizing the volume injected into the circulation to 10 microliters or less is necessary. Otherwise the flow artefacts, induced by the injected volume and the rate of injection, will influence the index. This principle is also relevant to techniques using intracarotid injections for the direct study of cerebral blood flow. The study also elucidates the need for reducing the circulation time after injection to about 5 sec, to avoid artefacts due to metabolism and back diffusion to the circulation of the substances studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and dysmenorrhea. A survey and personal clinical experience.

A survey of earlier published studies on treatment of dysmenorrhea with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors is given and personal clinical experiences are presented. The time when treatment should start in relation to the onset of bleeding is also discussed. A survey of studies published in English and Scandinavian literature yielded 532 patients. Pain relief was experienced in 64 to 100 per cent of the patients in these studies. The incidence of side-effects has generally been low but in a few studies a high incidence was reported. In the current study 34 patients with prinary dysmenorrhea completed the douule-blind, placebo controlled study on naproxen. The patients were treated for two cycles, 16 with naproxen and 18 with placebo. The mean relief score indicated a "slight to good" pain relief in the naproxen group and "no alleviation" in the placebo group. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.003). Supplementary medication was much more used in the placebo group compared to the naproxen group (p = 0.01). In the placebo group no change whatsoever was demonstrated in alleviation of interference with every-day life, whereas there was a statistically significant improvement in the naproxen group. No major side-effect was registered. Thus none of the subjects withdrew from the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical experience of naproxen in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

The effect of naproxen, Naprosyn, Syntex, in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea was studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled multicenter study. Nintyseven women, aged between 18--40 years, with severe dysmenorrhea, were treated with either naproxen, 48 women, or placebo, 49 women, for two consecutive menstrual cycles. No oral contraceptive was used. The patients were allowed to take supplementary analgesics 4--6 hours after the study drug was taken if adequate relief was not achieved. The recommended dose of naproxen was 1--2 tablets, 250 mg, as needed, with a maximum of 5 tablets daily. Medication was started at first sign of menstrual distress. Improvement was achieved in 70 per cent of the women in the naproxen group (good to excellent relief) but only in 30 per cent in the placebo group. This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). There was much more supplementary medication used in the placebo group compared to the naproxen treated patients (p less than 0.001). Fewer patients had to stay in bed, or stay at home from work or school, in the naproxen group compared to the placebo group. Few side-effects were reported and most of them belonged to the dysmenorrhea symptomatology. No side-effects could be rement according to the patients' own judgement.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The occurrence of taste buds in the palate of human adults as evidenced by light microscopy.

There is some uncertainty in the literature as to the existence of taste buds in the palate of the human adult. In those histologic studies in which the ages of the individuals have been reported, taste buds have not been found in the palates of adults, but have been found in fetuses or newborn. However, clinical studies have demonstrated taste perception in the palate of the human adult. Thus, the aim of the present study was to attempt to find taste buds in the human palate in subjects of different ages. In serial sections of selected areas of the palatal mucosa from autopsy material from individuals 0--80 years of age no taste buds could be demonstrated. However, in four of seven subjects aged 25--44 years, one or two taste buds were found in biopsies from areas of the soft palate where taste perception had been demonstrated clinically just prior to excision. Thus the present study indicates that scattered taste buds exist also in the soft palate of human adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Taste acuity of the human palate. II. Studies with electrogustometry on subjects in different age groups.

The electrical taste acuity on the hard and soft palate and the tip of the tongue was determined in 140 subjects aged 13-81 years using an electrogustometer constructed for the study. The possible influence of several variables including age, sex, wearing of a full upper denture, smoking as well as medical and social factors on the threshold values was also studied. Taste perception was demonstrated on the soft palate and on an area of the hard palate close to the junction of the hard and soft palate in most subjects. No perception of the electrical taste was found in eleven subjects (8%) on either the hard or the soft palate and in an additional 33 subjects (24%) on the hard palate alone and 2 subjects (1%) on the soft palate alone. The taste thresholds on the hard palate were very high compared to those on the soft palate and those on the tongue. Older subjects generally had higher thresholds than did younger subjects and the differences were greater for the thresholds on the hard and soft palate than for those on the tongue. No statistically significant differences in threshold values were found between women and men, denture wearers and non-denture wearers or smokers and non-smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Taste acuity of the human palate. III. Studies with taste solutions on subjects in different age groups.

The taste acuity at the midline of the hard and soft palate near their junction and, for comparison, on representative areas of the tongue was determined in 80 subjects aged 11-79 years by applying test solutions of the four basic tastes. Twenty-one subjects (26%) could identify at least one taste on the hard palate but none could recognize all four tastes. Seventy subjects (87%) could identify at least one taste on the soft palate and 37 subjects (46%) could recognize all four tastes. Taste thresholds were much higher on the hard palate than on the tongue and were in most cases higher on the soft palate than on the tongue. The ability to recognize all four tastes was less frequent in older than in younger subjects and the difference was greatest on the soft palate and least at the foliate papillae. The differences were greatest for citric acid and least for sucrose. There was a tendency to lower thresholds for women compared to men for all four tastes on all areas examined which was most pronounced on the soft palate. No differences in taste thresholds were found between denture wearers and subjects with natural dentition. Smokers had higher thresholds than non-smokers only for salt on the soft palate and the base of the tongue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A computerized semi-automatic evaluation system for quantitation of electroimmunoassays.

A fast and accurate evaluation system for quantitation of plasma proteins from electroimmunoassay plates is described. The protein concentration is determined from the height of its stained antigen-antibody precipitate by means of a coordinate digitizer connected to a COMPUCORP 445 minicomputer. The plasma protein concentration is calculated from the equation of the best second-order least square regression of data from a standard dilution curve. The values from one type of protein analysis can either be stored on a discette for future examination or printed out each day in a tabular form on a typewriter. A double evaluation of plasma concentrations from plates of two different proteins showed a coefficient of variation (CV) better than 4.5%. A correlation between values obtained by this technique and those obtained by the manual reading procedure has also been done. The correlation coefficient varied between 0.95 and 0.99 depending on the type of protein.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Coupling of cerebral metabolism and blood flow in epileptic seizures, hypoxia and hypoglycaemia.

This study examines the possibility that changes of cerebral extracellular pH (PH e) or adenosine concentration may provide coupling mechanisms of a general nautre, adjusting cerebral blood flow (CBF) to metabolic demands. Although there is considerable indirect evidence that CBF varies inversely with pHe, results obtained during the last few years indicate that large increases in flow may occur in the absence of a fall in pHe. Thus, induction of hypoxia or epileptic seizures leads to maximal increase in CBF before pHe falls or even when there is initial alkalosis due to concomitant hypocapnia. Furthermore, CBF increases in hypoglycaemia and after administration of amphetamine, two conditions unassociated with tissue acidosis. The possibility that adenosine may be a coupling factor was examined in hypoxia and during epileptic seizures in rats. In both conditions a four- to fivefold increase in CBF occurs in spite of the fact that tissue adenosine concentrations remain at or below 1 mumolkg-u. It is concluded that adenosine accumulates first when there is a perturbation of cerebral energy state with a rise in AMP concentration. It seems unlikely that adenosine, formed by breakdown of AMP, acts as a general coupling factor.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1978

Neurocirculatory analysis of potential EIAB patients.

Twelve patients with gross vascular occlusions and with infarcts demonstrated in CT were examined with regard to their hemodynamic situation. Angiography and rCBF with intra-arterial and inhalation techniques were performed. Response to increased arterial hypertension and to CO2 inhalation was tested. It is concluded that one technique alone does not provide enough information for the selection of patients suitable for EIAB operation.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1978

Vitamin E requirements of preterm infants.

Differences between feeding practices in earlier investigations prompted the present study of iron and vitamin E supplementation in breast milk fed preterm infants. A new and highly sensitive technique for quantitation of alpha-tocopherol in serum was used. Studies on 34 infants with a birth weight below 2000 g or gestational age less than or equal to 35 weeks showed that supplementation with 16.5 mg tocopheryl acetate/day from 10 days of age resulted in a significantly higher haemoglobin concentration and lower reticulocyte count at 8-10 weeks than supplementation with 1.5 mg/day (p is less than 0.05). Studies on 23 infants with a birth weight of 2000-2499 g revealed subnormal alpha-tocopherol levels in 2 of the infants given 1.5 mg tocopheryl acetate/day but there was no effect on the haemoglobin concentration at 8-10 weeks. There were no untoward effects of an early iron supplementation with 2-3 mg Fe++ (as ferrous succinate)/kg/day. It is concluded that extra supplementation with vitamin E is advisable also in breast milk fed preterm infants. A low dosage iron supplementation from 3 weeks of age is safe.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1978

B-cell activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.

The mitogenic response of blood lymphocytes from twelve patients with B-cell CLL and seven healthy controls was investigated. All patients were untreated and had a typical B-cell dominance in their peripheral blood. The patients demonstrated a scattered response pattern with a higher variance than in the control group. We demonstrated examples of stimulation of DNA-synthesis by polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) as well as inhibition. The variable pattern between the patients might result from a malignant transformation of cells originating from different lymphocyte subpopulations in different patients. Thus PBA studies of lymphocytes from CLL patients might be a valuable tool in characterizing further this clinically variable disease at the cellular level.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

The pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier dysfunction induced by severe hypercapnia and by epileptic brain activity.

The cerebrovascular permeability to protein was studied in hypercapnic rats and in rats with epileptic seizures induced by bicuculline and homocysteine. Despite the differences of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these models, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction was clearly related to the combined effects of high blood pressure and cerebral vasodilatation, thus indicating mechanical factors to be predominantly involved. The BBB changes were most frequent in central and basal regions in contrast to those induced by acute hypertension, which are most common in cortical areas.

Animals↗