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Biomedical subjects

B Norberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Norberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Yeast cell phagocytosis by mononuclear leucocytes from peripheral blood: significance of the substrate.

Lymphoprep-isolated mononuclear leucocytes (L-MNs) from peripheral blood of healthy donors were mixed with yeast cells and filmed by time-lapse microcinematography in glass chambers at +37 degrees C. The concentration of L-MNs and yeast cells was lowered so as to make directional L-MN movement (chemotaxis) a necessary condition of phagocytosis. 54 cases of phagocytosis were filmed. Only yeast cells lying immobile on the glass surface were engulfed. In addition, 11 collisions between free-floating yeast cells and glass-adherent L-MNs were noted. None of these collisions led to immediate engulfment. It is suggested that the process of phagocytosis requires prolonged leucocyte-prey contact, in the order of magnitude of 3 to 5 seconds.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1984

Adherence and phagocytosis of yeast cells by blood monocytes. Effects in vitro of a therapeutic doxycycline concentration.

The effect of a therapeutic doxycyline concentration on yeast-cell phagocytosis by blood monocytes was studied in vitro by means of a fluoresence assay. This method allows discrimination between monocyte-adherent yeast cells and ingested yeast cells. The adhesive and phagocytic capacity of 50 monocytes was measured in 16 healthy donors. Yeast-cell adherence was not influenced by doxycycline. In contrast, a slight depression of phagocytosis by doxycycline was suggested. The median difference between doxycyclin-treated and control monocytes was 30% (p = 0.07). It is reasonable to assume that a possible inhibitory effect of doxycycline on monocyte phagocytosis is negligible in healthy individuals. However, a clinically significant effect cannot be excluded in severely immuno-compromised patients.

Doxycycline↗
PubMed1984

The urine smell around patients with urinary incontinence. The production of ammonia in ordinary diapers and in diapers impregnated with copper acetate.

The foul smell of urine around patients with urine incontinence is thought to be due mainly to the production of ammonia from urea by bacterial ureases. The production of ammonia was thus measured by infrared spectrophotometry in control diapers and in test diapers impregnated with copper acetate (CA), after use by urine-incontinent patients with persistent bacteriuria. The CA-impregnated diapers produced significantly less ammonia than the control diapers. The CA-impregnated diapers were not bactericidal, however. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the smell reduction of the CA-impregnated diapers is due to a bacteriostatic action or an inhibition of bacterial ureases by CA.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The effect of a therapeutic doxycycline concentration on polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration in vitro.

Tetracyclines, and especially doxycycline, have been reported to inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration. The effect of a therapeutic doxycycline concentration (4.33 micrograms/ml) on PMN migration in vitro was tested with the leading-front technique. No significant effect could be demonstrated on PMN chemokinesis and chemotaxis. It is thus concluded that the effect of therapeutic doxycycline concentrations on PMN migration is negligible. This conclusion has a bearing upon the choice of antimicrobial therapy.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1983

Joint fluid leukocytosis of patient with rheumatoid arthritis Computer analysis of possible explanative factors.

The relationship between joint fluid leukocytosis and some clinical and laboratory parameters (disease duration, ESR, maximal titres of rheumatoid factor and of antinuclear factors, blood leukocytosis and sex) was studied in 27 consecutive patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The concentration of leukocytes was significantly higher in the synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Variations of joint fluid leukocytosis could, however, not be explained by disease duration, actual ESR, maximal rheumatoid factor or antinuclear factor titres, concentration of blood leukocytes, or sex. It is suggested that a possible correlation between joint fluid leukocytosis and the listed parameters of rheumatoid arthritis may be too complex for analysis by a linear multiple regression model in samples of the present size.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Joint fluid leukocytosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis evidence for neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in vivo.

The cell picture of the synovial fluid of fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied in smears contrasted with the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. The cytology was dominated by neutrophils, many with signs of necrobiosis. The mononuclear cells displayed signs of proliferation and differentiation. Comparison with the immobile erythrocyte provided evidence that the accumulation of leukocytes in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was due to active leukocyte migration, presumably stimulated random movement and chemotaxis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1983

The spontaneous variation of catheter life in long-stay geriatric inpatients with indwelling catheters.

The spontaneous variation of catheter life, i.e. the time in days between catheter changes, was observed in 20 long-stay geriatric inpatients with initially short catheter lives. The study ran for 6 months. The catheter regimen was standardized throughout the study. The intra-individual and inter-individual catheter lives showed considerable variation. Each patient retained his individual pattern of catheter life. It is concluded that, despite the variation of isolated catheter lives, the median value of repeated observations of catheter life provides a reliable parameter of catheter function.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The role of the MA-sensitive leukocyte chemotaxis in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized double-blind clinical trial of griseofulvin treatment.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis is thought to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. PMN chemotaxis is in part sensitive to microtubule antagonists (MAs), e.g. colchicine. The antimycotic antibiotic griseofulvin inhibits the MA-sensitive PMN chemotaxis in vitro in concentrations far below those obtained in serum during antimycotic therapy. The role of the MA-sensitive chemotaxis in rheumatoid arthritis could thus be elucidated by a clinical trial of griseofulvin treatment. Griseofulvin (n = 20) was tested in a randomized double-blind study versus placebo (m = 19) during one year in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of mild-moderate activity. No beneficial effect of griseofulvin treatment was noted on clinical symptoms or laboratory parameters of rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, the placebo-treated patients showed more improvement than the griseofulvin-treated patients. It is therefore suggested that the MA-sensitive chemotaxis plays a reparative role in the inflammatory lesions of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of serial bone X-ray examination in multiple myeloma.

Fifteen patients with multiple myeloma stage III were treated with a combination of cytostatics and plasmapheresis in a sequential trial running for 60 weeks. Thirteen patients showed clinical improvement and ten a reduction of their myeloma protein by at least 50%. Bone X-ray examination was performed every 15 weeks. Progression of bone lesions was seen in one patient, whereas the radiographic picture was unchanged in the others. It is concluded that bone X-ray, although essential in the diagnosis and staging of multiple myeloma, is not suitable for the monitoring of patients during treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The bacteriuria in long-stay geriatric inpatients with an indwelling catheter.

Long-stay geriatric inpatients with an indwelling urinary catheter are harassed by foul-smelling urine, urine leakage, and frequent catheter blockages. It is reasonable to assume that catheter-induced bacteriuria plays an essential role in the catheter problems of these patients. An attempt to reduce the catheter-induced bacteriuria was made by the introduction of a latex catheter coated with a layer of copper metal. The antibacterial properties of the copper-coated catheters studied were, however, insufficient, probably due to too small amount of copper on the catheter. The copper layer was dissolved from the catheter in a few days. The effective time of copper treatment thus became too short.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The cytology of joint exudates in rheumatoid arthritis. Morphology and preparation techniques.

The cytology of joint exudates from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was examined by preparation of air-dried smears; a procedure that involved cytocentrifugation of synovial fluids following dilution in a balanced salt solution containing albumin. This procedure provided a monolayer of homogeneously distributed exudate cells with excellent preservation of morphological details. The dominant cell type in the exudates was polymorphonuclear leukocytes, often with signs of necrobiosis. The small and medium-sized mononuclear cells were lymphocyte-like and vital-looking. The large mononuclear cells displayed signs of extensive phagocytosis, especially phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is suggested that the granulocytes of the synovial fluid are cells which have reached their function compartment, where they work and die.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

Antitubulin activity of vinblastine and vincristine. Clinical implications of the radial segmentation test.

The antitubulin activity of vinblastine and vincristine was compared by means of the radial segmentation test. Vinblastine was found to have antitubulin activity at least 6 times higher than that of vincristine. It is concluded that, if the differential indications for vinblastine or vincristine are balanced, it may be decisive for clinical treatment that more antitubulin activity can be administered as vinblastine than as vincristine.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1980

Ethical problems in feeding patients with advanced dementia.

Aged patients with dementia if not stricken by an acute disease sooner or later approach a terminal phase that is distinguished by a failure of spoon feeding. This condition induces great anxiety in the workers who care for these patients. The interaction between patient and care-worker during spoon-feeding failure is described by the psychological model of double-binding. Two serious consequences of double-binding are the distancing of the care-workers from the patient and scapegoating among the care-workers. It is essential that the pressure of double-bindings in the wards should be reduced.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Ethical conflicts in long-term care of the aged: nutritional problems and the patient-care worker relationship.

The patient-care worker relationship was analysed by observation and unstructured group discussion in four long-stay somatogeriatric wards at Saint Lars Hospital. Investigation centred on patients entering the terminal phase who could no longer be spoon-fed. The relationship was complicated and reciprocal, and failure by the care worker to interpret her role and the dying patient's behaviour correctly led to emotional conflict and double-binding, with resultant anxiety for both herself and the patient. Infusions and tube-feeding prescribed in such cases were given not for the patient's benefit but to relieve anxiety in care workers and relatives. Permitting the patient a natural, painless death from water deficiency may be preferable to prolonging pain and discomfort by intervening with infusion and tube-feeding.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Randomized double-blind study of prophylactic methenamine hippurate treatment of patients with indwelling catheters.

Catheterized patients with heavy bacteriuria and short catheter life received a short-course of antimicrobial therapy and then were allocated at random to double-blind treatment for 5 months with methenamine hippurate (MH), 1 g three times daily, or placebo 1 g 3 times daily. MH treatment reduced the number of catheter blockages and instances of spontaneous removal of the catheter, and doubled catheter life (p less than 0.001). It is suggested that the doubled catheter life was due to the reduced bacteriuria and lowering of urinary pH.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The glutaraldehyde-fixed cytocentrifuge-prepared urine sediment in the evaluation of urinary tract infection. The significance of pyuria.

During antibiotic-treated urinary tract infection in non-catheterized geriatric inpatients, bacteriuria disappeared within 1-2 days. Pyuria, on the other hand, disappeared within 4-7 days. After withdrawal of antibiotic therapy, bacteriuria reappeared quicker than pyuria. It is suggested that the time lag between bacteriuria and pyuria is due to the fact that bacteriuria reflects bacterial invasion into the urinary tract, whereas pyuria reflects the inflammatory response of the urinary tract.

Aged↗