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Biomedical subjects

B Novaković

Publications and source records attributed to B Novaković.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Quantitative analysis of gallbladder function using quantitative dynamic radionuclide cholecystography].

The aim of the study is to demonstrate general function of the cholecyst through selected quantitative parameters derived from the quantitative radionuclide cholecystography method, using our own computer software HIDATA, and to evaluate values of specific quantitative parameters in 15 patients presenting with chronic calculous and 15 with chronic acalculous cholecystitis. A control group comprised 10 subjects with no changes on the cholecyst. Of four quantitative parameters calculated during cholecyst filling, the only significant one was the ascending segment slope of the curve from specific ROI, that is, K1 derived from it, because it shows its functional status, depending on the changes in its wall and the lumen content. The most significant parameters which maintain motor function of the cholecyst are ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER) which are always decreased in chronic cholecystitis, regardless of the presence of calculosis and the number of calculi in the lumen. The ejection fraction is especially decreased in the multiple sclerosis group; it is significantly decreased when compared with acalculous chronic cholecystitis. Our results indicate that a selection of parameters used in clinical practice for the assessment of the cholecyst function is necessary. Our program HIDATA included a large number of parameters of which three were classified as important for the assessment of the cholecyst function (K1, EF, ER), reflecting the process of filling and emptying of the cholecyst and offering reliable and valuable data for the treatment.

Cholecystitis↗
PubMed1991

[The lipoprotein status in persons with borderline glucose tolerance impairment before and after a reducing diet].

The well known association between non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is one of the leading causes of high incidence and mortality for cardiovascular disease of diabetic patients. For auspicious and effective treatment of NIDDM and its complications, secondary prevention, that is, an early detection, plays a major role. At the same time high concern should be given to the benefits of early detection and treatment of atherogenic HLP at early stages of diabetes mellitus, for their occurrence in borderline impairment of glucose tolerance (G-OGT) is still evasive. The investigation on the occurrence and incidence of HLP in G-OGT was carried out in 576 adults (310 men and 266 women) with recently detected G-OGT. The results were compared with those obtained in the non-G-OGT group (50 men and 52 women). Values of total LDL cholesterol as well as triglycerides in the blood of the subjects of either sex highly exceeded recommended values and were higher than in the controls. HDL cholesterol was significantly decreased while the values of the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and total triglycerides were significantly higher. Atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia was evidenced in 52.58% of men and 50.75% of women with G-OGT and in 36.00% of men and 32.69% of women with normal G-OGT. After a one-year dietetic regimen all the lipid parameters evidently improved in both men and women, while the incidence of atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia fell to 40.82% of the men and 31.32% of the women.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Brain plasticity after corpus callosum transection in the newborn rat.

The importance of afferent fibers in the final shaping of the central nervous system has been well established in several papers. In order to study how much one can influence cortical development by changing afferent input to the cortex cerebri, we transected corpus callosum in rats at 2 or 3 postnatal days. Equal numbers of lesioned and control animals were transcardially perfused with mixed aldehydes at postnatal day 6 (P-6) or P-14. Brain tissue was processed for Golgi impregnation, Nissl stain, and quantitative electron microscopic analysis. Morphometric image analysis (MOP 3) of the primary sensory area did not show significant differences with respect to cortical depth and total and apical dendritic length. The cross-sectional area and maximal diameter of neuronal cell bodies were smaller in P-14-lesioned animals. Ultrastructural analysis of the cortex revealed that synaptic density was not reduced in lesioned animals. In conclusion, early in development, rat brain can compensate for major changes in the commissural afferent system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Retroperitoneal hematoma].

Diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal haematoma is the problem of controversy in actual moment. It appears most frequently in the range of polytrauma or various traumas of abdomen and retroperitoneal organs. Here we report our experience in management of retroperitoneal haematoma. During the ten year period (from 1979 to 1986) we treated surgically, at the department for surgery, 58 injured patients with retroperitoneal haematoma. In 5 cases explorative laparotomy was done, and in other 53 cases there were injuries of intraabdominal and retroperitoneal organs. The haematomas were caused by the ruptures of spleen, liver, kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, small bowel with mesenterium, large bowel, bladder, retroperitoneal large blood vessels and pelvic fractures. In 17 cases retroperitoneal haematoma was associated with the injury of one organ. In 36 cases there were injuries of two or more organs. Retroperitoneal haematoma was caused by blunt trauma in most cases. During the management there were some diagnostic difficulties. In diagnosis we use: clinical status, of patients, radiography, angiography, ultrasonography, but the most secure was laparotomy. There are two treatment approaches, operative and conservative. Retroperitoneal haematoma was a consequence of ruptured solid organs and retroperitoneal blood vessels, and associated with injuries of intraperitoneal organs. All this, mentioned above, is the reasons for detailed exploration of abdominal cavity.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of compression of vascular structures at the level of the upper thoracic outlet].

In order to determinate place of compression and degree of haemodynamic disturbance we examined 34 patient and 30 asymptomatic volunteers. By duplex scan we studied retroscalenal part of subclavian artery. Using real-time (B-mode) imaging we founded significant reduction of lumen diameter of subclavian artery during Adsonś, manoeuvre in 51% of cases. We examined haemodynamic changes during Adsonś, costoclavicular and hyper-abduction manoeuvre and found significant changes in linear blood velocity, reduction of blood flow and turbulence in 91% of cases. Adsonś manoeuvre was positive in 52%, costoclavicular in 29% and hyper-abduction (to 90 degrees) in 19% of cases. Place of compression we founded in 82% of cases by duplex ultrasonography prospectively, but using other methods respectively we located compression in 91% of cases.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in the population of the town of Novi Sad].

INTRODUCTION: Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity are dominant health problems in general population resulting in high incidence and prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Obesity (especially with central fat distribution), insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, dyslipoproteinemia and cardiovascular diseases are the main components of metabolic syndrome--Syndrome X. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Frequency of metabolic disorders characteristic for syndrome X are determined in a representative sample of Novi Sad town (1600 persons of both sexes, aged 25-64, of all professional levels). The response was 79.37%, so the sample included 1270 persons, in whom the following examinations were performed: history data, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body mass index, weist to hips ratio), physical examination, blood pressure, biochemical analysis (fasting glycemia, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides). THE AIM: The aim of this research was to establish the frequency of obesity, types of obesity, glycemic status, disorders of glucose metabolism, disorders of lipid metabolism, frequency and type of hypertension, measurement of insulinemia and finally frequency of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The sample included 1270 persons. Among them 45.41% males and 32.64% females are obese. Extremely obese are 19.70% males and 27.12% females. W/H index > 1.0 was determined in 9.18% males while 48.82% females have W/H index 0.8-1.0. Fasting hyperglycaemia is present in 30.22% males and 20.86% females. Serum cholesterol > 5.20 mmol/l is determined in 74.96% males and 72.24% females. Arterial hypertension is diagnosed in 29.88% males and 23.40% females. In 82.75% persons of both sexes, aged 25-64, pathologic values among some of the followed-up characteristics are detected. In our sample syndrome X was suspected in 13.62% persons of both sexes (probability 50%) while 86.38% persons of both sexes are without risk for syndrome X (probability 70%). The best characteristic for dividing these two groups is W/H index (discriminatory coefficient 0.39). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In obese persons, especially in central obese persons, an active search for metabolic disorders which are present in syndrome X should be performed, because in that case measures of primary prevention can be applied.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transplantation of nigral and adrenal tissue into the striatum in rats--an experimental model for the surgical treatment of Parkinson disease].

Transplantation of fetal nigral tissue, fetal and adult adrenal tissue into the dorsal segment of caudate nucleus was performed in 28 rats (wistar). Ventral mesencephalon of fetuses aged 16-17 weeks was used as a nigral graft. Adrenal medulla was taken from fetuses aged 17-20 weeks and from adult rats. In 12 rats denervation of striatum was previously performed. In six of them the lesion was made by mechanical cut of nigrostriatal pathway and in other six by 6-OH DA injection into ventral mesencephalon, according to previously established coordinates. Tissue pieces of 1 mm3 were placed in previously prepared cavity trough the cortex and corpus callosum into the dorsal surface of the caudate nucleus. In two rats transplantation was performed 4 weeks after preparing the cavity. By determining the level of DA and NA 2-3 weeks after transplantation the authors found that the graft substitutes a deficit of these monoamines in this period. In all cases with denervated striatum, the reduction of motor disorders occurred immediately after transplantation. Survival of intracaudate fetal cell grafts was noted in 23%, as well as the fatal and adult adrenal medulla grafts in 38,9% of biochemically studied cases.

Adrenal Medulla↗