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Biomedical subjects

B Nygaard

Publications and source records attributed to B Nygaard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Long-term effect of 131I therapy of multinodular non-toxic goiter].

The aim of this study was to investigate the long term effect of 131I treatment on thyroid function and size in patients with non-toxic multinodular goitre. The subjects were 69 consecutive patients with multinodular non-toxic goitre selected for 131I treatment and followed for a minimum of 12 months. Outcome measures were standard thyroid function variables and ultrasonically determined thyroid volume before and after treatment. Fifty-nine patients were treated with a single dose of 131I, 12 with two doses, and one with four doses. In 45 patients treated with one dose who remained euthyroid the median thyroid volume was reduced from 73 (interquartile range 50-106) ml to 29 (interquartile range 23-48) ml at 24 months. The median reduction was 40 (22-48) ml, half of which occurred within three months. Patients treated with two doses as well as those developing hypo- or hyper-thyroidism also had a significant reduction in thyroid volume. Eleven patients developed hypothyroidism (cumulative five year risk 22%). Side effects were few. In conclusion we find that 131I treatment of multinodular non-toxic goitre is an attractive alternative to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Who counsels young people on contraception?].

In October 1989 a representative sample consisting of 359 women (response rate = 77.9%) and 400 women (response rate = 76.3%) aged 16-20-years old was interviewed by the professional interviewer staff of the Institute for Social Research. The purpose of the investigation was to illustrate whether AIDS and "Safe sex"-campaigns have influenced young people. This paper deals with data about contraceptive counselling. The majority (284 (79.1%) among women and 270 (67.5%) among men) would attend the general practitioner for contraceptive guidance. The public Contraceptive Guidance Clinics are considered an alternative source of service. In all, 38.2% of females and 29.3% of males knew of the existence of a clinic. This knowledge was not associated with age or education of the respondent. Among men information about the clinic was associated with sexual experience. Schools appear to be an effective channel of information. In the county of Ribe more than 80% among both sexes knew th public clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Long-term follow-up of thyroid scintigraphies after 131I therapy of solitary autonomous thyroid nodules.

The aim of the present study was to assess thyroid scintigraphies after 131I treatment of autonomous thyroid nodules with respect to evolution of the hot nodules as well as the extranodular tissue. A 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy was carried out 1-16 years (median 8 years) after 131I treatment of a solitary autonomous nodule in 66 patients remaining euthyroid. At the time of diagnosis, 9 of the patients were euthyroid and 57 were hyperthyroid, of whom 27 received antithyroid drug therapy prior to 131I treatment. The scintigraphies were evaluated twice by 4 specialists (3 endocrinologists and 1 specialist in nuclear medicine). There was total agreement between the 4 observers in 50 and 52% in the first and second evaluation, respectively. The interobserver variation was evaluated by means of omega coefficients and omega ranged from 0.18 to 0.76 indicating poor to substantial agreement. A solitary autonomous nodule with suppression of the extranodular thyroid tissue persisted in 50% of the patients, whereas a solitary cold nodule, homogeneous uptake or inhomogeneous uptake was found in 15, 22, and 13%, respectively. We conclude that although euthyroidism is achieved by radioiodine treatment, a hot nodule suppressing the 99mTc pertechnetate in the extranodular tissue is still found in 50% of the patients even when serum TSH has been normal for years. Antithyroid drug therapy prior to 131I treatment was more frequent in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Acute changes in thyroid volume and function following 131I therapy of multinodular goitre.

OBJECTIVE: Many textbooks claim that radioiodine (131I) treatment should be given with care to a goitre with substernal extension, for fear of acute swelling of the gland and thus respiratory problems. Since 131I is used increasingly in the treatment of non-toxic as well as toxic goitre we have evaluated the acute changes in thyroid volume following 131I therapy. DESIGN: Evaluation of potential acute changes in thyroid volume and function after 131I treatment in patients with non-toxic goitre treated because of compression symptoms or for cosmetic reasons, as well as in patients with toxic goitre. PATIENTS: Out-patients with multinodular goitre, either non-toxic (n = 20) or toxic (n = 10). Excluded were patients with a substernal goitre. MEASUREMENTS: Ultrasonically determined thyroid volume and standard thyroid function variables were investigated before and 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after treatment. RESULTS: In non-toxic goitres the thyroid volume did not increase significantly, the maximum increase in the median volume being 4% on day 7. Serum levels of free T3 and free T4 indices increased by 20% (day 7) and 13% (day 14) (P = 0.002), respectively. Likewise thyroid volume in toxic nodular goitre did not change significantly after 131I treatment (maximum median increase was 2%). None of the patients presented symptoms of tracheal compression. CONCLUSIONS: 131I treatment of non-toxic as well as toxic multinodular goitre does not seem to increase thyroid volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Radioiodine treatment of multinodular non-toxic goitre.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long term effect of radioactive iodine on thyroid function and size in patients with non-toxic multinodular goitre. DESIGN: Consecutive patients with multinodular non-toxic goitre selected for radioactive iodine treatment and followed for a minimum of 12 months (median 48 months) after an intended dose of 3.7 MBq/g thyroid tissue corrected to a 100% uptake of iodine-131 in 24 hours. PATIENTS: 69 patients with a growing multinodular non-toxic goitre causing local compression symptoms or cosmetic inconveniences. The treatment was chosen because of a high operative risk, previous thyroidectomy, or refusal to be operated on. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Standard thyroid function variables and ultrasonically determined thyroid volume before treatment as well as 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and then once a year. RESULTS: 56 patients were treated with a single dose of 131I, 12 with two doses, and one with four doses. In 45 patients treated with one dose and remaining euthyroid the median thyroid volume was reduced from 73 (interquartile range 50-106) ml to 29 (23-48) ml at 24 months in the 39 patients in whom this was measured during follow up. The median reduction was 40 (22-48) ml (60% reduction, p < 0.0001), half of which occurred within three months. Patients treated with two doses as well as those developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism had a significant reduction in thyroid volume. Eleven patients developed hypothyroidism (cumulative five year risk 22%, 95% confidence interval 4.8% to 38.4%). Side effects were few: three cases of hyperthyroidism and two cases of radiation thyroiditis. Only one patient was dissatisfied with the result; she was referred for operation six months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial reduction in thyroid volume accompanied by a low incidence of hypothyroidism and few side effects makes the use of radioactive iodine an attractive alternative to surgery in selected cases of non-toxic multinodular goitre.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The clientele at a clinic of occupational medicine--a medical statistical review].

To elucidate changes over time in the patient clientele examined at the department of occupational medicine, Aalborg Sygehus Nord, in the period 1982-1991, 4956 registrations related to referral and examination were studied in a retrospective investigation. The number of patients working at the time of examination has been steadily declining during the period. The number of patients with toxic encephalopathy is declining, while the number of patients with diseases in the musculoskeletal system is growing. Pregnant women with possible risk in the occupational environment and patients with cancers and mental illness form only a small part of the patient clientele in this department of occupational medicine. It is concluded that there have been changes in the patient clientele in the period 1982-1991. The small number of occupied patients diminishes the possibilities of replacement in work. Shorter periods of sickness and better possibilities for rehabilitation are expected to improve the situation in such a way, that the department of occupational medicine will be involved in health problems in the occupational environment in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid volume and morphology and urinary iodine excretion in a Danish municipality.

In order to throw light upon the eventual need for iodine supplementation in Denmark, four age groups of women (15, 30, 45 and 60 years) from the Holbaek municipality were invited for a clinical and ultrasound study of thyroid volume, structure and function. Of the 570 women invited, 391 accepted and were divided into the following groups: group I: 15 years, N = 113; group II: 30 years, N = 100; group III: 45 years, N = 98; group IV: 60 years, N = 80. The results were as follows the thyroid gland was palpable in 39% and visible in 16% of the entire group; 19% had a family history of thyroid disorders and 7.6% had a previous thyroid disorder. Thyroid volumes (median (range)) as measured by ultrasound were 12 ml (4-29 ml), 18 ml (5-47 ml), 18 ml (7-64 ml) and 18 ml (9-51 ml) in groups I-IV, respectively. The calculated 24-h iodine excretion was 65 micrograms (19-365 micrograms), 88 micrograms (15-274 micrograms), 97 micrograms (40-737 micrograms) and 83 micrograms (50-999 micrograms) in groups I-IV, respectively. An abnormal echo structure was present in 3, 10, 21 and 30%, respectively. Defining a goitre as a thyroid volume above 28 ml indicated a goitre prevalence of 17% in females aged 30-60 years in the Holbaek area of Denmark. Among the 60-year-old women, 3% had a clinically significant goitre (WHO grade III). Thyroid volume did not correlate with iodine excretion. The benefit of iodine supplementation is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

C-reactive protein: a new rapid assay for managing infectious disease in primary health care.

Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement has become increasingly valuable as a test for rapid diagnosis of infections in hospital medicine. CRP has not obtained the same importance in primary health care. This has, at least partly, been due to methodological difficulties, with no simple or rapid tests with quantitative results available. A new immunometric semi-quantitative assay, NycoCard CRP, has recently been developed. CRP was analysed at the local health centres by the new assay in 288 consultations where patients came because of infections. Parallel CRP values were obtained by an established reference method. The two procedures had an acceptable correlation (r = 0.85). The primary care doctors also registered the clinical information they obtained from each CRP result. CRP was helpful in indicating the presence, or absence of bacterial infection in more than half the consultations due to new infections. CRP was thought to yield more clinical information than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in almost every case.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed1990

[Knowledge about alcohol and alcohol drinking habits in the 7th and 9th grades. A questionnaire study in the county of Roskilde].

A total of 4,044 pupils in the seventh and ninth grades in the County of Roskilde participated in a questionnaire investigation. Approximately 1/10 of the pupils in the seventh grade and approximately 1/3 in the ninth grade drank alcohol once a week or oftener. The majority misapprehension that their peers drank much more often than was indeed the case was striking: in the seventh grade a factor 4 and in the ninth grade a factor 2. In the ninth grade, 0.5% drank alcohol daily and 11.5% a couple of times a week. 3.3% in the ninth grade and 0.5% in the seventh grade took more than ten drinks a week. 34.5% in the ninth grade and 4.9% in the seventh grade drank three or more drinks per week. The number who felt excluded from the community if they did not drink varied from 0 to 20% from school to school. Teaching about alcohol is important. It is, however, also important that, despite stringent economy, efforts are made to capture young peoples interests in a healthy manner in their everyday life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Tobacco, hashish--knowledge and habits in schools].

A questionnaire investigation was carried out among pupils in the seventh and ninth grades of schools in the County of Roskilde in 1988-1989 to eluciate their knowledge and habits where tobacco and hash were concerned. A total of 4,044 pupils replied to the questionnaire. The investigation was anonymous. 5.7% of the pupils in the seventh grade and 9.7% of the pupils in the ninth grade stated that they smoked daily. At parties, 15.6% of the 13-year-olds and 35% of the 15 year-olds smoke. 0.5% of the 13 year-olds and 35% of the 15 year-olds smoke. 0.5% of the 13 year-olds and 44% of the 15 year-olds smoke more than ten cigarettes daily. 2.4% of the pupils in the seventh grade and 12.8% of those in the ninth grade had tried smoking hash. Differences were found between various municipalities and various schools. A total of 1.3% of the 15 year-olds are considered to be regular users of hash. The number of young tobacco smokers is still high and is probably influenced by the attitudes of parents, siblings and peers. Attempts to reduce the numbers of young smokers and to involve the parents in the problem are important. The number of hash smokers is alarming as these adolescents may obtain stronger drugs through the same channels as they obtain hash. It is important that all persons involved in youth welfare should combine their activities in combating these dangers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Drugs, narcotics--knowledge and habits in schools].

During the school session 1988/1989, the school doctors in the County of Roskilde carried out a questionnaire investigation among 4,004 pupils in the seventh and ninth classes about their knowledge, habits and attitudes to euphorising drugs. The questionnaire investigation was voluntary and anonymous and this probably contributed to the serious replies. Ten municipalities participated and the results showed that more than 50% of the pupils had employed analgesic medicine within the past three months. The consumption of medicine requiring prescription was about 2% during the same period. Medicine was obtained mainly from the parents. Approximately 6% of the pupils in the ninth grade had been offered speed while less than 1% had consumed speed. 1-4% of the pupils had attempted sniffing while only very few had tried cocaine, heroin and morphine. The need for a multidisciplinary health educational campaign concerning euphorising drugs is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of arterial thrombosis. Dosage problems in general and in the authors' experiment].

Acetylsalicylic acid is now accepted as a clinically useful drug for secondary prophylaxis against several thromboembolic complications, but there is still much controversy about the dosage. We discuss this problem, in the light of data from newly published clinical trials and of results from a pharmacological study performed by ourselves. All in all it seems reasonable to recommend 100-150 mg acetylsalicylic acid per day for prophylaxis after acute myocardial infarction. As for cerebrovascular indications, no clinical data available so far justify a dose reduction below 300 mg.

Adult↗