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Biomedical subjects

B O Onadeko

Publications and source records attributed to B O Onadeko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The effect of corticosteroid therapy on blood eosinophils and eosinophilic cationic protein in patients with acute and chronic asthma.

There is evidence that eosinophils are involved in inflammation in asthma, a correlation having been observed between blood eosinophil (B-EOS) count and pulmonary function. It has been suggested that eosinophils, and its product, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), can serve as markers of disease activity. This paper examines this hypothesis. B-EOS count, serum ECP level, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were estimated in two groups of asthmatics and controls at three visits in 4 weeks. The mean B-EOS count in acute and stable asthmatic groups was higher than in controls at presentation; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.02). Similarly, mean ECP was higher in the two groups than in controls, but with no statistically significant difference. The B-EOS count and serum ECP level within the groups fell between week 0 and week 4 because of treatment. There was positive correlation between ECP and PEF and also between B-EOS and ECP and PEF. The findings reveal that blood eosinophils reflect some degree of activity in asthmatic patients in the acute and chronic state.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Serum eosinophil cationic protein as a predictor of disease activity in acute and chronic asthma.

BACKGROUND: Eosinophils may contribute to airway hyper responsiveness in asthma through the effects of eosinophil derived granular proteins in the bronchial epithelium. Increased concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been reported in patients with acute and chronic asthma. OBJECTIVE: To examine if ECP can serve as a marker of disease activity in acute and chronic asthma patients. DESIGN: Prospective case control study. PATIENTS: Sixteen non smoking asthmatics in exacerbation (group 1); twenty two in relatively stable state (group 2); and sixteen normal control subjects (group 3) were recruited into the study. SETTING: Casuality and outpatients departments, Mubarak hospital, Kuwait between August 1997 and July 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean serum ECP, blood eosinophil count and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in blood eosinophil count (p < 0.01) and in PEFR (p < 0.0001). At week four, the mean ECP and blood eosinophil count fell as a result of therapy in group 1. The difference in PEFR values between week 0 and 4 in group 1 reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). In group 2 patients, the mean serum ECP, blood eosinophil count and PFER values between week 0 and 4 did not show any significant difference. A correlation was observed between ECP and PEFR in group 1 (p < 0.05) and between ECP and eosinophil count in group 2 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Serum ECP has the potential to serve as a marker for predicting and monitoring the clinical course of asthma. Further studies are required to verify these baseline findings in our environment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and atopic eczema in secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

This study was part of the effort of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee to evaluate the epidemiology of asthma and allergic diseases around the world. Three thousand and fifty eight randomly selected children aged 13-14 years were studied, using a standard questionnaire developed and field tested by the ISAAC Steering Committee, to establish the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema. Of the 3,058 children, there were 1,659 (54.3%) females and 1,399 (45.7%) males (F:M ratio 1.2:1). The cumulative prevalence rates of wheezing, rhinitis other than common cold, and symptoms of eczema were 16.4%, 54.1% and 26.1%, respectively while within the immediate 12-month period, the rates were 10.7%, 45.2% and 22.4%, respectively. However, rhinitis associated with itchy eyes (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) was reported by 39.2% of the school children. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 18.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a higher prevalence of wheezing and rhinitis was associated with itchy eyes. The prevalence of severe symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were higher when compared with a similar study in Kenya. However, the prevalence of symptoms of asthma was lower and that of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis higher in our series. There is a need for further studies to investigate the risk factors which might be responsible for the apparently different patterns in these two African countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

An open multi-centre study to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol in bronchial asthma in Nigeria.

An open multicentre clinical trial of inhaled B-agonist, salmeterol, was carried out to assess its efficacy in adult Nigerian asthmatic patients. Seventy-four patients were recruited to the trial and 64 (86.48%) completed the trials. 50mcg of inhaled salmeterol was administered to the patients twice a day over a period of 2 weeks. The patients were assessed on weekly basis, at week 1, 2 and 3 subjectively and objectively using the protocol prepared by the sponsor of the study. Salmeterol was found to reduce symptoms of asthma considerably, both at day time and at night. The patient's tolerance to exercise improved significantly. The lung function assessed using Peak Expiratory Flow Meter (PEFR) showed significant improvement. Side effects were not encountered during the duration of the study. It was conclusively shown that overall, salmeterol is effective in the management of asthma in adult Nigerian patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Skin sensitivity patterns to inhalant allergens in Nigerian asthmatic patients.

The pattern of skin sensitivity response to inhalant allergens in 746 Nigerian asthmatics and 92 normal controls tested over 10 years period is reported. Significant differences in reactions were observed in 7 of the 16 allergens routinely used in the study. House dust mite--dermatophagoides pteronyssinus gave the highest incidence of positive skin reaction, 58% asthmatics, 4.3% controls (P < 0.001). Other significant allergens were house dust 51.7%, feathers 24.4%; dog hair 12.9%, cat fur 11.9%, grass pollen 6.8% and flower pollen 6.3%. More males than females reacted to most of the allergens but this was statistically significant only for feather (P < 0.02). There was good correlation between history and skin sensitivity for most allergens. 82.3% of patients with positive skin test to D. pteronyssinus gave positive history of dust induced asthmatic attacks. Similar results were obtained for pollens: grass (86.3%), flower (83%) and feathers (57.7%). The correlation was however poor in respect of normal allergens (dog 30.6%, cat 36%). From the findings of this study there may be no point in routinely testing patients with a battery of allergens most of which may have no importance in the tropics. Attempts are however underway to incorporate local substances in skin testing materials. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist doctors who may not have access to skin test reagents in management of their asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Skin sensitivity patterns to inhalant allergens in Nigerian asthmatic patients.

The pattern of skin sensitivity response to inhalant allergens in 746 Nigerian asthmatics and 92 normal controls tested over 10 years period is reported. Significant differences in reactions were observed in seven of the 16 allergens routinely used in the study. House dust mite--dermatophagoides pteronyssinus--gave the highest incidence of positive skin reaction in 58 pc asthmatics and 4.3 pc controls (P = 0.002). Other significant allergens were house dust, 51.7 pc, feathers; 24.4 pc, dog hair, 12.9 pc, cat fur, 11.9 pc; grass pollen, 6.8 pc and flower pollen, 6.3 pc. More males than females reacted to most of the allergens but this was statistically significant only for feathers (p less than 0.02). There was good apparent association between history and skin sensitivity for most allergens. Eighty-two comma three percent of patients with a positive skin test to D. pteronyssinus gave a positive history of dust induced asthmatic attacks. Similar results were obtained for pollens; (grass, 86.3 pc, flower, 83 pc and feathers 57.7 pc.) The association was, however, poor in respect of animal allergens (dog, 30.6 pc; cat, 36 pc). From the findings of this study, there may be no point in routinely testing patients with a battery of allergens most of which may have no importance in the tropics. Attempts are, however, underway to incorporate local substances in skin testing materials. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist doctors who may not have access to skin test reagents in management of their asthmatic patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy in Ibadan: report of 6 years' experience.

This study describes 6 years' experience of flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy (FFB) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Ninety-three bronchoscopies were carried out in 83 patients. The study revealed 22 patients with primary lung malignancies, four with tuberculosis, three with secondary malignancies, three with sarcoidosis, and two with interstitial fibrosis. The yield from FFB was 44% and complications were encountered in only three patients, with no mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous pneumothorax in adult Nigerians.

A 6-year study was carried out in our hospital practice to determine the prevalence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Thirty patients with 32 episodes of pneumothorax were diagnosed. Tuberculosis was encountered in 9(30%) patients while no specific cause was found in 12(40%) patients. This study indicates that spontaneous pneumothorax is uncommon in the Nigerian, while the tuberculosis aetiology may be a pointer to the overall high prevalence of the disease in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sarcoidosis in Africans: 12 cases with histological confirmation from Nigeria.

During a 2 year-period 12 Nigerians with sarcoidosis were diagnosed at the chest and dermatology clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Intrathoracic involvement was the commonest presentation followed by the skin, lymph nodes and liver. Histological diagnosis was obtained in all cases either from skin biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, lymph node or liver biopsy where applicable. This study suggests that sarcoidosis is not as rare as previous literature on the subject portrays.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Smoking patterns in students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria.

A study of the pattern of cigarette smoking among 2317 students of both sexes attending some selected universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and schools of nursing in Nigeria was undertaken by means of questionnaires. It was observed that 436 (30%) of male students and 174 (21%) of female students smoked cigarettes. The prevalence was noted to be on the increase for female students when compared with previous studies carried out in similar institutions in Nigeria. The highest prevalence of smoking was among students from colleges of education. Over 50% of the students were mild smokers while less than 50% had exceeded a duration of 5 years of smoking. The latter finding suggests that it may still be feasible to convince a large proportion of them to stop smoking or to cut down on the number of cigarettes smoked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sarcoidosis presenting with severe haemoptysis.

Major haemoptysis is a very uncommon presentation of sarcoidosis inspite of the high rate and extent of pulmonary involvement in this disease. We report a 37-year-old Nigerian who presented with cough and weight loss and in whom haemoptysis was prominent. In developing tropical countries this mode of presentation is almost invariably due to pulmonary tuberculosis. In this case the haemoptysis was found to be due to ulcerations of nasopharyngeal granulomata due to sarcoidosis. Involvement of the upper respiratory tract in itself is an uncommon finding in sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Controlled clinical trial of three short-course regimens of chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigeria--a preliminary report.

A controlled clinical trial of daily short course (6-month) chemotherapy in newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians was carried out. The three regimens used contained streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the initial phase; and isoniazid plus rifampicin or isoniazid plus rifampicin and/or pyrazinamide in the continuation phase. Sputum culture conversion was satisfactory after 2 and 6 months of treatment and no positive cultures were found one year after treatment had been completed. Side effects were few and consisted mainly of arthralgia, possibly associated with pyrazinamide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of some Nigerian cigarettes.

Fourteen cigarette brands manufactured in Nigeria in 1981 were analysed to determine the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields. Five of the brands belonged to the high and middle to high tar category (greater than 22 mg/cigarette) and nine to the middle tar (17-22 mg/cigarette) category. None of the cigarettes was in the low to middle and low tar (less than 17 mg/cigarette) category. The nicotine and carbon monoxide yields were similar to those of European cigarettes. Tobacco companies need to manufacture low tar cigarettes in the Third World as is the practice in the economically developed parts of the world.

Carbon Monoxide↗
PubMed1982

Plasma cortisol responses to cortrosyn treatment in asthmatic children.

Treatment trial over a period of 3 months was conducted with intermittent intramuscular injections of Cortrosyn depot in fourteen children with severe and frequent asthmatic attacks. The basal plasma cortisol levels were generally high, but higher than normal in four (29%) of the patients. At a period of 24 h after the initial Cortrosyn injection was administered, plasma cortisol increases ranging between 4-52 micrograms/100 ml above the basal levels were recorded. At a period of 1 week after the end of daily injections for 1 week, increases of plasma cortisol ranging between 3-71 micrograms/100 ml above the basal levels were observed and presumed to be a reflection of an associated adrenal hypertrophy resulting from repetitive daily Cortrosyn injections. The highest increases at this stage were observed in the youngest patients with the severest asthmatic attacks, but not in their older counterparts. At the end of the trial treatment, clinical improvement was associated with lowered plasma cortisol levels compared with the elevated basal values.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Vascular lesions in tuberculosis.

4 cases of tuberculosis in which the vessels were involved are described: 1 of tuberculous adenitis and arteritis in the region of the carotid artery bifurcation; 1 of tuberculous endometritis associated with aortic pseudoaneurysms and inferior vena cava partial occlusion, and 2 of tuberculous para-aortic adenitis, 1 with complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava, and the other with miliary nodulations of the liver later demonstrated by angiogram. It is suggested that in veiw of the ubiquitous presentations and incidence of tuberculosis in this environment, more vascular studies need be done to demonstrate the frequency and the involvement of the vessels by tuberculosis in cases of tuberculosis. Furthermore, in cases of aortitis and arteritis, tuberculosis must be excluded as an etiological cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Skin sensitivity tests in Nigerians with bronchial asthma.

Skin sensitivity tests using the prick method were performed on 174 patients with bronchial asthma and 160 controls, using 20 common allergens. The results revealed a high incidence of positive skin test reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, grass and flower pollens, feathers, and some ingesta such as cow's milk and fish. The difference in the reactions between the asthmatic patients and the controls was statistically significant. The results suggest that house-dust mite allergy is the most significant factor in the aetiology of bronchial asthma in Nigerians.

Adolescent↗