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B O Onadeko

Publications and source records attributed to B O Onadeko.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Tuberculous pleural effusion: clinical patterns and management in Nigerians.

A study was carried out on 167 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. It was found that tuberculosis is the commonest cause of pleural effusion in Nigerians, forming 56% of the 300 cases which were reviewed. The clinical and radiological features are described and the characteristics of the fluid are discussed. The pleural fluid was predominantly lymphocytic in 83% of cases, the glucose concentration was less than 50 mg/100 ml in 54%, and M. tuberculosis was cultured from only 12%. Pleural biopsy was found useful in the diagnosis in 53% of cases. The management and prognosis of tuberculous effusions are briefly discussed. Six of the 167 patients died despite chemotherapy, but all of them were moribund at the time of admission to hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Daily short course (6 months) chemotherapy for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians: a preliminary report.

A trial of daily short courses (6 months) chemotherapy of previously untreated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians was carried out, using two regimens containing rifampicin. All patients had sputum conversion at 3 months, with over 90% of them being sputum-negative at 2 months. There was evidence of radiographic clearance in all the patients at 6 months. It is suggested that patients who still had extensive radiographic lesions at 6 months, though bacteriologically sterile, should have their chemotherapy extended to 9 months to reduce the chance of developing a bacteriological relapse. It was observed that the addition of streptomycin did not make any important contribution to the therapeutic success of rifampicin-isoniazid regimen. No bacteriological relapse was encountered 3 months after the cessation of chemotherapy. Rifampicin was well tolerated and toxic reactions were virtually non-existent. This study confirms the efficacy of short course regimens containing rifampicin. The regimen is advocated, especially in areas where patients' co-operation at taking the 18 month standard treatment cannot be guaranteed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Management of empyema thoracis: report of a 3-year study.

Experience with cases of empyema thoracis in Nigerian adults is reported. Twenty-seven patients with empyema diagnosed on aspiration of the chest were studied. The clinical features, the radiolographic appearance and the results of laboratory studies carried out on the patients were analysed. Micro-organisms were cultured from the pleural fluid in 41% of cases. In this study, the commonest cause of empyema was pneumonia, occurring in 48% of cases, closely followed by tuberculosis with 40%. No death was recorded among cases of empyema due to pyogenic and tuberculous organisms. This is due to increased awareness of the cause and the methods of treatment applied. The author is of the opinion that cases of tuberculous empyema are being misdiagnosed and, consequently, they are not given appropriate chemotherapy, and this might have contributed to the high mortality rate previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Observation on haematological patterns in pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians.

Twenty-one cases of pulmonary tuberculosis seen in the last two years in the chest clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were studied for their haematological patterns at diagnosis and three months after. One group was put on anti-tuberculosis drugs only while the other group was put on anti-tuberculosis drugs and oral iron. The haematological results after 3 months show a significant rise in packed cell volume (PCV) less than 0.01 in the group given oral suppliments. Megaloblastic bone marrow changes occurred in 20 per cent of the patients after 3 months. Seventy-five per cent of the patients had myeloid hyperplasia of the bone marrow at diagnosis and only one of the patients had hypoplastic marrow. It is suggested that oral iron and folate be added to anti-tuberculosis therapy in these patients as part of their management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

A case of pulmonary avleolar microlithiasis is reported. This is of especial interest as it is the first case to be reported from Africa South of the Sahara. The clinical presentation of the patient follows a similar pattern as that of cases already described by other workers. The diagnosis in this case was made in life by a combination of radiological examination and a lung biopsy. The clinical presentat on and aetiology of the condition are briefly discussed.

Calculi↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of the causes of death on the medical wards of the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a 14-year period (1960-1973).

An analysis was carried out of the mortality rate on the medical wards of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 14-year period (1960-73). A total of 4,568 cases were reviewed with an annual death rate of between 300 and 400. Most of the deaths resulted from cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, the mortality rate from which has shown no appreciable decline over the years. Death from cerebrovascular accident is steadily increasing. Infections contribute considerably to mortality from chest and alimentary tract disease, although there has been a progressive decline in mortality rates from infectious diseases such as tetanus and typhoid fever. The standard of death certification needs to be improved upon, especially with respect to the clarification of the primary and the contributory causes of death and whether post-mortem examination was carrie dout or not. It is suggested that more effort should be made to ensure that post-mortem examination is carried out in cases where there is doubt about the ante-mortem diagnosis unless such a request is specifically refused by the relatives of the deceased after explaining to them the value of such an examination to medical knowledge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Pulmonary function studies in Nigerian sportsmen.

Lung function studies in Nigerian sportsmen were performed during the Western State Sports Festival. The sportsmen comprise 259 males and 151 females. They were made up of secondary school students, University undergraduates, young clerical and technical workers and soldiers. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were performed using the wedge bellows vitalograph. The results of the investigation are presented. It was observed that the mean FVC and FEV1 values were lower than the predicted mean values of normal Nigerians when matched for age, sex, height and weight. However, the mean observed FVC value of athletes was higher than the observed FVC value of non-athletes. It was also noted that the mean FVC value of the sportsmen correlates with their sporting events, which are determined by the extent of regular and strenuous physical training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comparative trial of thiacetazone with isoniazid and paraaminosalicyclic acid (PAS) with isoniazid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians.

A comparative trial of a combination of thiacetazone 150 mg with isoniazid 300 mg in a once daily dose and that paraaminosalicyclic acid 12 gm uith isoniazid 300 mg daily in divided doses was carried out on 72 specially selected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis over a period of 12 months. The result of the trial showed that patients treated with thiacetazone/isoniazid combination responded equally favourably to therapy as the patients treated with PAS/isoniazid combination. The result of sputum conversion was similar in both groups. Radiological changes after treatment showed a significant similarity in both groups. It was observed that the thiacetazone/isoniazid combination is no more toxic than the PAS/isoniazid combination. There was no case of blood dyscrasia during the trial. Of the 72 patients who started the trial, a total of 19 (26 per cent) patients defaulted before the end of the third month. However, the remaining 53 patients (74 per cent) completed the trial, and the final analysis was based on this number. It was concluded that thiacetazone (150 mg/day) was of similar efficacy when compared with PAS (12 gm/day) as a companion drug for isoniazid (300 mg/day) in producing sputum conversion, and radiological changes in Nigerian tuberculosis patients and is therefore to be preferred because of its relative cheapness and once-a-day administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in 6- to 7-year-old Nigerian primary school children: the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in Nigerian children aged 6-7 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of selected children in primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted using phase I of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) format. Standardized questionnaires were distributed to parents and guardians of 2,325 children aged 6-7 years in 31 primary schools randomly selected among 272 in Ibadan. RESULTS: Data was collected from 1,704 children (797 boys and 907 girls; M:F ratio 1:1.14), giving a participation rate of 73.3%. Both recent rhinoconjunctivitis and wheeze were reported by 5.1%, and itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months was reported by 8.5%. The cumulative prevalences of reported symptoms of wheezing, rhinitis and eczema were 7.2, 11.3 and 10.1%, respectively. These symptoms were basically the same among the boys and girls (rhinitis 11.4 vs. 11.2%; eczema 10.7 vs. 9.5%), except for wheezing, which was higher in boys (9.0%) than girls (5.6%), p = 0.015. Current symptoms of rhinitis and atopic eczema were associated with current wheeze and severe wheezing, whereas current symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were only associated with severe wheezing attacks. One or more current symptoms occurred in 13.2% of the children, and all three symptoms were reported by 0.5%. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of atopic conditions among children 6-7 years old in Ibadan, Nigeria, with more than three fifths of the children who had current wheezing also showing symptoms of other atopic diseases. Children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were more likely to have severe wheezing attacks if they had developed atopic eczema before 2 years of age.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical patterns of diffuse parenchymal lung disease in Kuwait: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of the clinicopathological patterns of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Over a 4-year period, 75 patients (41 males, 34 females), aged 13-76 years, who were referred to Mubarak Al-Kabeer and the Chest Diseases Hospitals, Kuwait with a diagnosis of diffuse lung disease, were included in the study. After a comprehensive history and physical examination, further investigations were done, including hematological and immunological profiles, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination, chest radiograph, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function test and lung biopsy. RESULTS: Of the 75 patients 60 (80%) were over 40 years of age. The duration of symptoms in 34 patients (45%) was less than 6 months and longer than 1 year in 28 (37.7%) patients. Twenty-five of the patients were cigarette smokers. The mean forced lung capacity (FVC), total lung capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were less than 60% of the predicted values in most patients. There was a significant difference in mean FVC value between smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The HRCT findings were at an advanced stage in 65 patients, with additional honeycombing in 21 of the 65 patients. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was the most common cause of DPLD, occurring in 52 patients, followed by sarcoidosis and collagen vascular diseases. CONCLUSION: DPLD was observed predominantly in middle aged and elderly patients, due probably to increasing industrialization in the country. The role of cigarette smoking as a contributory factor remains unclear.

Adult↗