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Biomedical subjects

B Ogle

Publications and source records attributed to B Ogle.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effect of supplementation on the feed intake and performance of confined and scavenging crossbred growing chickens in Burkina Faso.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of crossbred growing chickens (Rhode Island Red x indigenous Burkina Faso hens) from 6 to 17 weeks of age, under five feeding/management regimes: (1) CMx(+), confined and given a mixed feed containing cracked maize and cowpea and a vitamin-mineral premix ad libitum; (2) CS(+), confined and offered ad libitum a choice of cracked maize and cowpea with the premix; (3) ScS(+), scavenging from 09:00 to 16:00 with the diet in treatment (2) available from 16:00 to 09:00; (4) ScS(-), treatment (3) but without the premix; and (5) ScO, scavenging only, with no supplements provided. Daily dry matter (DM) intake was highest for CS(+) (43.5 g), and lowest for CMx(+) (33.6 g) (p < 0.05), with intermediate intakes for ScS(+) and Sc(-) of 36.7 g and 36.2 g, respectively. The ratios of intakes of cowpea to maize were 50:50, 21:79, 27:73 and 22:78 for CMx(+), CS(+), ScS(+) and ScS(-), respectively (p < 0.05). Dietary concentrations of crude protein (CP) were 15.7%, 11.5%, 12.3% and 11.6% of DM for CMx(+), CS(+), ScS(+) and ScS(-), respectively. Average daily gains (ADG) were 8.15 g, 5.24 g, 6.03 g, 5.36 g and 4.45 g for CMx(+), CS(+), ScS(+), ScS(-) and ScO, respectively, and were significantly higher for CMx(+) (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was highest for CS(+) and lowest for CMx(+). ADG of the males (6.44 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the females (5.86 g). Breast and thigh muscle weights were highest for ScS(+) (p < 0.05).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

Survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets and on feeding systems as contributing risk factors in smallholdings in Central Vietnam.

A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets, and on management and feeding systems under farm conditions was carried out in Thua Thien Hue Province. Faecal samples were collected from 63 piglets without, and 90 piglets with diarrhoea to determine the occurrence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and different E. coli antigens (K88, K99 and 987P). The prevalence of diarrhoea was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (33% vs 18%) and the results indicated differences in prevalence between areas. Salmonella and E. coli were found to the same extent in faeces from piglets without and with diarrhoea. All E. coli antigens were isolated from piglets without and with diarrhoea. However, the frequency was much higher in piglets suffering from diarrhoea. In piglets with diarrhoea antigen K88 was found in 26% and 20% of the samples, antigen K99 in 37% and 24% of the samples, and antigen 987P in 31% and 32% of the samples collected in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Nutrient supply for sows and for piglets was low in comparison with feeding standards, which may be a contributory factor to the high incidence of diarrhoea in piglets. Thus, the nutrition of sows as well as piglets could be important components in the aetiology of the disease and needs to be studied further.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Scavenging pullets in Burkina Faso: effect of season, location and breed on feed and nutrient intake.

A study on scavenging local (n = 64) and crossbred (n = 64) pullets was undertaken in the dry and rainy seasons in two villages in Burkina Faso: Korea in the arid northern Sahelian region and Bounouna in the sub-humid south. After 4 weeks of scavenging, the birds were killed and the crop contents were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. Cereal grains, brans, green and dry forages, insects/worms and household leftovers were the main physical components. The proportion of cereal grains was higher in the rainy season, whereas the proportion of bran, peanut and sand/grit was higher in the dry season (p < 0.05). The proportion of kitchen waste and millet/milo grains was higher in local than in crossbred birds, whereas the opposite was the case for millet/milo bran (p < 0.05). Rice and local beer residues were not found in the crops of birds from Korea. Dry matter, ash, crude fibre and potassium contents were higher in the dry season (p < 0.05), while calculated metabolizable energy content was higher in the rainy season (p < 0.05). There were no location or breed effects on chemical composition parameters (p > 0.05), except that potassium content was higher in Korea. Mean live weight at slaughter was 806 +/- 22.0 g (local breed) and 881 +/- 22.0 g (crossbreds) (p < 0.05). Digestive organ weights, including contents, were higher for crossbred birds (p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract percentage was higher in the rainy season and in Bounouna (p < 0.05). The nutrient composition of the crop contents indicates the need for supplementation, particularly of protein, for higher levels of production.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Effect of scavenging and supplementation of lysine and methionine on the feed intake, performance and carcase quality of improved dual-purpose growing chickens.

An experiment was conducted with 192 improved dual-purpose chickens from 4 to 12 weeks of age to evaluate the effects of management system (confinement and scavenging) and amino acid supplementation (with and without lysine and methionine) of a low-protein diet on the feed and nutrient intake, performance and carcase quality of improved chickens. Mean daily dry matter (DM), crude protein and metabolizable energy intakes were higher for the confined birds (65 g, 13.3 g and 966 kJ, respectively) than for the scavenging birds (58 g, 12.0 g and 868 kJ, respectively) (p < 0.001) and higher for the unsupplemented (63.3 g, 13.0 g and 945 kJ, respectively) than for the supplemented birds (59.5 g, 12.2 g and 889 kJ, respectively) (p < 0.001). Mean DM intake was 68.0 and 54.9 g/day for the males and females (p < 0.001), respectively. Average daily weight gains (ADG) were higher for scavenging (26.9g) than for confined birds (23.9g) (p < 0.001), higher for supplemented (27.6 g) than for unsupplemented birds (23.2 g) (p < 0.001) and higher for males (27.5 g) than for females (23.3 g) (p < 0.001). Carcase, breast and thigh percentages were higher for supplemented than for unsupplemented birds (p < 0.001) and higher for scavenging than for confined birds (p < 0.001). Abdominal fat percentage was significantly lower for the scavenging treatments compared to the corresponding confined treatments (p < 0.001). Feed conversion ratios (kg feed/kg gain) and feed costs/kg gain were lower for the scavenging than for the confinement treatments, and lower for the supplemented than for the unsupplemented birds (p < 0.001). Supplementation of lysine and methionine in diets that were suboptimal in terms of protein and essential amino acids improved performance and carcase quality and reduced feed costs, in particular of the confined growers.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Utilization of ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaves as a protein supplement in diets for growing pigs.

Four diets were formulated with protein from fishmeal (FM), groundnut cake (GC), ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) leaves (SP) or ensiled sweet potato leaves with lysine (SPL). In experiment 1, 24 crossbred (Large White x Mong Cai) growing pigs were allocated randomly by sex into four groups of six pigs and given one of four diets. Experiment 2 was conducted using 16 crossbred pigs (Large White x Mong Cai) at four farms. On each farm, pigs were allocated to two experimental groups. One group was fed the FM diet and the other group the SPL diet. In experiment 1, the daily live weight gains (DLWG) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the FM and SPL treatments (542 and 536 g/day, respectively) than for the GC and SP treatments (464 and 482 g/day, respectively). Feed intake was highest (2.0 kg/day) for the SPL and lowest (1.7 kg/day) for the GC treatment (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (3.8 kg/kg gain) for SP and lowest (3.5 kg/kg gain) for FM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences for carcase measurements among diets (p > 0.05). The feed cost per kg live weight gain was lowest for the SP and SPL diets compared to the FM and GC diets. The results of experiment 2 show that there were no significant differences in feed intake, DLWG and FCR between the two diets (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves can replace fishmeal and groundnut cake in traditional Vietnamese diets for growing pigs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Effects of energy and protein supplementation on the production and economic efficiency of scavenging improved (Tamhoang) and local (Ri) breed hens under smallholder conditions in Northern Vietnam.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of supplementing maize meal and soybean meal, separately or mixed, on egg production performance of two breeds of scavenging hens under on-farm conditions. Treatments were: (1) confined, with a mixed feed (75% maize meal and 25% soybean meal) ad libitum (CMF); (2) scavenging, with a supplement of 60 g/bird per day of maize meal (ScM); (3) scavenging, with a supplement of 25 g/bird per day of soybean meal (ScS); (4) scavenging, with 54 g/ bird per day of the mixed feed (ScMF). Mean hen-day production was 21.8%, 19.8%, 17.7% and 22.8% for the CMF, ScM, ScS and ScMF treatments, respectively (p <0.05), and was significantly (p <0.001) higher for the improved Tamhoang breed (24.4%) than for the local Ri hens (16.7%). Mean egg weight was significantly higher for the Tamhoang (53.2 g) compared to the Ri hens (45.0 g) (p<0.01). Feed consumption per kilogram of eggs was significantly higher for the CMF treatment compared to the other treatments and was lower for the ScS compared to the other scavenging treatments (p <0.05). Feed cost per kilogram of eggs was lowest for the ScM treatment and was 30 to 40% higher for the confined treatment compared to the scavenging treatments. Feed consumption and cost of feed per kilogram of eggs were significantly lower for the Tamhoang than for the Ri hens.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Effects of scavenging on diet selection and performance of Rhode Island red and Fayoumi breeds of chicken offered a choice of energy and protein feeds.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of scavenging on diet selection and the comparative performance of Rhode Island Red and Fayoumi breeds of chicken. The breeds were compared under three feeding/management regimes: (1) a choice of ground noug cake and cracked maize, with confinement; (2) a choice of ground noug cake and cracked maize, but being allowed to scavenge for about 6 h; and (3) a commercial layer mash, with confinement. Scavenging did not change the pattern of diet selection. About 90% of the daily intake of both the confined and scavenging birds under choice feeding comprised maize. The efficiency of feed utilization and nutrient intake were also similar in these groups. The Fayoumi were more efficient in terms of feed conversion, although the egg production performance of the two breeds did not vary significantly. Scavenging hens had a significantly lower egg production than the birds under confinement offered a choice of feeds. Scavenging significantly increased the mortality in both breeds. In conclusion, scavenging affected the performance adversely and, despite the provision of a choice of feed providing a source of energy and protein, both the scavenging and confined birds on choice feeding failed to eat sufficient to meet their protein requirements.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Village poultry production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia.

Participatory rural appraisal (PRA), supported by checklists and intensive case studies on individual households, was carried out in three villages at three different altitudes in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The chicken production system in each village is described and the problems are discussed. More than 60% of the families kept chickens, and in most cases the women owned and managed the birds and controlled the cash from the sales. The production systems followed were mainly low-input and small-scale, with 7-10 mature birds per household, reared in the back yards with inadequate housing, feeding and health care. The average egg production per clutch was 15-20, with 3-4 clutches per year. The mean number of eggs set per bird was 12.9 +/- 2.2 (n = 160), depending on the size of the bird and season, and the hatching rate was 80.9% +/- 11.1%, range 44%-100% (n = 160). Poultry meat and eggs were generally accepted and appreciated in all three villages. In addition to the small amount of cash income they provide, scavenging chickens have nutritional, cultural and social functions. The flock composition, price of poultry and poultry products, disease outbreaks and hatching of chicks were strongly affected by season. Disease was cited as the most important problem by most of the members of the community, followed by predation, lack of feed, poor housing, insufficient water and parasites. Disease periodically decimated the flocks, and consequently, about 50% of the eggs produced were incubated in order to replace the birds that had died. The major source of loss in the system was the high mortality of chicks (61%) that occurred between hatching and the end of brooding at 8 weeks of age. The system was characterized by no or few inputs and a low output level. The major input was the cost of foundation stock, but after that virtually no cost was involved. The major source of feed for the birds was from the scavenging feed resource base, which comprised table leftovers, small grain supplements and anything edible from the immediate environment.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Aspartame effect in sickle cell anemia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the in vitro and in vivo attributes of aspartame and to determine its efficacy for treating sickle cell anemia. RATIONALE: Aspartame (l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester) binds with 2 human Bence Jones proteins. The proteins (Mcg and Sea) showed phenylalanine penetrating into hydrophobic binding sites. This aspartame property suggested a potential to interfere with sickle hemoglobin fibril formation. METHODS: For the in vitro studies, blood from 20 subjects monitored for sickle cell anemia was collected in heparinized tubes. Specimens were divided in thirds and aspartame was added to 2 tubes to yield a 1 mg/mL or 2 mg/mL concentration. Sickled cells that were present after a drop from each aliquot was added to a fresh 2% metabisulfite solution were counted 3 times. For the in vivo studies, 23 subjects from the Sickle Cell Clinic (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla) consented to participate in a randomized single-dose administration of 1.5, 3.0, or 6 mg/kg aspartame. Heparinized blood was obtained at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 1440 minutes after aspartame administration. Specimens were counted in a blinded manner by means of the technique used for the in vitro method, but a photomicrograph of 1 field from each triplicate count was made. The pictures were marked and were computer counted. RESULTS: For the in vitro studies, sickled cells decreased from 28% to < 14% when 1 mg/mL aspartame was added and decreased further with 2 mg/mL. For the in vivo studies, a decreased number of sickled cells in homozygous blood (HbSS) were observed after oral administration of aspartame. Sickling was inhibited by 6 mg/kg aspartame for at least 6 hours in 15 subjects with HbSS anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Further evaluations of the efficacy of aspartame for sickle crisis and crisis prevention appears to be warranted.

Administration, Oral↗