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Biomedical subjects

B Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to B Olsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An occipito-temporal syndrome in adolescents with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia.

The study included 16 adolescents with optimally controlled hyperphenylalaninaemia (McKusick 26160), of whom six did not require treatment according to conventional criteria. All except the two patients with lowest median serum phenylalanine level throughout childhood (most values at 200-300 mumol/L) had white matter abnormalities detectable with magnetic resonance imaging. The lesions were particularly prominent in the watershed regions between the posterior and middle cerebral arteries. In most patients with moderate or severe hyperphenylalaninaemia frontal white matter lesions were present as well. Normal proton magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the lesions were stable. Occipital EEG abnormalities were frequent, and deficient performance on a pattern-recognition test was a characteristic neuropsychological finding. Serum phenylalanine levels at about 300 mumol/L or below throughout childhood and early adolescence may be required to avoid lesions. The present study demonstrates the limitations of even an optimally controlled dietary regimen in hyperphenylalaninaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparative study of microsatellite and cytogenetic markers for detecting the origin of the nondisjoined chromosome 21 in Down syndrome.

Nondisjunction in trisomy 21 has traditionally been studied by cytogenetic heteromorphisms. Those studies assumed no crossing-over on the short arm of chromosome 21. Recently, increased accuracy of detection of the origin of nondisjunction has been demonstrated by DNA polymorphism analysis. We describe a comparative study of cytogenetic heteromorphisms and seven PCR-based DNA polymorphisms for detecting the origin of the additional chromosome 21 in 68 cases of Down syndrome. The polymorphisms studied were the highly informative microsatellites at loci D21S215, D21S120, D21S192, IFNAR, D21S156, HMG14, and D21S171. The meiotic stage of nondisjunction was assigned on the basis of the pericentromeric markers D21S215, D21S120, and D21S192. Only unequivocal cytogenetic results were compared with the results of the DNA analysis. The parental and meiotic division origin could be determined in 51% of the cases by using the cytogenetic markers and in 88% of the cases by using the DNA markers. Although there were no discrepancies between the two scoring systems regarding parental origin, there were eight discrepancies regarding meiotic stage of nondisjunction. Our results raise the possibility of recombination between the two marker systems, particularly on the short arm.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Ilizarov technique. Results and difficulties.

Of 100 cases treated by the Ilizarov method, 91 patients were reviewed from February 1985 to March 1990. There were 32 tibial fractures (29 open) and 21 nonunions (nine infected). There were 47 cases of limb lengthening (28 tibia and 19 femur). The results were as follows: good, 83%; fair, 13%; and poor, 4%. Slight and intermittent pain in some wire of the device was frequent (69%). Average bone healing time in tibial fractures was 4.95 months and 5.83 months in tibial nonunions. In bone-lengthening operations, the average lengthening index in the tibia was 1.02 months/cm (lengthenings ranged from 3 cm to 10 cm, with a mean of 5.71 cm), whereas in the femur, the average lengthening index was 1.14 months/cm (lengthenings ranged from 3 cm to 7 cm, with a mean of 5.34 cm). Manually-tensed wires produced frequent problems (24.5%), whereas wire tensed by the dynamometric tensioner produced problems in only 7.8% of the cases. Despite good results, the Ilizarov technique requires adequate training to reduce an overall complication rate (approximately 30%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The health survey in Finnmark--how is the population satisfied with community health services?].

Global satisfaction with primary health care services among men and women aged 20 to 62 was examined in a comprehensive population study in the county of Finnmark in 1987-88. Access to general practitioners was found to be the most important determinant of global satisfaction. People were least satisfied in larger municipalities, in municipalities with low stability of doctors, and, when they had experienced difficulties in getting in touch with a doctor when the need arose. There was positive association between satisfaction with life in general and satisfaction with primary health care services. Various measures of health status, chronic disease and use of health services were found to have marginal or no impact on the overall assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Institutionalized treatment of agoraphobia with panic anxiety].

We describe an integrated behavioral-psychodynamic treatment programme for inpatients suffering from agoraphobia and panic anxiety. This programme emphasizes intensive drug-free exposure training followed by work with anxiety-laden dynamic conflicts. We present promising results of evaluation studies, and discuss the important role of cognitive reconstruction of anxiety and of passive and active avoidant attitudes in exposure training. Lastly, we make certain recommendations concerning the approach to anxiety problems in general practice.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1989

Plasma levels of estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin in patients receiving rifampicin.

Plasma estrone, estradiol, estrone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin were measured in 14 patients (3 postmenopausal women, 11 men) with tuberculosis who received rifampicin. During treatment a moderate, but significant increase in the plasma level of estradiol (mean increase 32%, P less than 0.01) and estrone (mean increase 13%, P less than 0.01) were seen. In contrast, plasma estrone sulfate was significantly reduced (mean reduction of 25%, P less than 0.05). No alteration in plasma testosterone was observed, but there was a slight (mean 15%) increase in plasma androstenedione of borderline significance (P = 0.052). In eight patients, from whom all tuberculostatic treatment except rifampicin had been withdrawn, plasma sex hormone binding globulin was found to be increased by 75% by rifampicin treatment. Further, the results obtained in this part of the study confirmed the alteration in plasma estrone sulfate to be caused by rifampicin alone without any contribution from other tuberculostatic drugs. While plasma estradiol could be increased due to elevation of sex hormone binding globulin, plasma estrone was probably increased secondary to the increase in plasma androstenedione. A reduced plasma estrone sulfate level suggests that rifampicin enhances the rate of estrone sulfate metabolism. The possibility that treatment with drugs which reduce plasma estrone sulfate might be beneficial for hormone dependent cancers is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The prevalence of gallstones in autopsies from a Danish urban area. Frederiksberg, 1959-1985.

The prevalence of gallstones and cholecystectomies (S + R) was reviewed in nine annual autopsy series, from 1959 to 1985. The investigation confirmed the expectancy of more S + R with increasing age and among women. The median sex ratio was 1.6 (range, 1.3-1.7). It is noteworthy, however, that although the number of elderly people in the autopsy material increased during the period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of S + R (p = 2 X 10(-8]. The total prevalence for men decreased from 26% to 18% (p = 2 X 10(-3] and for women from 44% to 31% (p less than 10(-10]. The most striking decrease was seen in the age groups from 60 to 80 years. After a possible culmination during the period from 1920 to 1960, the number of gallstones seemed to level off again. The rates were the same as at present in other Danish investigations from the Copenhagen area (1889, 1911, and 1920-21).

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Femoral shaft fracture after hip arthroplasty.

Femoral shaft fractures after hip arthroplasties were treated in 74 noncemented hemiarthroplasties and 65 cemented arthroplasties. In loose prostheses the best clinical results and the least number of operations were achieved with revision arthroplasty with a long-stem prosthesis, combined with simple internal fixation methods when applicable. In firmly fixed prostheses the results of revision arthroplasty and traction treatment were similar. Cemented revision arthroplasty did not interfere with fracture union. Internal fixation with the prosthesis in situ cannot be recommended because of a large number of secondary revision arthroplasties and nonunions. Removal of the femoral stem prosthesis and internal fixation nearly always require a secondary revision and cannot be recommended.

Adult↗