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B Onaral

Publications and source records attributed to B Onaral.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

Analysis of polarization dynamics by singularity decomposition method.

The driving point immittance (impedance or admittance) function is commonly used in electrical characterization of polarized materials and interfaces. The immittance function typically attenuates following a power function dependence on frequency. This fact has been recognized as a macroscopic dynamical property manifested by strongly interacting dielectric, viscoelastic and magnetic materials and interfaces between different conducting substances. Linear interfacial polarization processes which occur at metal electrode-electrolyte interfaces have been represented by the Fractional Power Pole [FPP] function in single or multiple stages. The FPP function is referred to as the Davidson-Cole function in the dielectrics literature. A related function widely used in mathematical modeling of dielectric and viscoelastic polarization dynamics is the Cole-Cole function. The fractional power factor which parametrizes the FPP or the Davidson-Cole function has been shown earlier to equal the logarithmic ratio of the locations of the pole-zero singularities. In this paper we first review a modified form of the singularity decomposition of the FPP function accomplished within a prescribed error range. The distribution spectrum and the corresponding simulation by a cascade R-C network, as opposed to the synthesis by a ladder R-C network, are readily obtained as the next step in the simulation. The method is then applied to decompose the Cole-Cole function; the pole-zero placement of the singularity function is determined and the equivalent cascade R-C network is synthesized.

Electric Conductivity

The application of delta modulation to EEG waveforms for database reduction and real-time signal processing.

The large volume of digital data and the demanding processing task involved in electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis place stringent requirements on computer resources in terms of data transfer, computation speed, and temporary or permanent storage. The reduction of the database to a manageable size is therefore necessary for economical use of transmission channels and the storage media. The two criteria, waveform reproducibility and processing applications, must be analyzed and optimized in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using the various factors affecting the coding. This analysis and optimization can become cumbersome, and a specialized workstation has been developed specifically for analysis of digital coding. Our interest in data compression stems from the study of the feasibility of predicting pilots' acceleration (Gz) tolerance during flight by processing both their uncoded and coded EEG.

Aerospace Medicine

Fractal dynamics of polarized bioelectrodes.

This study is concerned with mathematical modelling of the fundamental relationship which exists between the current density and the overpotential across the metal-solution interface in the linear range using methods of system theory enhanced by 'fractal' concepts. A primer for both 1/f-type scaling and 'anomalous' relaxation/dispersion concepts is provided followed by a brief review of the research history pertinent to the metal electrode polarization dynamics. Next, the 'fractal relaxation systems' approach is introduced to characterize systems which attenuate with a fractional power-low dependence on frequency through a 'scaling exponent'. The 'singularity structure' which is a scaling rational system function is proposed to expand fractal systems in terms of basic subsystems individually representing elementary exponential relaxations and collectively exhibiting scaling properties. We stres that the 'singularity structure' carries scaling information identical to the conventional 'distribution of relaxation times' function. 'Structure scale' and 'view scale' concepts are presented in the due course to streamline the analysis of scaling phenomena in general and the polarization impedance in particular. System theory-wise, the notable result is that the fractional power function attenuation, or equivalently, the logarithmic nature of the distribution function translates into the 'self-similar' pattern replication of the system singularities in the s-plane. The singularity arrangement is governed by a recursive rule solely based on the knowledge of the fractional power factor or the scaling exponent.

Biomedical Engineering

Visual evoked potential processing under acceleration stress.

A study of the use of visual evoked potentials to detect acceleration induced blackout is presented. Decisions concerning the presence or absence of the visual evoked potential within the measured EEG were made using detection and estimation-based approaches. The performance of each technique is evaluated in two ways: (a) via a performance index (PI) which is introduced in this work, and (b) by the accuracy of pure detection. Variations of the main processing techniques such as output averaging and decision thresholding were also investigated.

Acceleration

Effects of modulated RF energy on the EEG of mammalian brains. Effects of acute and chronic irradiations.

The effects of modulated radio frequency fields on mammalian EEGs were investigated using acute and chronic irradiations at non-thermal level. The EEG signals were computer processed to obtain power spectra. Rabbits were exposed to the field for 2 h a day for 6 weeks at 1-10 MHz (15 Hz modulation) at the level of 0.5-1 kV/M. Silver electrodes placed on the skull surface were used for recording of the EEG. Usually they were removed immediately after initial recordings of the EEG and reinserted before the final and intermediate EEG recordings. With this arrangement, modulated RF fields produced a change in EEG patterns by enhancing the low frequency components and decreasing high frequency activities. On the other hand, acute irradiations did not produce noticeable changes in the EEG at the level of 0.5-1 kV/M (1-30 MHz, 60 Hz modulation) as long as the use of intracranial electrodes was avoided.

Animals