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Biomedical subjects

B Ostberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Ostberg.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Haemolytic index and performance of a magnetically coupled rotary pulsatile pump with potential for ventricular assist.

A novel magnetically coupled rotary vane pump is described which has the potential to be used as a ventricular assist device. The pump has an excellent haemodynamic performance. When tested, pumping blood, against a range of pressures from 20 to 100 mm Hg the volumetric output varied within reasonable limits. The pump could deliver 5.1 litres per minute against a pressure of 180 mm Hg before the magnetic coupling disengaged. With specially moulded magnets improved coupling can be achieved. The haemolytic index was determined using a circuit conforming to ASTM: F04-40-101. The NIH (normalised index of haemolysis) was found to be 0.3 and the MIH (modified index of haemolysis) 0.26 which is unacceptably high for long term perfusion. The pump has several outstanding features, it is hermetically sealed, it needs no valving, a desirable property in a ventricular assist pump, and it has a pulsatile action. In a non magnetically coupled form it performed satisfactorily in left ventricular assist mode and as a total cardiopulmonary bypass pump in short term experiments with dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Common cold and high-dose ipratropium bromide: use of anticholinergic medication as an indicator of reflex-mediated hypersecretion.

UNLABELLED: It was our aim to study the role played by parasympathetic reflexes for the amount and physical characteristics of nasal discharge during a common cold, and to define the maximum anti-rhinorrhoea effect obtainable with anticholinergic medication. Fifty adults with naturally acquired colds were treated with a very high dose of the topically active cholinoceptor-antagonists ipratropium bromide in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of parallel groups. A dosage of 400 micrograms was given 4 times daily for 3 days, using a specially manufactured high-dosed pressurized aerosol. This treatment resulted in a 56% reduction in the number of nose blowings (p < 0.01) and a 58% reduction in the weight of blown secretions (p < 0.01). Assessment of the "pourability" of the nasal discharge indicated that ipratropium bromide mainly reduces the watery secretions but not the mucopurulent secretions. The high dose of ipratropium bromide caused nose- and mouth-dryness in a considerable number of the patients. IN CONCLUSION: (1) during the first days of a common cold about 60% of the nasal discharge is a reflex-mediated product from nasal glands; (2) this type of secretion is predominantly watery; and (3) ipratropium bromide can reduce watery rhinorrhoea in the common cold, but a lower dose is required in order to avoid side effects.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Cold air-induced rhinorrhea and high-dose ipratropium.

A high dose of the cholinoceptor antagonist ipratropium bromide, in the form of a nasal spray, was tested on cold air- and hot soup-induced rhinorrhea in order to determine to what extent these types of rhinorrhea are reflex-mediated hypersecretions from nasal glands. Fourteen normal volunteers were examined in a placebo-controlled study. A single dose of ipratropium bromide (400 micrograms) caused a 73% reduction of cold air-induced rhinorrhea and a 66% reduction of hot soup-induced rhinorrhea. It is concluded that a major part of the nasal discharge induced by these stimuli is reflex-mediated, and consequently may be treated by a cholinoceptor antagonist, such as ipratropium.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1987

Upper respiratory tract secretions: pathophysiology.

Nasal fluid is a heterogeneous substance. It consists largely of a secretory product derived from the 100,000 small seromucous glands. The anterior part of the nose has a relatively high secretory capacity, but this does not seem to be caused by secretion from the 200 anterior serous glands. Compared to sputum, nasal secretion has a lower viscosity, but comparable spinability; it has a lower dry weight, and content of sulphate, sugars and most proteins, but a comparable level of albumin. Watery rhinorrhoea is mainly reflex-mediated. Watery, but not purulent nasal discharge can be reduced by the cholinoceptor antagonist, ipratropium, administered in a dose which matches the degree of the symptoms. It seems likely that the nose, in some respects, can serve as a model for the analysis of airway secretions, but a comparative study of nasal and of bronchial secretions sampled in an identical way is warranted.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

Movements, lumbar and temporomandibular pain and psychopathology.

157 males and females divided into four psychodiagnostic groups have been examined according to a specially defined physiotherapeutic (ad modum Sundsvold). In this paper, results from the evaluation of passive and active movements in five body significant differences concerning inhibited movements between the four groups were found, the psychotic group being most inhibited followed by the ego-week neurotic group, the substance-abusing group and the healthy control group. With regard to the slack movements, significant differences were found in the two extremity regions. The substance-abusing group had the most slack movements, next came the ego-weak neurotic group, the psychotic group and lastly the control group. Men were more inhibited than women in three regions, mostly in the lumbosacral region. This finding is discussed in relationship to the high frequency of lumbar disc herniation in men. Women were more significantly inhibited in the temporomandibular region, a finding which may explain why mostly women are suffering from the myofacial pain syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal mucosal swelling and reactivity during a menstrual cycle.

INTRODUCTION: Nasal stuffiness is a great problem for many women in the later part of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate whether oestrogen causes nasal congestion and/or a hyperreactive reaction of the nasal mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten healthy fertile women were examined during menstruation. Nasal mucosal congestion was studied with rhinostereometry and acoustic rhinometry. The nasal mucosa was challenged with 3 doses of histamine solution to study nasal reactivity. Measurements were made 3 times during menstruation. To find the exact time of ovulation, when oestrogen reaches its peak value, intravaginal ultrasound tests were done and blood samples taken, to determine the oestrogen and progesterone levels. RESULTS: The nasal mucosa became hyperreactive to histamine in connection with ovulation, when the blood level of oestrogen reached its peak. This does not occur during the menstrual or the luteal phase. No significant alteration was found in the baseline position during the menstruation. CONCLUSION: There is a connection between high oestrogen level and nasal mucosal reactivity.

Adult↗