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Biomedical subjects

B P Croker

Publications and source records attributed to B P Croker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Chromatin structure changes suggest a compensatory response to c-myc gene amplification in malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Changes in chromatin structure as determined from DNAse I hypersensitive site analysis are associated with c-myc amplification and increased transcript/protein levels in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) cell lines. A DNAse I hypersensitive site near the PO promoter region was observed in one MFH cell line (UR HCL 1), and in normal fibroblasts (HFF), but not in an MFH cell line with an amplified c-myc gene (P3C). A DNAse I hypersensitive site exclusive to P3C amplified c-myc was identified slightly 3' of exon one. No alterations in c-myc DNAse I hypersensitive site patterns were observed in HFF fibroblasts following serum release, when peak levels of c-myc transcript were induced. DNAse I hypersensitive site patterns associated with gene amplification may reflect a compensatory response by P3C cells to an abundance of c-myc transcript. Furthermore, elevated levels of protein in P3C cells provide additional evidence that amplified c-myc is an oncogene in MFHs.

Chromatin↗
PubMed1992

Background genes mediate the development of autoimmunity in (NZB x PL/J)F1 or (NZB x BIO.PL)F1 mice.

The (NZB x NZW)F1 mouse develops a lupus-like disease including anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and renal disease. It has been demonstrated that genes linked to the H-2 locus contributed by NZW correlate with development of this disease. We investigated whether mice with identical class II molecules but different background genes could contribute to autoimmunity when crossed with NZB. We report that two strains, PL/J and BIO.PL, when crossed to NZB, do not result in F1 with autoimmunity. Therefore, background genes present in NZW but not in PL/J or BIO.PL contribute to the development of disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Mesenchymal specificity of three new monoclonal antibodies generated to the osteosarcoma cell line 4444T.

We have generated three murine monoclonal antibodies to the new human osteosarcoma cell line 4444T. Analysis of their binding patterns to tumor cell lines, normal human tissues, and surgical tumor specimens indicates that the antibodies recognize a subset of human sarcomas and stromal tissues but fail to react with carcinomas or normal human epithelial tissue. These mesenchyme-specific monoclonal antibodies bind to antigens in the extracellular matrix. One antibody is specific in its binding to the muscularis arteriosus. We expect these antibodies to aid in the identification of sarcomas and to extend our knowledge of the components of the extracellular matrix and its interaction with tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gallium scan in the diagnosis and treatment of renal malacoplakia.

A middle-aged female was admitted with a presumptive diagnosis of pyelonephritis that failed to respond to conventional antibiotic therapy. Multiple investigations to define the etiology of the persistent fever and accompanying acute renal failure were negative. A gallium scan revealed intense uptake in the renal parenchyma. Percutaneous renal biopsy revealed malacoplakia. Six weeks of therapy with ciprofloxacin resulted in resolution of fever, improvement in the follow-up gallium scan, and reversal of the acute renal failure.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1988

Loss of corticomedullary demarcation on magnetic resonance imaging: an index of biopsy-proven acute renal transplant dysfunction.

A prospective study of 19 cadaveric renal allograft recipients with suspected graft rejection was undertaken to compare the histological findings of the renal transplant biopsy with the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All 19 patients underwent a biopsy of the transplant allograft. Biopsy results included acute cellular rejection, acute vascular rejection, chronic vascular rejection (CVR), and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Recipients of cadaveric renal allografts with normal function served as controls. The control showed distinct corticomedullary demarcation (CMD) on T1-weighted imaging. In contrast, CMD was absent or diminished in all the patients with suspected allograft rejection. Unfortunately, the loss of CMD did not correlate with a specific biopsy diagnosis. Patients with biopsy evidence of acute and chronic rejection or ATN demonstrated loss of CMD with similar image patterns. In conclusion, MRI is capable of detecting renal allograft dysfunction, but does not permit the determination of a specific cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The histopathology of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.

Forty-one cases of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome are presented. All cases were studied to provide a histopathological description of this condition in terms of location, intensity, and characterization of the inflammatory response. Alterations of the normal histology of minor vestibular glands forming vestibular clefts are described. The association of this condition with other disease processes, and special studies done to elucidate an etiology, are discussed.

Dyspareunia↗
PubMed1988

Two distinct pathologic types of giant cell tumor of the vulva. A report of two cases.

Giant cell carcinoma of the vulva has been described as a distinctive primary tumor of the vulva associated with multinucleated tumor giant cells and nuclear pleomorphism. These tumors have been reported to have a poorer prognosis than does squamous cell carcinoma, to which they are thought to be related. Two women were treated for primary vulvar malignancies possessing the morphologic features of giant cell tumor. Electron microscopy was not beneficial in distinguishing the tumors. A panel of immunoperoxidase procedures, including AE 1/3, 35 beta H-11, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, HMB-45, S-100, leukocyte common antigen, placentalike alkaline phosphatase, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and vimentin made it possible to distinguish the two tumors and characterized one as a nodular amelanotic melanoma with multinucleate tumor giant cells and the second as a squamous cell carcinoma with tumor giant cells. The latter term should replace the term giant cell carcinoma. Histologic criteria can help define this tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and pathologic features of polyarteritis nodosa and its renal-limited variant: primary crescentic and necrotizing glomerulonephritis.

This study supports the concept that primary necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis is a kidney-limited form of polyarteritis nodosa. Thirty-four patients with necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis were divided into three groups based on the presence or absence of systemic vasculitis as determined by clinical or histologic criteria. Laboratory studies demonstrated elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, anemia, mild eosinophilia, hematuria, and proteinuria in patients in each group; there were no significant differences in these data between the groups, however. Complement levels and antinuclear antibody screens were normal. Mean serum creatinine levels were markedly elevated but fell by a factor of two following therapy. There was a higher morbidity in the patients with kidney-limited disease. This was attributable to a higher percentage of these patients' having no symptoms and presenting for medical care only after they were in chronic renal failure. Most patients not experiencing chronic renal failure were treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone, which seemed effective in this retrospective study.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Polypoid tumor of the esophagus.

Five cases of an uncommon esophageal tumor consisting of a mucosal squamous cell carcinoma that surrounds a polypoid mass of spindle cells were examined. The spindle cell component was composed of elongated cells with blunt nuclei, admixed with multinucleated giant cells. Reticulin fibers enveloped individual cells, and abundant collagen was present. Thirteen to 69 mitotic figures occurred per 10 high-power fields. Electron microscopy showed dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and peripheral intermediate filaments within the cytoplasm. Intermediate-type junctions (zonulae adherens) and subplasmalemmal linear densities connected some cells. No tonofibrillar bundles or desmosomes (maculae adherens) were present. Immunoperoxidase stains detected no keratin in the spindle cells. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin were in the spindle cells in five of five and three of five cases, respectively. The absence of desmosomes, tonofibrillar bundles, and keratin and the presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin favor fibrohistiocytic differentiation of the spindle cell component.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Primary non-urachal adenocarcinoma of the bladder.

The clinical course of 34 patients with non-urachal adenocarcinoma of the bladder was reviewed and compared to the world experience. The 5-year survivorship was 19 per cent, with only 1 patient being free of disease. Metaplasia with formation of glandular elements reflects the unstable potential of the transitional cell and may be associated with the biologic aggressiveness of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Kidney lesions in Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a light-, immunofluorescence-, and electron-microscopic study.

The essential pathologic lesion in Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a vasculitis that may involve the kidneys as well as the heart, brain, skin, and subcutaneous tissues. Histopathologic information concerning the response of the kidneys in RMSF is rather limited, however. In this study renal tissue from 17 children who died of RMSF was examined by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy. A lymphocytic or mixed inflammation, or both, involving vessels and interstitium of the kidney was found in all patients. In addition, 10 patients had histologic evidence of acute tubular necrosis, and another 3 had glomerular lesions consisting of focal segmental tuft necrosis or increased cellularity secondary to neutophilic infiltration, or both. Immunofluorescence- and electron-microscopic studies failed to demonstrate immune-complex deposition within glomeruli, a finding that suggests that immunoglobulin and classic immune complexes were not involved in the pathogenesis of the renal lesions at the time of death. These findings suggest the possibility that the pathogenesis of the renal lesion in RMSF may be due to a direct action of the organism (Rickettsia rickettsii) on the vessel wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukaemia virus. IV. Antinuclear antibody response and tumour induction in B10.A recombinant mice.

The levels of murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) proteins p30 and gp70, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-soluble nuclear protein, anti-single-stranded DNA, anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-histone antibodies were measured in B10.A and B10.A recombinant mice neonatally infected with MuLV-Scripps (Lerner et al., 1972). The incidence and latency of lymphoma and the incidence of glomerulonephritis were also determined. The mice studied could be divided into high-responder and low-responder groups. Most of the high ANA antibody could be attributed to anti-histone antibody. High response was associated with the H-2b haplotype and recombinant strains on the B10 background which were identical at the I-A subregion derived from the H-2b parental stock. In contrast, low ANA response was associated with the I-A subregion derived from the H-2k haplotype. In all groups of virus-inoculated animals, most animals developed serum elevations of p30 and gp70 and at least 72% of the inoculated animals developed lymphomas. High serum p30 levels correlated inversely with latency and directly with gp70 values. From 4 to 28% of the animals in each virus-inoculated group had histological evidence of glomerulonephritis, although no clear genetic basis could be ascribed to the incidence of glomerulonephritis, serum p30 or gp70 levels, or latency of lymphoma development.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1978

Replication of type I herpes simplex virus in primary cultures of hairy cell leukemic leukocytes.

The ability of leukemic leukocytes to support the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was studied. Mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from the peripheral blood of patients with a variety of lymphoid leukemias were isolated on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and infected with HSV at a multiplicity of infection of 5 to 10. No virus growth was detected in cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (9), acute lymphocytic leukemia (1), or lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (2), HSV replication did occur in hairy cell leukemic MNL from all of 4 patients studied. Maximal titers of 10(3.7) to 10(4.7) PFU/ml occurred 1 to 7 days after incubation. By electron microscopy, herpesvirus particles were seen in the nuclei of these infected cells after 3 days of culture, but none was seen in the cells not exposed to virus. Fluorescent antibody examination confirmed the presence of HSV antigens in the nuclei of infected hairy cells. No difference in the adsorption or penetration of the virus was found with the various MNL studied. Productive infection of the cells thus appeared to depend on the ability of the leukocyte ;o support a later stage of infection, either uncoating or replication of the virus.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukemia virus. III. Quantitation of spontaneous virus expression.

Electron microscopic determination of C-type virions in gut-associated and genital tract epithelia was made in various murine strains. The number of morphologically identifiable C-type virus particles varied more than 100-fold among strains, being high in all strains exhibiting immunologic disease, as well as several immunologically normal strains, and low in other immunologically normal strains. No relationship was seen between the number of virions found in epithelial and lymphoid tissues. There was, however, a direct correlation between numbers of virions in epithelial tissues and levels of serum gp70.

Animals↗