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Biomedical subjects

B P Haughey

Publications and source records attributed to B P Haughey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Alcohol consumption and lung cancer in white males.

Experimental and epidemiologic investigations in alcoholic and nonalcoholic populations have suggested a role of alcohol in lung carcinogenesis. The association between alcohol consumption and lung cancer was investigated among 280 White males with histologically confirmed, primary lung cancer and 564 White male controls, participants in the Western New York Diet Study (United States). Among heavy smokers (over 40 pack-years), total alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer with adjustment for age, years of education, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and intake of carotenoids and fat. In this group, the odds ratio for drinkers of more than 24 drinks per month was 1.6 compared with those who drank less. Drinkers of more than 12 beers per month were 1.6 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nondrinkers of beer after controlling for age, years of education, and cigarette smoking (95 percent confidence interval = 1.0-2.4, P for trend = 0.003). Occupational and dietary factors did not seem to explain these findings. Although cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, the role of alcohol, independent or in interaction with cigarette smoking, deserves further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Smoking, alcohol, dentition and diet in the epidemiology of oral cancer.

This matched case-control study was conducted in Western New York. The smoking, alcohol consumption, dental hygiene and diet of 290 cases were compared with those of 290 sex-, age-, and neighbourhood-matched controls. The results confirm earlier findings that cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption impart substantial risk of oral cancer. The results also confirm that poor oral hygiene increases the risk of oral cancer, although this effect is much smaller than those of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The results suggest that, of macronutrients, intake of fat is more likely than those of protein or carbohydrate to be related to risk. Of micronutrients, calcium, sodium, riboflavin and retinol are associated with risk, while thiamin, niacin, and dietary fibre are associated with decreased risk. Although patterns of dietary effects are discernable, these effects are in general much weaker than are those of smoking and alcohol consumption.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Diet, smoking, and alcohol in cancer of the larynx: a case-control study.

A case-control study among white men in western New York was conducted from 1975 through 1985 to examine diet and other risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Incident pathologically confirmed cases (250) and age- and neighborhood-matched controls (250) were interviewed to determine usual diet and lifetime use of tobacco and alcohol. Cigarettes were strongly associated with risk; pipes and cigars were not. Beer and hard liquor but not wine were associated with increased risk. Dietary fat and carotenoids were related to risk in opposite ways. The upper quartile odds ratio for dietary fat was 2.40 [95% confidence interval 1.26, 4.55], and the upper quartile odds ratio for carotenoids was 0.51 (0.26, 1.01). There was effect modification by smoking. Carotenoids were most negatively associated with risk among the lightest smokers, whereas dietary fat was most positively associated with risk among the heaviest smokers. Total calories, protein, and retinol were associated with increased risk; there was no relationship between laryngeal cancer and vitamin C, vitamin E, carbohydrate, or dietary fiber. This study again demonstrates the strong association between tobacco and alcohol and laryngeal cancer and also suggests that diets low in carotenoids and high in fat may increase risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A longitudinal study of nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS in Erie County.

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS in a longitudinal context. Results of the 1990 survey were compared with those of a survey conducted in 1986 for the purpose of examining changes in attitudes over time. Findings indicated that there were no significant differences between the 1986 and 1990 scores on the attitude scales. The results of the study indicated that many nurses still have fears and concerns about caring for patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Health practices of critical care nurses.

Little is known about the health practices of critical care nurses (CCNs). Because their health behaviors may influence their inclinations to counsel patients, it is important that CCNs engage in a healthy lifestyle and serve as health exemplars. The purpose of this survey was to describe the health practices of 499 CCNs. Data were gathered by questionnaires that elicited information regarding smoking habits, oral health and dietary practices, energy expenditure, seat belt use, alcohol consumption, and health surveillance behaviors. This article is a sequel to a previous manuscript that reported findings relative to the smoking practices of CCNs. Results of the study suggest that the CCNs surveyed were not fulfilling their roles as health exemplars. Although some reported favorable health practices, many indicated habits that were less than desirable. These data document the need to develop strategies for improving the health behaviors of CCNs, thereby protecting their future health. Ultimately, these strategies may benefit their patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluating quantitative research problems.

By focusing on criteria for evaluating quantitative research problems and by understanding their evolution from prior research and their placement within a theoretical context, nurses should realize that good research depends to a great degree on good questions. Unless an investigator has a "good, workable, significant topic, the most carefully and skillfully designed research project will be of no value.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Folate intake and carcinogenesis of the colon and rectum.

Experimental evidence suggests that folate depletion plays a role in carcinogenesis. A case-control study examining folate intake was conducted. Some 428 colon and 372 rectal cancer cases with matched neighbourhood controls were interviewed regarding usual intake of foods, including food preparation. Unadjusted folate was not associated with risk of either cancer. Controlling for kilocalories, odds ratios (ORs) for those with the highest folate intake were 0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-1.03) and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.16-0.59) for females and males for rectal cancer. There was no change in colon cancer risk associated with folate intake. There was an indication of an interaction of folate and alcohol intake; the difference in risk associated with low and high folate intake was highest for males in the highest alcohol category. Associations were of similar magnitude for other dietary factors correlated with folate. It appears that intake of folate or a correlated factor may be negatively related to risk of rectal cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

AIDS and homophobia among nurses.

The purpose of this research was to study nurses' attitudes toward homosexuality and caring for homosexual patients. The results reported in this article are a component of a larger study of nurses' knowledge about and attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS. The sample comprised 581 Registered Nurses residing in Erie County, New York. Data were gathered by mailed questionnaires. Results of the study indicate that issues concerning the care of patients with AIDS may be complicated by the fact that many of these individuals are homosexuals. The results of this research provide data for developing intervention strategies to help nurses cope with their concerns about caring for homosexual patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Chemical impairment in colleagues: perceptions of Western New York nurses.

The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' perceptions about substance abuse in professional colleagues, opinions about strategies for dealing with substance abuse, and knowledge about resources available for dealing with the problem of chemical impairment. Subjects included a convenience sample of 161 nurses from Western New York. Data were gathered by a questionnaire that included "The Perceptions of Nursing Impairment Inventory" and items regarding respondents' background characteristics, suspicions about alcohol and drug abuse in nurse colleagues, and knowledge about and use of peer assistance services available through District I of the New York State Nurses Association. The major outcome of the study was identification of a knowledge deficit on the extent of the substance abuse problem in nursing, ability to recognize an impaired colleague, and awareness of services available. These data substantiate the need for implementing educational programs to increase nurses' basic knowledge of, and sensitivity to, the problem of chemical dependency.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Risks associated with source of fiber and fiber components in cancer of the colon and rectum.

In this case-control study, we examined the food sources of fiber and fiber solubility to determine whether particular components of dietary fiber were differentially associated with risk of colon and rectal cancer. In Western New York, cases with pathologically confirmed, single, primary cancers of the colon and rectum as well as age-, sex- and neighborhood-matched controls were interviewed from 1975-1986. The sample included 428 colon case-control pairs (223 females, 205 males) and 422 rectal case-control pairs (145 females, 277 males). Subjects were interviewed regarding usual quantity and frequency of consumption of foods. For the colon, risk decreased with intake of grain fiber for both females and males and with intake of fruit/vegetable fiber for males only. Insoluble grain fiber was more strongly associated with risk than soluble grain fiber. For the rectum, fruit/vegetable fiber was associated with decreased risk, whereas grain fiber was not. There was no difference in risk for soluble and insoluble fiber components for the rectum. Analysis of risk associated with fiber by food source and by components of the fiber may provide insight into possible mechanisms of a fiber effect on cancer of the colon and rectum.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Lifetime alcohol intake and risk of rectal cancer in western New York.

The lifetime intake of total alcohol, beer, wine, and hard liquor was measured for 277 males and 145 females with pathologically confirmed, first, single, primary cancers of the rectum in western New York from 1978 to 1986. Controls who were age, sex, and neighborhood matched were also interviewed. Intake of beer and total alcohol was positively associated with rectal cancer risk. Most of the excess risk was found for the heaviest drinkers. Odds ratios for fourth quartile intakes for males were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.12, 2.89) for total alcohol and 1.86 (1.13, 3.06) for beer. No association was found with wine or hard liquor intake. Females drank considerably less in this population; trends were similar although not of as great magnitude as those for males. Adjustment for dietary risk factors did not change risk estimates appreciably. A high lifetime intake of beer and total alcohol was associated with an increased risk of rectal cancer, and this was independent of either socioeconomic status or diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of diet and rectal cancer in western New York.

In three counties in western New York, a case-control study of incident, pathologically confirmed, single, primary cancers of the rectum was conducted from 1978 to 1986. Cases were matched with neighborhood controls on age and sex; 277 case-control pairs of males and 145 case-control pairs of females were interviewed regarding usual quantity and frequency of consumption of foods. Risk of rectal cancer increased with increasing intake of kilocalories, fat, carbohydrate, and iron. Risk decreased with increasing intake of carotenoids, vitamin C, and dietary fiber from vegetables. Fiber from grains, calcium, retinol, and vitamin E were not associated with risk. Associations of intake with risk were generally stronger for males than for females except for vitamin C. The association for carotenoids, vitamin C, and vegetable fiber persisted after stratification on intake of either kilocalories or fat.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Ingestion of cold fluids: related to onset of arrhythmias?

Although the results of this study provide too limited a database for establishing definitive guidelines for practice, they underscore the need for critical care nurses to focus observations on patients' responses to iced fluid restriction. It is important to determine whether and to what extent limiting ingestion of iced fluids induces patient stress, a factor that alone can create physiologic conditions conductive to the occurrence of arrhythmias. Further, in view of the importance of maintaining fluid balance in cardiac patients, it would also be of interest to learn whether iced fluid restriction significantly alters fluid intake. Observations that derive from clinical practice, such as those described above, can stimulate and guide future research designed to evaluate more extensively the efficacy of this coronary precaution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of testicular cancer in upstate New York.

In a study of 250 cases of cancer of the testis and of neighborhood- and age-matched controls in upstate New York in 1977-1980, the authors found that risk was enhanced by possession of a number of traits associated with exposure of the testis to heat; occupational exposures to fertilizers, phenols, and fumes or smoke; and trauma to the testis. Risk was also increased for characteristics related to congenital and developmental aberrancies and testis-related abnormalities, e.g., low sperm count, fertility problems, atrophic testis, and cryptorchidism. Several of these risk factors were statistically significant in a multiple regression model that adjusted for all other significant traits, age, and education.

Adolescent↗