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Biomedical subjects

B P Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to B P Johnson.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections in Minnesota, 1992-1998. Investigation Team.

BACKGROUND: Increasing resistance to quinolones among campylobacter isolates from humans has been reported in Europe and Asia, but not in the United States. We evaluated resistance to quinolones among campylobacter isolates from Minnesota residents during the period from 1992 through 1998. METHODS: All 4953 campylobacter isolates from humans received by the Minnesota Department of Health were tested for resistance to nalidixic acid. Resistant isolates and selected sensitive isolates were tested for resistance to ciprofloxacin. We conducted a case-comparison study of patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolated during 1996 and 1997. Domestic chicken was evaluated as a potential source of quinolone-resistant campylobacter. RESULTS: The proportion of quinolone-resistant C. jejuni isolates from humans increased from 1.3 percent in 1992 to 10.2 percent in 1998 (P<0.001). During 1996 and 1997, infection with quinolone-resistant C. jejuni was associated with foreign travel and with the use of a quinolone before the collection of stool specimens. However, quinolone use could account for no more than 15 percent of the cases from 1996 through 1998. The number of quinolone-resistant infections that were acquired domestically also increased during the period from 1996 through 1998. Ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni was isolated from 14 percent of 91 domestic chicken products obtained from retail markets in 1997. Molecular subtyping showed an association between resistant C. jejuni strains from chicken products and domestically acquired infections in Minnesota residents. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in quinolone-resistant C. jejuni infections in Minnesota is largely due to infections acquired during foreign travel. However, the number of quinolone-resistant infections acquired domestically has also increased, largely because of the acquisition of resistant strains from poultry. The use of fluoroquinolones in poultry, which began in the United States in 1995, has created a reservoir of resistant C. jejuni.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

AHCPR clinical practice guideline on surgical pain management: adoption and outcomes.

Pain management practices and short-term patient outcomes in nine acute care hospitals in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, were studied at two points in time. One-and-a-half years after the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research's (AHCPR) Clinical Practice Guideline on Acute Pain Management was published, data from 330 adult surgical patients were collected (Time I). These data were contrasted with data from 373 adult surgical patients collected 2 years later (Time II). There were significant increases in the percentage of patients who reported being taught how to report pain using a pain rating scale and about setting a pain goal preoperatively; in the percentage of patient hospital records with at least one documented numeric pain rating; and in the percentage of patients who received analgesics by intravenous administration. However, pain management practices continued to differ from recommendations in the AHCPR guideline. No significant improvement was noted in the short-term outcomes of patient-rated pain or patient satisfaction with pain management. Availability of well-published guidelines alone may be insufficient to ensure comprehensive adoption of guidelines that are multidimensional in nature and to obtain improvements in patient outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

One family's experience with head injury: a phenomenological study.

A phenomenological approach was used in this study to describe the lived experience of one family with traumatic brain injury. All seven family members were interviewed regarding their thoughts and memories from the night of the accident through the acute stage and initial rehabilitative stage. Three themes captured the essence of the experience as described by the parents and siblings: "helplessness and the need to hope," "need to be informed and involved" and "impact of intubation/extubation." The victim's unique perspective was captured by the themes: "going home," "concern for others" and "piecing it together." Hermeneutic interpretations examine the transformative and enriching aspects as well as the disruptions and problems associated with the family experience of traumatic brain injury.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

Solvatochromic solvent polarity measurements and selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

The ET(30) polarity values of binary acetonitrile-water and methanol-water mobile phases, used in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, were measured and compared with methylene selectivity (alpha CH2) for both traditional siliceous bonded phases and for a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin reversed-phase material. The variation in methylene selectivity for both was found to correlate best with percent organic solvent in methanol-water mixtures, while the ET(30) polarity provided the best correlation in acetonitrile-water mixtures. The polymeric resin column was found to provide higher methylene selectivity than the siliceous bonded phase at all concentrations of organic solvent.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1982

Effects of Polyenes, Detergents, and Other Potential Membrane Perturbants on an Osmotolerant Yeast, Saccharomyces rouxii.

The osmotolerance of Saccharomyces rouxii 48-28 was confirmed with both NaCl- and KCl-fortified growth media, with more tolerance being exhibited for the potassium salt. Washed and buffered cells from unfortified medium were challenged with a variety of compounds (and also with physical treatments) that potentially would elicit membrane perturbations. The efficacy of these brief treatments was judged primarily by monitoring subsequent viability. Change in the degree of expression of beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26), which is cryptic in young cells of S. rouxii, was a second criterion. There was a linear correlation between cell death and enzyme expression for treatments with polyenes, detergents, some organic solvents which did not denature the enzyme, and various freeze-thaw regimens in graded amounts of glycerol. The species is relatively insensitive to polyene antimycotics, the order of decreasing effect being filipin, nystatin, and amphotericin B. S. rouxii was found to be less sensitive to osmotic shock than is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but in neither species is beta-fructofuranosidase released to the medium. The sensitivity of S. rouxii to ionic detergents, but not to nonionic detergents, was rationalized as being due to cell wall discrimination against larger micelles for the nonionic examples. This was confirmed by showing that protoplasts were sensitive to both classes. In cultures older than 5 days the normal agreement between colony-forming units and methylene blue exclusion (another test of viability) no longer held. Delayed fermentation of sucrose by S. rouxii, which is a diagnostic feature of the species, is explained by death of some cells, expression of their beta-fructofuranosidase, and utilization of the monosaccharides by the surviving cells.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Osteosarcomas in BALB/c female mice.

Osteosarcomas were found in 16 of 24,192 (0.066%) BALB/c female mice, 14 were in 21,816 (0.064%) 2-acetylaminofluorene-treated mice, and two were in 2,376 (0.084%) untreated controls. The osteosarcomas were classified into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and mixed types. Seven of the osteosarcomas metastasized to the lungs. The osteosarcomas in control and 2-acetylaminofluorene-treated mice showed little or no difference in the incidence, type, size, or site of origin, indicating that 2-acetylaminofluorene did not affect the development of osteosarcomas in BALB/c female mice.U

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗