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Biomedical subjects

B P Sinclair

Publications and source records attributed to B P Sinclair.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Epidemiology and transmission of infection by human immunodeficiency virus.

The incidence of HIV infection continues to increase in the United States especially among injection drug users and women. HIV is a retrovirus that infects selected cells in the immune system and under certain conditions replicates and forms new virus capable of infecting other host cells. The infection produces a continuum of conditions ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state through a series of mild or early diseases (ARC) to devastating immune deficiency and organ dysfunction (AIDS). The virus is transmitted via sex, blood, and from mother to fetus. Immune physiology, effects of HIV on the immune system, and tests to demonstrate the presence of the infection are included.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Antepartum management of pregnant women with HIV infection.

As HIV infection increases in women, childbearing becomes a major concern due to its effect on the mother and also a fetal transmission rate approximating 40%. Pregnancy may negatively influence the progression of HIV, but confounding factors such as access to health care are just as responsible. Other studies suggest that asymptomatic women do not have an increase in poor pregnancy outcomes and rarely have an acceleration of their HIV disease, but those with symptoms may see more rapid progression. Modes and rates of mother-baby transmission are discussed. Specific components of prenatal care for the HIV-infected woman are included.

Counseling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advanced practice nurses in integrated health care systems.

Changes in the health care delivery system are discussed with a view to those affecting the role and use of advanced practice nurses and particularly nurse practitioners who provide primary and reproductive care to women. Nurse practitioners are particularly well suited to function within integrated systems. They accomplish cost-containment strategies because of lower salaries or fees, fewer invasive procedures, greater compliance by patients, and increased nonpharmacologic treatments. They collaborate with all providers of primary care and enhance communication with patients. They develop clinical pathways for professionals and for patients and their families and support the use of guidelines and protocols to enhance standards of practice. It is suggested that women will become powerful consumers and that nurse practitioners are especially versed, not only in providing routine screening and episodic care, but also in teaching self-care, providing developmental and emotional support, and increasing compliance for health promotion and disease prevention. A high demand exists for education as an advanced practice nurse. Although many educational programs are moving to the master's degree, standardized educational levels are urged as a means for professionals and consumers to better understand advanced practice nursing roles. The need for nurse practitioners in the primary care market-place is demonstrated, but the system is in a state of flux, and the roles may not be used appropriately. Nurse practitioners should help to define new jobs and be assertive in negotiating for positions.

Aged↗