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Biomedical subjects

B Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to B Phillips.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Failure of simian virus 40 small t antigen to disorganize actin cables in nonpermissive cell lines.

Mouse C3H 10T1/2 cell lines expressing the simian virus 40 (SV40) small t antigen were obtained by cotransfection of pSV2neo and plasmids which encode small t. Cell lines derived from two plasmids which encode small t in the absence of stable deletion fragments of the large T antigen were morphologically normal and grew to slightly higher saturation densities in low serum than control cell lines. Unexpectedly, the clones had highly organized actin cables, as did parental 10T1/2 cells infected with wild-type SV40. These observations and comparisons of rat F111 cells infected with either polyomavirus or SV40 suggest that the SV40 small t antigen does not directly affect cytoskeletal organization.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1988

Organizing and delivering case management services: lessons from the National Long Term Care Channeling Demonstration.

This article discusses issues relating to the design and internal administration of a case-management agency for community based home care for the elderly. Included in the article are issues relating to screening procedures, assessment and case management activities, cost controls, automated management information systems, and personnel matters. The analysis is based on the experience of the National Long Term Care Demonstration ("Channeling") which established and evaluated ten case management projects nationwide under federal funding.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Oligodendroglioma. An analysis of the value of radiation therapy.

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of supratentorial oligodendrogliomas is controversial. To evaluate the role of radiation therapy, the Duke University Medical Center series was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical history, radiation dosages, and pathologic materials were reviewed. Seventy-one patients were identified as having histologically proven oligodendroglioma. Analysis of the patient population demonstrated it to be similar in all major parameters to other populations previously reported in the literature. Multivariate statistical analysis of the demographic, clinical and radiographic variables of these patients showed that a poorer prognosis was associated with persons of increased age (P = 0.052) and black persons (P = 0.014), and in those with papilledema (P = 0.07), hemiparesis (P = 0.001), intellectual deficits (P = 0.0002), and necrosis (P = 0.041). All patients had a surgical procedure as first treatment while 18 and three patients, respectively, underwent a second and third surgical procedure. Thirty-seven patients had a subsequent course of radiotherapy. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis comparing the patients treated with surgery alone those treated with surgery plus radiotherapy revealed no significant population or prognostic differences between the groups. The median times until clinical deterioration were 39 versus 27 months, the median times until documented tumor recurrence were 27 versus 28 months and the median survival times were 4.5 versus 5.2 years, for nonirradiated versus irradiated patients. These data, from a large and rigidly evaluated population, demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the symptom-free interval, time until tumor recurrence, or survival between the groups nor did radiation appear beneficial to any subgroup evaluated. The results suggest the need for a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the true role of radiation therapy in the treatment of this tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The use of immunoperoxidase panels for the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions.

The diagnostic value of an immunoperoxidase panel composed of antisera to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigens (EMA), and high- and low-molecular-weight cytokeratins was evaluated on 39 consecutive pleural and peritoneal fluid specimens and correlated with routine cytologic and histochemical studies. The cases were classified into two groups: malignant (epithelial and small-cell undifferentiated carcinomas) and benign effusions. We found that the CEA and EMA antisera identified 91% and 100% of the epithelial malignancies, respectively. Mucin stains were positive in only 41% (mucicarmine) and 59% (Alcian blue) of these cases. The battery of cytokeratin markers identified malignant cells from 45%-100% of the cases but showed considerable positive staining of mesothelial cells. A selective review of the literature is presented along with recommendations for technical improvement in immunoperoxidase studies. We believe that an immunoperoxidase panel can be of considerable value in the cytologic diagnosis of epithelial malignancies in effusions. The panel composed of CEA and EMA can prove helpful in a routine cytology practice. Although the cytokeratin marker identified malignant cells, the concomitant immunostaining of mesothelial cells limits its utility. The commercially available panel can be a potential aid in improving the accuracy of serous fluid cytologic examination by decreasing both false-positive and false-negative diagnoses and thereby helping to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

Regular exercise and reduction of breathlessness in patients with cystic fibrosis.

The influence of regular exercise on breathlessness and its relationship to ventilation has not been studied previously. We have examined the effects of a training programme on eight patients (5 males, 3 females, mean age 20 years, range 17-27 years) with cystic fibrosis. Eleven minutes of exercise was undertaken each day for 2 months according to the Royal Canadian Air Force protocol. Daily diary cards were kept and the programme was supervised. Pulmonary function and responses to maximal exercise on bicycle ergometer were determined before and after completion of the training schedule. Breathlessness was assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS) and related to ventilation during submaximal exercise on two occasions prior to training, and at the end. Apart from a reduced RV (pre 1.90 +/- 1.11, post 1.20 +/- 0.28 P less than 0.05), all other indices of pulmonary function and exercise performance were unchanged. Before training the relationship of breathlessness to ventilation was highly reproducible for each patient. After training there was a statistically significant reduction in breathlessness but ventilation was unchanged. At a mean standardized ventilation of 31.6 litres/min the VAS scales were 26.7% pre- and 12.9% post-training (P less than 0.01). Breathlessness can be favourably influenced by exercise training independent of ventilation with a consequent improvement in submaximal exercise tolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of sleep loss on beta-endorphin activity, epinephrine levels, and ventilatory responsiveness.

Sleep loss impairs ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia and hypoxia, and also interferes with performance on spirometry. To test the hypothesis that the decline in hypercapnic drive due to sleep loss is mediated by endorphin production, we measured loaded and unloaded CO2 response after injection of placebo and naloxone in 11 normal subjects who were alternately rested and sleep-deprived. Blood for beta-endorphin and epinephrine assay was drawn before testing each day. Unloaded CO2 response was lower after sleep loss than after sleep restoration; naloxone had no effect on this difference. Likewise, there was no difference between CO2 response after naloxone administration and CO2 response in control subjects. beta-Endorphin activity did not rise after sleep loss. Loaded CO2 response was reduced compared to unloaded response and was not affected by sleep loss or by naloxone. The serum epinephrine level rose significantly with sleep loss. We conclude that naloxone is not a respiratory stimulant in normal people, and that it does not reverse the fall in CO2 response that follows sleep loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin E levels in premature infants during and after intravenous multivitamin supplementation.

Serum vitamin E levels were measured in 19 infants weighing 1.0 to 1.5 kg, in 16 infants weighing less than 1 kg who received 65% of a vial (4.6 mg of vitamin E) of multivitamins (MVI Pediatric) daily, and in another group of 16 infants weighing less than 1 kg who received 30% of a vial (2.1 mg of vitamin E) daily. Supplementation was started within 12 hours of birth. Serum vitamin E levels were also measured after supplementation was discontinued in infants who had received 65% of a vial daily. Vitamin E sufficiency (levels equal to or greater than 0.5 mg/dL) was attained after 48 hours of supplementation in all infants receiving 65% of a vial daily and after 72 hours of supplementation in all infants receiving 30% of a vial daily. Vitamin E sufficiency was not maintained in all infants receiving 30% of a vial daily. Of the infants weighing less than 1 kg who received 65% of a vial daily, 31% had serum levels greater than 3.5 mg/dL, whereas no infant weighing less than 1 kg who received 30% of a vial daily had a level greater than 3.5 mg/dL (P less than .05). Of the infants weighing less than 1 kg who received 30% of a vial daily, 56% had levels less than 1 mg/dL v 6% of infants less than 1 kg who received 65% of a vial daily (P less than .01). Vitamin E levels decreased after MVI Pediatric supplementation with 65% of a vial was discontinued (P less than .05). After MVI Pediatric was discontinued, some infants became vitamin E insufficient.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Collagen antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Significance of antibodies to denatured collagen and their association with HLA-DR4.

The frequency, specificity, and HLA associations of antibodies to collagen were examined in 54 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 67 control subjects, using native and denatured bovine type II collagen as reactants in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Reactivity to denatured collagen was significantly higher in the RA patients than in the controls (P = 0.004). Reactivity to native collagen was substantially lower than reactivity to denatured collagen and was similar in RA patients and controls. DR4 positive RA patients had significantly greater reactivity to denatured collagen compared with DR4 negative RA patients (P = 0.03), but levels of antibody to native collagen were similar among DR4 positive and DR4 negative patients. These data lend support to the idea that denatured collagen is an important secondary reactant in immune-mediated perpetuation of RA.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a pediatric multiple vitamin preparation for total parenteral nutrition in infants and children. I. Blood levels of water-soluble vitamins.

This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the response to the only intravenous vitamin preparation (MVI Pediatric) for infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition. Eighteen preterm infants (group 1), 26 term infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 2 to 4 weeks (group 2A), and eight infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 3 to 6 months (group 2B) were studied. Term gestation infants and children up to 11 years of age received daily vitamin doses that approximated the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances and coincided with the 1975 American Medical Association Nutrition Advisory Group total parenteral nutrition dosage guidelines for children weighing more than 10 kg. Preterm infants received 65% of these dosages. RBC transketolase (vitamin B1), glutathione reductase (B2), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (B6) activities were maintained at normal levels, and niacin levels were maintained within the reference range (7.1 +/- 0.32 micrograms/mL) in all study patients. Pantothenate, biotin, and ascorbate were maintained at reference levels in groups 2A and 2B. In group 1, ascorbic acid was increased significantly during treatment from 1.53 +/- 0.16 to 3.60 by seven days and to 2.54 +/- 0.62 by day 28 of treatment (reference normals = 0.99 +/- 0.1 mg/dL). RBC folate was maintained within the reference range of 411 +/- 76 pg/mL; however, pantothenate and biotin levels increased significantly to more than 2 SD above reference values during treatment, and vitamin B12 levels, which were above the reference range initially, were maintained at more than 2 SD above the reference range throughout treatment. The elevation in vitamin B12 was seen in both group 1 and 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a pediatric multiple vitamin preparation for total parenteral nutrition. II. Blood levels of vitamins A, D, and E.

This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the American Medical Association Nutrition Advisory Group (NAG) recommendations for intravenous vitamin A, D, and E dosages for infants and children. Patients studied included 18 preterm infants (group 1) and 26 term infants and children (group 2A) receiving total parenteral nutrition for 2 to 4 weeks and eight infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 3 to 6 months (group 2B). Term gestation infants and children up to 11 years of age all received the same dosages (those that were recommended by the NAG for children weighing more than 10 kg). Preterm infants received 65% of these doses. In group 1, cord blood alpha-tocopherol levels were less than 0.22 mg/dL in seven preterm infants (reference value = 0.29 +/- 0.04), but mean levels increased to 1.65 +/- 0.17 mg/dL after four days of treatment. Eight infants consistently received additional vitamin E orally (80 to 150 mg daily), and their levels increased to 2.18 +/- 0.26 mg/dL by four days of study and to 3.49 +/- 0.57 mg/dL after 3 weeks. Oral supplementation in the preterm infants appeared to be unnecessary because intravenous vitamins alone maintained levels above 1.1 mg/dL. In group 2, alpha-tocopherol levels were maintained within the reference range. Patients receiving lipid emulsions containing substantial quantities of alpha-tocopherol had significantly higher blood levels than patients receiving lipid emulsions containing little alpha-tocopherol (P less than .01). Mean 25-OH vitamin D levels were maintained above or within the reference range in groups 2A and 2B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1985

Effect of smoking on human natural killer cell activity.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in immune surveillance against tumors and viral infections. NK activity is depressed in patients who have a wide range of carcinomas, including carcinomas of the lung. Peripheral blood NK activity was measured in 22 nonsmokers, 15 light/moderate smokers, 12 heavy smokers, and 19 patients with carcinoma of the lung. Patients with carcinoma of the lung had marked depression in NK activity compared with nonsmokers. Light/moderate smokers had NK activity comparable to that of nonsmokers, whereas heavy smokers had marked depression in NK activity that was comparable to that of patients with carcinoma of the lung. These results suggest that smoking-induced alterations in NK activity may have a role in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated carcinoma of the lung.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1985

Sleep, sleep loss, and breathing.

Sleep and sleep loss have remarkable effects on breathing. Although sleep causes ventilatory disturbances of greater severity and variety than does sleep deprivation, the effects of sleep and sleep loss on respiration are similar. For example, both impair ventilatory drive and arousal responses to a variety of stimuli. Although the mechanism of impaired ventilation after sleep loss is not entirely understood, there is evidence to suggest that both respiratory muscle fatigue and central nervous system depression play a role. Patients who suffer from both disturbed sleep and lung disease are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of sleep disruption on breathing. Since sleep restoration returns many respiratory parameters to normal in sleep-deprived individuals, perhaps we should include rest in our treatment of certain patients with respiratory disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

DNA damage in isolated hamster and rat pancreas cells by pancreatic carcinogens.

N-Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)-amine (BHP) and N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl-2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) are pancreatic carcinogens in the Syrian golden hamster (SGH) but do not cause pancreatic tumors in rats. In this study, the ability of these three compounds to induce DNA damage in isolated pancreas cells from both species was determined by alkaline elution analysis. BOP was highly potent in SGH cells, causing DNA damage at concentrations as low as 0.5 micrograms/ml, and HPOP, although less potent than BOP, also caused considerable damage. Isolated SGH pancreas cells are thus able to metabolize BOP and HPOP to DNA-damaging species. Of the three compounds tested, only HPOP at higher doses (25-100 micrograms/ml) induced DNA damage in isolated rat pancreas cells. BHP did not damage rat or SGH pancreas cell DNA at concentrations up to 100 micrograms/ml, apparently due to lack of uptake of this compound by the cells. The observed insensitivity to DNA damage in rat cells is consistent with the resistance of the rat pancreas to carcinogenesis by these three compounds. The sensitivity of SGH pancreas cells to BOP- and HPOP-induced DNA damage correlates with the high carcinogenicity of these compounds for the SGH pancreas.

Animals↗