PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Price

Publications and source records attributed to B Price.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Analysis of current trends in United States mesothelioma incidence.

Mesothelioma incidence often is interpreted as an index of past exposure to airborne asbestos. The mesothelioma rate for US males exhibits an increasing trend throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. The trend has been attributed to occupational exposure in the shipbuilding industry during World War II, in manufacturing, and in building construction. Incidence data (1973-1992) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were used to investigate current trends in age-adjusted and age-specific mesothelioma rates. An age and birth-cohort model was used to project both lifetime probabilities of mesothelioma by cohort and the annual number of cases expected over the next 70 years. The current trend in female rates is flat (age-adjusted rate = 0.30 per 100,000). The estimated lifetime risk for females is 2.5 x 10(-4), independent of birth cohort. The projected average annual number of female cases is 500. For males, the age-adjusted mesothelioma rate is increasing solely due to the age group 75 years and over, albeit at a declining growth rate. Lifetime risk for males peaks at 2 x 10(-3) for the 1925-1929 birth cohort, then decreases to 5 x 10(-4) for the 1955-1959 birth cohort. The pattern of rates reflected in the age and birth-cohort model suggests a peak in the annual number of mesothelioma cases for males at 2,300 before the year 2000. The number of male cases then will drop during the next 50-60 years toward 500. These trends mirror the US trend in raw asbestos consumption and a reduction in workplace airborne asbestos levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Comparative genomic hybridization reveals previously undescribed amplifications and deletions in the chronic myeloid leukemia-derived K-562 cell line.

We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify a number of previously undescribed chromosomal imbalances in K-562, a spontaneously transformed cell line originally derived from leukemic cells of a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient in blast crisis. Noteworthy were a discrete amplification in band 13q31, increased copy number of chromosome arms 1q, 5p, 6p, and 16q, and loss of material from 8p, 9p, 10q, and 17p. Amplification within bands 9q34 and 22q11.2 was consistent with previous descriptions of increased copy number of the CML-specific 5'BCR-3'ABL fusion gene in K-562. However, amplification of a large distal segment, 9q31-->9q34, mostly proximal to the ABL locus, was unexpected and is unlikely to be related to BCR-ABL recombination. Previous karyotype studies are reviewed in detail and compared with the CGH findings.

Female↗
PubMed1997

A review of carbon disulfide exposure data and the association between carbon disulfide exposure and ischemic heart disease mortality.

Recent regulatory efforts have devoted attention to carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and its potential effects on the cardiovascular system. To investigate the association between CS2 exposure and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, the analysis presented here had the following objectives: (i) to review historical CS2 exposure data in the viscose rayon industry and identify trends and (ii) to use these historical data to suggest a standard mortality ratio (SMR)-exposure relationship and a threshold level for occupational exposure to CS2, CS2 exposure data were extracted from published studies and used with the SMR versus exposure score relationship developed by Sweetnam et al. (Br. J. Ind. Med. 44, 220-227, 1987) to relate SMRs directly to exposure. Upper and lower bound exposure profiles were derived and used to identify exposure thresholds. For an IHD SMR equal to 100, the upper and lower bound exposures were 60 and 20 ppm, respectively. The analysis indicates that the risk of IHD mortality and its relationship to CS2 exposure is meaningful only for workers exposed to high level for many years. These high levels, which existed many years ago, are no longer found in the workplace. The results of this analysis suggest a safe regulatory exposure level for CS2 between 15 and 20 ppm.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Defining quality student feedback in distance learning.

The quality of student feedback is of critical importance in distance learning. Students studying such courses may be geographically far removed from tutors, and limited contact opportunities necessitate a sharp and accurate focus upon aspects of study which link theory, research, clinical practice and written assessment closely together. An understanding of quality feedback begins with an appreciation of the role of distance learning course tutors and the education models which can usefully guide them. Quality also relies upon a close evaluation of support to students as courses are planned, launched and then monitored through course boards or their equivalent.

Education↗
PubMed1997

The febrile stress of routine vaccination does not increase central apnoea in normal infants.

We tested the hypothesis that the febrile stress of routine vaccination would increase central apnoea in normal infants. Twenty-one normal infants had continuous overnight breathing and temperature recorded at home, before and after 58 routine vaccination episodes. Central apnoea, of at least 5 sec duration, was detected by computer algorithm and confirmed by human inspection. The longest recorded apnoea was 16 sec (n = 1) during 3629 h of sleep. Overnight rectal temperature increased after vaccination (median 0.52 degrees C, 95% CI 0.40, 0.65). Apnoea density reduced on 46/53 vaccination nights (median -29%, 95% CI -20, -37) followed by an increase on subsequent nights (median +10%, 95% CI +1%,+21%). Overall, apnoea density was similar during the 3 nights preceding and 4 nights following vaccination (median +1%, 95% CI +9,-6). The febrile stress of routine vaccination did not increase central apnoea in normal infants.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1997

Acute renal failure due to lymphomatous infiltration of the kidneys.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is an unusual manifestation of lymphomatous infiltration of the kidneys. In this article, a patient whose initial presentation of lymphoma was the sudden onset of painless hematuria and ARF is described. The absence of other causes of ARF, together with massively enlarged unobstructed kidneys on renal ultrasonography, strongly suggested an infiltrative process. Renal biopsy established the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Pulse steroid therapy was associated with rapid improvement of renal function and kidney size, but a moderate degree of tumor lysis syndrome ensued. Further recovery followed with chemotherapy. Whereas widespread infiltration of the kidneys is present in almost one third of patients with lymphoma at autopsy, this rarely causes clinical symptoms. Nevertheless, because it often responds to therapy, lymphomatous infiltration should be suspected in any patient presenting with unexplained ARF and enlarged kidneys, especially in the setting of widespread lymphoma.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

Making midwifery decisions.

In order to share practice decision making with women, midwives need to understand their own tacit knowledge and some of the heuristic processes used to arrive at clinical decisions. Arguing that midwifery decision making is intuitive and artful is insufficient defence when accounting for professional practice. Explicit reasoning, individual and shared, should be well to the fore. Contrary to received wisdom, expert practitioners can share their midwifery reasoning with junior colleagues. Role modelling decision making process involves the senior midwife in understanding her own tacit knowledge and coming to terms with practice discussion as a pursuit of understanding, rather than a blame culture activity.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1996

A benchmark concentration for carbon disulfide: analysis of the NIOSH carbon disulfide exposure database.

A statistical analysis of the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure database was conducted for purposes of establishing a benchmark concentration (BMC) for CS2. The analysis addressed the effects of CS2 exposure on the peripheral nervous system and on ischemic heart disease risk factors. The BMC is based on models relating response to exposure determined from statistical analysis of the continuous exposure data for individuals recorded in the NIOSH database. The results demonstrate that changes in the responses associated with increases in CS2 exposure at levels represented in the NIOSH database are relatively small after adjustment for confounders. The only response variables that had statistically significant relationships with CS2 were the peroneal nerve MCV (motor conduction velocity) and the peroneal nerve amplitude ratio. Based on these results, BMCs of 16.2 and 18.5 ppm were derived for MCV and amplitude ratio, respectively.

Carbon Disulfide↗
PubMed1996

Mixed mode education learning and the use of textual resources.

Economic and market forces, as well as beliefs about sound educational practice, are prompting faculty to adopt mixed mode education, drawing upon both established and in-house material production. There is much to be gained, both from the student, purchaser and provider (institution and tutor) point of view, but implementation of such programmes requires careful planning. This paper stems from the 1994 Nurse Education Tomorrow Conference (Durham) and discusses pragmatic considerations when textual resources are used to fuel education innovation. It argues that the use of 'study guides' may free precious tutor resources for higher taxonomy roles, and afford opportunities to review the ways in which the management of effective learning can assist in the development of quality assurance criteria.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1996

Illness careers: the chronic illness experience.

The provision of skillful psychosocial care to patients suffering from chronic illnesses starts with an appreciation of what it is like to live with a chronic condition. Definitions of self-esteem may be realigned when patients encounter a prolonged problem, and reliance upon professional help. Getting inside the experience of such illness may be key to understanding patient motivation, noncompliance with therapy and altered patterns of social engagement. Individuals' personal constructs may usefully then be used to explore the extent to which chronic illness sufferers share common problems and needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Dementia and personhood: a focus for care?

The philosophy of nursing emphasizes the importance of holistic care delivered to an individual and their significant others through a shared understanding of the person. Dementia, however, strikes at the very nature of personhood, and carers are challenged to re-evaluate how care can be adjusted to help preserve dignity and independence during a very variable span of deteriorating mental function. This paper explores the impact of dementia on patients and carers through the meanings of self and body image which give individuality to each of us. It concludes by highlighting how recognition of this may assist carers to accommodate the necessary changes associated with the illness.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Breathing, sleep state, and rectal temperature oscillations.

Overheating may cause terminal apnoea and cot death. Rectal temperature and breathing patterns were examined in normal infants at home during the first 6 months of life. Twenty one infants had continuous overnight rectal temperature and breathing recordings for 429 nights (mean 20.4 nights, range 7-30) spaced over the first six months of life. Periods when breathing was 'regular' were directly marked on single night records. Sleep state was determined from respiratory variables. 'Regular' breathing was a reliable marker of 'quiet' sleep (specificity 93%). The duration of 'quiet' sleep increased from 6 to 22 minutes from two weeks to three months of age and then remained static, as did the proportion of sleep spent in the quiet phase (9% to 34%). Rectal temperature fell during 66% of quiet sleep and usually rose during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The drop in rectal temperature was maximal at the start of quiet sleep, whereas the maximum rise during REM sleep was reached after 10 to 15 minutes. Oscillations in rectal temperature are associated with changes in sleep and breathing state. The maturation of rectal temperature patterns during the first six months of life are closely related to a maturation of sleep state and breathing patterns.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Career change: moving into the community.

An informed move into community nursing involves an understanding of the organizational, professional and skill-based changes associated with this field of practice. There is a wide choice of educational courses relevant to community nursing practice. Selection should be based on a long-term career plan. Career choices should always include flexible options for future career change.

Career Mobility↗