Biomedical subjects
B R Gram
Publications and source records attributed to B R Gram.
Intraluminal pH in the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum in normal subjects and patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
In situ pH was measured simultaneously with microelectrodes in the stomach, duodenal bulb, midduodenum, duodenojejunal junction, and proximal jejunum. Fourteen healthy subjects and 8 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were studied under fasting conditions and for 3 h after a standard liquid meal. The luminal pH gradient was steepest in the proximal 10 cm of the duodenum, where acidity was reduced from pH 2 to pH 5 in the fasting state and from pH 1.7 to pH 4.3 in the second and third postprandial hour. Acidity was further reduced in the distal duodenum to a pH between 5 and 6 at the duodenojejunal junction. The frequent wide and rapid pH fluctuations seen in the duodenal bulb were gradually reduced along the duodenum and became rare in the jejunum. In patients with pancreatic insufficiency, duodenal or jejunal acidity did not differ significantly from the controls, with the exception of the single 10-min period occurring 70-80 min after the meal when duodenal bulb pH was 2.1 as compared with 3.1 in the normal subjects (p less than 0.05). All patients, including 2 patients with a very high duodenal acidity, demonstrated a duodenal pH gradient as steep as that found in the normal subjects, indicating sources of bicarbonate other than the pancreas.
[Unrecognized eclampsia after delivery].
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[Familial occurrence of porphyria cutaneous tarda. The biochemical background and own clinical studies].
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[Porphyria cutaneous tarda and pregnancy].
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Increased myometrial blood flow evoked by substance P.
Substance P (SP), a vasoactive neuropeptide, has recently been demonstrated in the female genital tract. In the present paper we have investigated the relationship between substance P (0, 0.065, 6.5, 650 pmol X min-1 X kg-1) administered by close intraarterial infusions, and myometrial blood flow (MBF). The MBF was measured by the 133Xe washout technique in ten non-pregnant, estrogen pretreated, female rabbits anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. SP increased MBF in a dose-dependent fashion. This effect was not influenced by cholinergic, adrenergic or enkephalinergic blocking agents, indicating a direct effect of substance P on vascular smooth muscle. Substance P may therefore play a physiological role in the local nervous control of myometrial blood flow.
Neuropeptides in the female genital tract: effect on vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle.
The presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin, enkephalin, and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) in nerves in the female genital tract raises the question of their physiological significance as neurotransmitter substances. We have examined the effect of these peptides on non-vascular uterine smooth muscle in vivo as well as in vitro, and the effect on blood flow in the genital tract of rabbit and cat. SP caused a dose-dependent increase in mechanical and myoelectrical activity, an action which could be antagonized by VIP. Substance P, leu-enkephalin and VIP induced a concentration related increase in blood flow of the uterus, where VIP seems to be the most potent vasodilator. Neither the effects on vascular nor on non-vascular smooth muscle were inhibited by adrenergic nor cholinergic blocking agents. APP was able to inhibit the VIP-induced vasodilation in rabbits. These findings suggest that several peptides are involved in the local nervous control of both uterine contractions and haemodynamic events.