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Biomedical subjects

B R Mirdha

Publications and source records attributed to B R Mirdha.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Comparative yield of different respiratory samples for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infections in HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals in India.

Respiratory specimens were prospectively examined for Pneumocystis carinii from 53 patients. The majority of specimens were comprised of expectorated sputum, induced sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), and tracheal aspirates. In only four patients Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii) was detected. All the samples were produced by broncho-alveolar lavage. Candida spp and Aspergillus spp were also identified in a small number of patients. Acid-fast-bacilli were not detected in any of the cases under study. There were no sex-related differences in distribution. The present prospective study was undertaken in order to determine P. carinii infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and seronegative individuals. Expectorated sputum samples were probably the major limiting factor in low positivity for detection of P. carinii and study of BAL specimens would be more useful for better results.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a rapid antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria.

A study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of a dipstick antigen capture assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein II antigen (Pf HRP-II) in peripheral blood to diagnose P. falciparum malaria. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was found to be 97 and 100 per cent respectively. The persistence of the antigen varied from 5 to 15 days after initiation of antimalarial therapy. The assay was simple to perform, rapid and easy to interpret. However, infection due to other species of human malaria parasites cannot be detected by this dipstick assay. Use of more sensitive technique like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would help in diagnosing cases with low parasitaemia and infection due to other plasmodial species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative buffy coat: a special adjunct for diagnosis of malaria.

Quantitative buffy coats (QBC) technique was compared with conventional blood film technique for the diagnosis of malaria in a tertiary care hospital. The QBC technique was found to be a rapid technique with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 94%. Malaria species identification was also possible. It was essentially very useful to detect parasites below < or = 100 parasites/ul of blood by QBC technique. However, quantification of parasitaemia could not be made using this technique. Many cases of carriers having very few gametocytes in their blood were also identified. It is therefore, concluded that the QBC technique, may be appropriate for screening populations for malaria and for detection of asymptomatic carriers to control further transmission of the disease in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Bone marrow examination for identifying malaria in fever of unknown origin.

To determine the utility of bone marrow examination for the diagnosis of malaria in patients with persistent fever for prolonged duration, we prospectively studied individuals undergoing diagnostic bone marrow examinations between January 1992 to December 1996. All marrow examinations of patients were examined microbiologically and resulted in diagnosis of malaria in 6.6% of the total patients studied. No case of bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal infection was diagnosed. The diagnostic efficacy of bone marrow for evidence of malaria was very useful in febrile individuals for whom the diagnosis was otherwise unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of fungal species in patients with funguria.

Fungal isolates recovered from urine samples of high risk group of symptomatic patients (n = 446) over a period of 12 months were identified and prevalence of different species was determined. Four Candida species viz., Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. pseudotropicalis accounted for 84 per cent (205) of the yeast species isolated. Seven different species of Candida were recovered, besides 5.3 per cent (13) unidentified yeast. Most of the yeasts were identified within 48 h. Funguria poses a management problem in seriously ill patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of direct gas-liquid chromatography of CSF in rapid diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis.

A comparison of culture and lactic acid level from 50 patients suffering from bacterial meningitis and 25 controls was done to evaluate the role of direct GLC analysis of CSF for early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The study revealed that the CSF lactic acid level was higher in 48 out of 50 cases. Only in 30 patients the causative agent of the disease could be established by conventional techniques. Quantitative estimation of lactic acid was found to be useful.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Latex agglutination test: an adjunct to the laboratory diagnosis of pyogenic bacterial meningitis.

Gram stain, culture and latex agglutination test (LAT) of cerebrospinal fluid were performed in 50 patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from pyogenic bacterial meningitis. Using all the three techniques, an aetiological diagnosis was made in 27 (54%). Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae were the infecting organisms in 21 cases (44%). There were 12 additional cases in which LAT was the only clue to the diagnosis as compared to conventional techniques. Propionibacterium acnes was isolated from one case of anaerobic meningitis. It is concluded that LAT is an adjunct to conventional techniques in the diagnosis of pyogenic bacterial meningitis, where the latter tests fail.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasmodium ovale malaria in Delhi.

A case of ovale malaria in a child from Delhi is reported. Urban malaria ecotypes caused by P. ovale has never been seen before. Characteristic morphological features of the parasite in stained blood film confirmed its identification.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of topical 0.3% ofloxacin to fortified tobramycin-cefazolin in the therapy of bacterial keratitis.

BACKGROUND: In this study we compared topical ofloxacin with a combination of fortified tobramycin sulphate and cefazolin sodium solutions in the treatment of culture-proved bacterial keratitis. METHODS: 30 eyes of culture-proved bacterial corneal ulcers of moderate severity were included in a prospective randomized, controlled, double-masked study for comparison. The cases were randomly allocated to treatment with 0.3% ofloxacin solution (Group I) and combination of fortified antibiotics (1.5% tobramycin and 5% cefazolin solutions--Group II as control) along with supportive cycloplegic, vitamins and antiglaucoma therapy. Time for healing of ulcer and subjective symptoms were main outcome measures. Student's t-test was used to compare the results. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the two most common organisms isolated. Resolution of the ulcer was achieved in 93% and 87% in the treated and the control group, respectively. The mean duration of symptomatic relief was 7.8 +/- 1.54 days in the treated group and 8.33 +/- 1.44 days in the control group; for epithelial healing it was 15.0 +/- 3.86 days in the treated group and 15.46 +/- 3.86 days in the control group. Post resolution the best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or better was achieved in all but one eye each in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both ofloxacin 0.3% and combined fortified tobramycin 1.5% and cefazolin 5% topical drops were comparable for treating cases of bacterial corneal ulcer of moderate severity. However, considering the easy availability and cost effectiveness of ofloxacin, a monotherapy with ofloxacin may be preferred over the combined, fortified tobramycin and cefazolin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic animals.

Serum samples from 107 goats, 40 sheep, 50 cows were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibody by indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) in dilutions of 1:10, 1:54, 1:162 and 1:486. Toxoplasma gondii-antibodies were found in 21 (19.6%), 10 (25%), 26 (52%), goat, sheep and cow sera respectively. No serum sample showed a titre higher than 1:162. All animals were kept in good hygienic condition. These results indicate that Toxoplasma gondii antibodies are widespread in animal populations which supports that toxoplasmosis is a widely spread zoonotic infection in this country.

Animal Diseases↗