PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B R Subramanyam

Publications and source records attributed to B R Subramanyam.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sonography of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Sonograms of six patients with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder were reviewed and correlated with oral cholecystographic and pathologic findings. The gallbladder was visualized in four of the six patients by oral cholecystography, which also revealed intramural diverticula. Five of the six patients showed sonographic evidence of diffuse or segmental thickening of the gallbladder wall and intramural diverticula, seen as anechoic or echogenic foci within the wall. Intramural diverticula containing bile appeared as anechoic spaces; those containing biliary sludge or gallstones appeared as echogenic foci with or without acoustic shadows or reverberation artifacts. There was good correlation between sonographic and pathologic findings in three patients. The authors conclude that adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder should be suspected when (a) there is diffuse or segmental thickening of the gallbladder wall and (b) intramural diverticula are seen as anechoic or echogenic foci with or without associated acoustic shadows or reverberation artifacts.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cystic renal disease in tuberous sclerosis.

The clinical and radiologic findings of tuberous sclerosis in three family members, which manifested as renal insufficiency due to extensive renal cystic disease, are described. The family was thought to have polycystic kidney disease until coexisting tiny angiomyolipomas were found among the cysts (by computed tomography in two patients and at autopsy in one). The radiologic and pathologic factors that establish the diagnosis of renal cystic disease associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Replacement lipomatosis of the kidney: diagnosis by computed tomography and sonography.

The sonographic and computed tomographic features in a case of replacement lipomatosis of the kidney are presented, along with pathologic correlation. Computed tomography demonstrated a staghorn calculus and marked atrophy of the renal parenchyma, along with diffuse increase in renal sinus and perirenal fat. Sonography showed thinning of the renal parenchyma and high-amplitude echoes throughout the kidney, corresponding to the increase in renal sinus fat. The prospective diagnosis of replacement lipomatosis, and differentiation from other causes of nonfunction of the kidney due to staghorn calculus, can be readily made.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The tethered spinal cord: diagnosis by high-resolution real-time ultrasound.

High-resolution real-time ultrasonography of the lumbosacral spine was performed in 10 control patients and in six patients with suspected spinal dysraphism. The spinal cord was readily visualized in both groups. Lack of ossification of the posterior arch of the spine in normal infants and the presence of a bony defect in patients with spina bifida permit sonographic investigation of the spinal canal and its contents. It is concluded that the diagnosis of spinal cord tethering can be established rapidly by high-resolution real-time ultrasonography, which may be used in screening patients with suspected occult spinal dysraphism.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Renal arteriovenous fistulas and aneurysm: sonographic findings.

Two cases of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula and one case of intrarenal arterial aneurysm that were prospectively evaluated by real-time sonography are presented. The cirsoid type arteriovenous fistula had a characteristic sonographic appearance and was seen as a cluster of tubular anechoic structures within the kidney; it was supplied by an enlarged renal artery and drained by a dilated renal vein. Both the fistula (aneurysmal type) and the renal artery aneurysm were associated with a peripheral thrombus in the wall of the aneurysm and a central tubular anechoic lumen. The arterial aneurysm was also associated with visible pulsations on real-time sonograms. When present, the sonographic features as seen in these cases should facilitate a correct diagnosis, or at least suggest a renal lesion of vascular origin to be confirmed by renal angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of pyonephrosis: a prospective study.

Sonograms of 73 patients with 92 hydronephrotic kidneys were prospectively reviewed in an attempt to differentiate hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis. Sonographic diagnosis of pyonephrosis was based on the presence of persistent internal echoes, dispersed or dependent, within the dilated pelvocaliceal system. In group 1, consisting of 38 patients without clinical evidence of renal infection, sonography revealed the collecting system distended by urine to be anechoic, for a specificity of 100%. In group 2, consisting of 34 patients with clinical suspicion of renal infection, sonography showed internal echoes within the fluid-filled collecting system in 10 cases; nine of these had pyonephrosis (sensitivity of 90%), and one had hemorrhagic debris without infection (false-positive rate 3%). In the other 24 patients, sonography correctly predicted the absence of infection in all but one case (specificity 97%, false-negative rate 10%). It is concluded that in patients with clinical suspicion of renal infection, sonography has a high degree of accuracy (96%) in the differentiation of pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Hematosalpinx in tubal pregnancy: sonographic-pathologic correlation.

Review of sonograms in 84 patients with documented tubal pregnancies yielded 15 cases with discrete, diffusely echogenic, adnexal masses (18%). All these cases were proven at surgery to represent hematosalpinx containing clotted blood. The characteristic sonographic findings in these cases enabled an accurate preoperative diagnosis in 12 consecutive patients. Hematosalpinx containing clotted blood was seen as a diffusely echogenic adnexal mass accompanied in most cases by areas of high-intensity echoes. Pelvic hemoperitoneum (five cases) was diffusely echogenic due to clotted blood, and its recognition enabled evaluation of the upper abdomen for extension of hemorrhage. The echogenicity of the adnexal mass and pelvic hematoma was similar to that of the uterus, resulting in obscuration of its contour. The following sonographic features are characteristic of tubal pregnancy in the proper clinical setting: (1) absence of intrauterine gestation; (2) diffusely echogenic adnexal mass with areas of high-intensity echoes; and (3) diffusely echogenic hematoma in the pouch of Douglas.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1983

Subchorionic bleeding in threatened abortion: sonographic findings and significance.

Fifty-six patients with clinical threatened abortion were evaluated by sonography. In six patients, fetal cardiac activity was absent at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation, and fetal death was confirmed in all six cases. In the other 50 patients, fetal cardiac activity was present at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation. In 10 (20%) of these 50 patients, subchorionic bleeding was present in various degrees, appearing sonographically as an extrachorionic crescentic anechoic or complex collection. The final outcome in the 50 patients with fetal cardiac activity was as follows: In the absence of subchorionic bleeding, 100% of the pregnancies progressed to term; in the presence of subchorionic bleeding the positive outcome was reduced to 80%. In addition to signs of fetal life on sonography, subchorionic bleeding is an important factor affecting the outcome of gestations in patients with clinical threatened abortion.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic evaluation of patients with portal hypertension.

The availability of real-time sonography has facilitated its use in the assessment of patients suspected of portal hypertension. Dilatation of the portal venous system may occur in portal hypertension, and a portal vein diameter greater than 13 mm is indicative of portal hypertension with a sensitivity of about 50%. Sonographic demonstration of lack of caliber variation of the portal system has a sensitivity of about 80%. The presence of venous collaterals can be demonstrated in about 90% of patients suitable for sonography. The coronary gastroesophageal varices can be seen in 90% when they are large sized, and in 65% when they are small sized. Other collaterals such as umbilical vein, duodenal varices, and gastrorenal and splenorenal varices can be detected. Sonography is a valuable screening procedure in the evaluation of portal hypertension and provides valuable information regarding the size and morphology of the liver and spleen, caliber and patency of the portal venous system, and the existence and location of the varices.

Collateral Circulation↗
PubMed1982

Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: analysis by computed tomography and sonography.

The sonographic and computed tomographic findings in 3 cases of diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are presented along with correlation with the pathological specimens. The combination of the findings in sonography and computed tomography in this condition enables one to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Calyces containing pus and/or xanthomatous tissue produced low-level echoes simulating preservation or thickening of the renal parenchyma on sonography. On CT the central low attenuation areas either gave negative values representing abundant xanthomatous tissue seen on gross pathology, or measured in the water density range representing a combination of pus and less abundant xanthomatous tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute cholecystitis: sonographic-pathologic analysis.

The study was performed to assess the pathogenic basis of sonographically demonstrable changes in the gallbladder wall in acute cholecystitis in an attempt to predict the degree of inflammation and to define a set of sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Sonograms in a control group of 30 patients (group A) without biliary tract symptoms, ascites, or cholelithiasis and 24 patients (group B) with proven diagnosis of acute cholecystitis were reviewed. The histologic sections of the gallbladder wall in the cholecystitis patients were correlated with sonographic findings. None of the gallbladders showed perforation at the time of pathologic evaluation. Data failed to show a correlation between the pathologic severity of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder wall and the degree of sonographic wall thickening and wall anechoicity. Of patients with acute cholecystitis, 70% met all of the following sonographic criteria: (1) gallbladder wallthickening of 5 mm or greater, (2) gallbladder wall anechoicity, (3) gallbladder distension, as determined by an external anteroposterior width of 4 cm or greater, and (4) cholelithiasis.

Acute Disease↗