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Biomedical subjects

B Raphaël

Publications and source records attributed to B Raphaël.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[The role fo function in the growth of form].

The cranio-facial shape is the outcome of growth, unequally influenced by heredity and environment. Even if limited, the influence of function is certain, and results essentially from neuromuscular behavior. This relationship imposes the taking into account and correction of any functional abnormality by training, during the correction of malocclusions.

Craniofacial Abnormalities↗
PubMed1997

[Maxillo-mandibular ++disharmonies].

The maxilla and mandible give the face its proportions and equilibrium, while remaining indissociable from the skull. The harmony of these structures is established according to two planes of reference: the base of the skull in a relationship of cranio-facial interdependence, the dental arch making the occlusal relationship a decisive factor in the concept of facial equilibrium. This occlusal obligation, criterion of normality and stability, confers all of the originality of orthognatic surgery, which must also take into account the periods of cranio-facial growth and oro-facial functions. The authors describe the modern concept of this surgery, the essential place of orthodontic preparation, and technical innovations such as computer-assisted simulation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Computer-assisted mandibular condyle positioning in orthognathic surgery.

PURPOSE: The correct placement of the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa during the osteosynthesis after the sagittal ramus osteotomy is often a problem. This article describes a computer-assisted positioning device. METHODS: The procedure is based on the use of a three-dimensional optical localizer to establish the condylar segment position. The operative procedure is only slightly different from the usual. RESULTS: The system is very easy to use, it does not require preoperative data acquisition, and the accuracy obtained is in fractions of a millimeter.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional fetal cephalometry.

Craniofacial growth has been the subject of numerous studies in which different techniques have been elaborated aiming to model this dynamic phenomenon in a rational manner. One of the methods employed is cephalometric analysis applied to the fetus. Generally, however, these studies are confined to the exploration of a single spatial plane (sagittal plane), whose orientation is never defined in a rigorous and perfectly reproducible manner. Thus, none of these analyses offers a formal growth model. This has led us to propose a new method of fetal cephalometric study taking into account criteria for proper reproducible analysis: spatial exploration of the head performed through three-dimensional tomodensitometric images and precise location of landmarks and reproducibility of the orientation of each image, which is assured by reference to the vestibular orientation (based on the external semicircular canals), as has been described by Girard and Perez and further developed by Fenart. When the labyrinth is developed, this orientation does not change during the growth stages of the head, even with craniofacial deformities. This permits application of this orientation on fetuses and the superposition of images of different subjects. The methodology is presented using two normal human fetuses, and the advantages of this computerized tool are discussed.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1995

[Unusual use of a tissue expander].

Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare but serious complication. Mediastinal shift leads to compression of the remaining main bronchus. Repositioning of the mediastinum in the midline allows partial or total recovery. To maintain mediastinal position, the pneumonectomy space must be filled by a tissue expander.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1991

Drainage of the scalp by the superficial temporal vein: surgical implications.

The arrangement of the veins of the scalp is not well-known. The drainage of the scalp by the superficial temporal v. was studied in 68 specimens dissected from unembalmed cadavers. After prolonged contraflow irrigation, the whole of the venous network drained by the trunk of the superficial temporal v. was injected from either side with latex. Depending on the method chosen to demonstrate the venous network, whether by direct observation or corrosion, the latex was stained with Evans' blue or with Latexol. The superficial temporal a. was also prepared by injection-corrosion in 16 cases. The diameter of the trunk of the superficial temporal v. in its preauricular portion was estimated as between 1.1 and 1.6 mm. Nine different types, classified by frequency, were recognised in the arrangement of the affluents of the superficial temporal v. In every case there was a main parietotemporal collector continued as the trunk of the superficial temporal v. The affluents joining the main collector varied in number (from 8 to 1) and in arrangement. Their anastomoses with the veins adjacent to the superficial temporal v. were numerous. The density of the secondary branches varied greatly with individuals. They were sometimes totally absent, particularly in the fronto-temporal region. Usually, the main collector was of sufficient caliber for microsurgical use and its course followed that of the parietal branch of the superficial temporal a., but in 4% of cases the main collector was too narrow to be so used and in 8% of cases its course did not follow that of the parietal branch of the superficial temporal a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

[Superficial temporal venous drainage and its risks. Surgical implications].

Certain failures in scalp surgery due to defective venous drainage have led the authors to reconsider the classical anatomical data concerning the temporofrontal venous network. The study conducted in the anatomy laboratory concerned 110 superficial temporal territories injected with various coloured polymerizable substances in order to visualize this network in the skin. This study enabled the authors to describe nine types of venous drainage, the surgical implications of which are discussed.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1990

[Three-dimensional imaging in plastic surgery. Application to the carpal bones and skull].

Since 1987, the authors have developed three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the carpus. This new application of imaging allows spatial visualization of the complex shapes of the carpal skeleton from all angles and from all illuminations. The development of this technique should lead to a better understanding of the intimate physiology of the carpus, allowing the construction of a model of the wrist enabling precise planning of operative procedures. It also helps to elucidate complex pathological images which are sometimes difficult to interpret on computed tomography scans. In parallel, the same process has been developed for the skull. It is particularly useful in cranio-facial surgery, especially in congenital deformities. Progress in this technique should allow surgical simulation on a video screen in the very near future.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1985

Anatomical basis of rectus abdominis myo-cutaneous flaps.

The recent development of myo-cutaneous flaps and their use in plastic and reconstructive surgery prompted the authors to have a particular interest in musculo-cutaneous flaps of the rectus abdominis. From their personal studies and from a review of the literature, they consider the anatomical bases for these flaps and the different methods proposed for their construction. Finally they indicate their vast area of application which is essentially related to the wide range over which they can act.

Abdominal Muscles↗