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Biomedical subjects

B Rath

Publications and source records attributed to B Rath.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Urinary calcium creatinine ratio and hypercalciuria.

Random urine samples of 352 children in the age group of 5-12 yrs were studied for urinary calcium-creatinine ratio (Uca/Ucr mg/mg). None had any predisposing factor for secondary hypercalciuria. Calcium and creatinine both were estimated by colorimetric method. We observed that Uca/Ucr in the general pediatric population was skewed, the pattern was similar to that described in western children and it was independent of age and sex. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of Uca/Ucr was 0.10 +/- 0.094. Considering mean +2SD as the upper limit of normal, which was 0.29 in this series, the prevalence of hypercalciuria was 6.5%.

Calcium↗
PubMed1994

[Effective erythrocyte exchange by means of a cell separator in sickle cell anemia].

Sickle-cell anemia is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies. The therapy consists of symptomatical measures like giving analgetics, decreasing blood viscosity, and red cell transfusions. We present a cascuistic of a 23-year-old Turkish female patient with a homozygous form of sickle-cell disease, who was treated with analgetics, multiple red blood cell transfusions and Desferal because of severe pain crises. From November 1992 until June 1993 we performed automated red cell exchange transfusions with six fresh, washed and leukocyte-depleted red blood cell units with a continuous flow cell separator (Cobe Spectra). We propose to prefer the exchange with the cell separator to the conventional transfusion therapy by manual exchange or a chronic transfusion program in severe sickle-cell crises.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal lesions: review of experience in the pediatric age group.

Review of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears from 121 pediatric patients with intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal lesions revealed 42 (34.7%) cases of neoplasms, 35 (28.9%) cases of tuberculosis, 12 (9.9%) cases of non-tuberculous inflammations, 4 (3.3%) cases of benign cystic lesions, and 28 (23.1%) inadequate/inconclusive cases. The age of the patients ranged from 20 days to 18 yr. Ultrasound and/or CT study done in 105 cases localized the lesions in following common sites: lungs (19 cases), mediastinum (22 cases), liver (14 cases), intestines (11 cases), and lymph nodes (17 cases). The neoplastic lesions consisted of 39 malignant, one suspicious, and two benign neoplasms. Among the neoplasms, the small round cell tumors were the most frequent (27 cases), followed by germ cell tumors (eight cases) and miscellaneous neoplasms (seven cases). The common small round cell tumors were non-Hodgkins lymphoma (eight cases), hepatoblastoma (seven cases), neuroblastoma (five cases), and nephroblastoma (three cases). A combined clinical, imaging, and FNA cytology approach was found to be useful in arriving at a tissue diagnosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity].

BACKGROUND: A number of acquired De-Toni-Debre-Fanconi-Syndromes have been reported after cytostatic treatment with Ifosfamide. For the majority of these patients prognosis of renal function was poor. In our study we evaluated the frequency of subclinical tubulopathies, the influence of the cumulative Ifosfamide dose and other risk factors and the prognosis of once established tubular dysfunction. METHODS: 79 patients after polychemotherapy regimens employing Ifosfamide (n = 39), Ifosfamide plus Cisplatinum (n = 35) or Cisplatinum (n = 5) were examined at least 3 months after completion of therapy. Beside the creatinine-clearance we evaluated glomerular and tubular function by measurement of transferrin, immunoglobuline G, Alpha-1-microglobuline and N-Acetyl-beta-D-Glucosamidaseexcretion and by tubular reabsorption of phosphate and aminoacids. RESULTS: Renal hyperaminoaciduria was found most often, and there was no linear correlation between the cumulative Ifosfamide-dose and phosphate reabsorption. A reduced glomerular filtration rate and glomerular proteinuria were found in about 10.5% of patients. Approximately half of the patients had tubular dysfunction. Impairment of phosphate reabsorption once established did not normalize in the majority of patients. Cisplatinum was found to worsen the Ifosfamide-induced tubulopathy. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate subclinical tubulopathy after Ifosfamide in a high proportion of patients. This Ifosfamide induced nephrotoxicity is worsened by Cisplatinum and seems to be irreversible for the majority of patients. To describe and to prevent Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity, further studies should focus on: 1. the identification of the risk-groups/patients and additional risk factors, 2. the estimation of the prognosis of once established renal damage, 3. the clarification of the pathomechanism.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

What makes red cells dysmorphic in glomerular haematuria?

Although red cell morphology has been used to localise the site of haematuria in the urinary tract, the cause of red cell deformity is still speculative. We have conducted experiments in vitro using venous red cells which indicate that hypochromia depends mainly upon sodium concentration and occurs when this falls below 75 mmol/l. We simulated the passage of red cells through the renal tubule by sequentially treating them with fluids of composition similar to those in different tubular segments, and produced anisocytosis and hypochromia but not the typical "bizarre deformity"--the hallmark of glomerular haematuria. We conclude that dual injury is required to produce the "typical" dysmorphic red cells in glomerular haematuria. First, mechanical damage caused by passage of red blood cells through the glomerular basement membrane followed by a second, osmotic, injury sustained by red cells during passage through the hypotonic tubular segment.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of pediatric training of interns in a teaching hospital.

This study was undertaken in a teaching hospital with residency system to evaluate Pediatric teaching of interns admitted to MBBS course (using the questionnaire method) and to find out ways to improve the existing system. It was seen that the present system increased the Pediatric knowledge of interns significantly (p less than 0.001). The study highlights what the contents of the course should be from the learners' point of view, the hindrances to their learning and some suggestions to improve training in future.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of light microscopy to localise the site of haematuria.

Red cell morphology was examined by light microscopy in 122 urine specimens from 99 patients with haematuria in an attempt to define the site of origin. Altogether 84% of glomerular bleeding and 91% of non-glomerular bleeding was correctly assigned according to diagnoses determined by renal biopsy in 51 patients and clinically in 48. The test should be interpreted with caution as both false positive and false negative results were observed, some in the same individual with unchanged pathology at different times. No advantage of phase contrast over bright field microscopy was apparent even when examining uncentrifuged urines.

Erythrocytes, Abnormal↗
PubMed1990

Monitoring the effect of heparin by measurement of activated clotting time during and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

The anticoagulant effect of heparin during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was monitored by measurements of the activated clotting time in two studies that compared the effects of a single bolus of heparin with those of a bolus of heparin combined with a continuous infusion of the drug. In a preliminary study 40 patients received a single heparin bolus of 10,000 units (protocol I) and a further 40 patients received both a heparin bolus of 10,000 and a continuous infusion of heparin at a rate of 2000 units per hour (protocol II). During the first 45 minutes, nine patients (23%) in protocol I but only two patients (5%) in protocol II were found to be inadequately anticoagulated. For 24 hours after angioplasty both groups received an infusion of heparin at the rate of 2000 units per hour which led to consistent anticoagulation in 73 (91%) of patients. In a subsequent randomised study, 40 patients received heparin according to either protocol I or II. Protocol II was again found to lead to a higher rate of adequate anticoagulation. During the first 60 minutes 11 patients (55%) in protocol I but only three patients (15%) in protocol II were inadequately anticoagulated. In addition, the activated clotting time of arterial blood in the first 30 minutes was significantly higher than that of venous blood in 70% of the patients. A bolus of heparin (10,000 units) together with an infusion of 2000 units per hour should be routinely given during coronary angioplasty. The effects of heparin, which can vary considerably from patient to patient, should be monitored by the measurement of the activated clotting time of arterial blood.

Adult↗