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Biomedical subjects

B Rawlings

Publications and source records attributed to B Rawlings.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Assessing nurse practitioner students using a modified objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

Limitations of applying the traditional final medical examination for the assessment of clinical competence of nurse practitioners are a matter of concern. This paper discusses a modified Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to assess physical examination skills of student nurse practitioners at Bournemouth University. This assessment was developed to standardize the evaluation of examining skills by using healthy volunteers from the student body as patients. This modified OSCE can be used as an assessment tool for formative and summative assessment, as a resource for learning, as a basis for abbreviated versions of physical examination assessments and to identify gaps and weaknesses in clinical skills. The emphasis, therefore, is not only on the product but also the process. The Bournemouth experience may be of interest to other organizations that are developing OSCEs for formative and summative purposes in nurse practitioner education.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1999

Preliminary results of the Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Youth in Puerto Rico: the first wave.

Preliminary findings are provided from the data collected in Puerto Rico through the Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Youth during the 1997-1998 school year. The study was conducted as a part of an initiative to increase participation in the Annual Survey among the deaf and hard of hearing school-age population in Puerto Rico. Demographic, instructional, etiological, audiological, and communication data on 336 deaf and hard of hearing school age children were collected and summarized. The findings suggest the existence of a heterogeneous deaf community rather than the traditionally conceived homogeneous community. The discussion emphasizes the description of those attributes that suggest heterogeneity and the urgent need to continue to collect the kind of data gathered in the survey. The authors urge that Puerto Rican educators and researchers be stimulated to address the educational and health-related needs of Puerto Rico's deaf and hard of hearing school-age population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Genetic epidemiological studies of early-onset deafness in the U.S. school-age population.

Profound, early-onset deafness is present in 4-11 per 10,000 children, and is attributable to genetic causes in at least 50% of cases. Family history questionnaires were sent to 26,152 families of children with profound, early-onset deafness not known to be related to an environmental cause. The probands were ascertained through the 1988-89 Gallaudet University Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth. The analysis is based on the responses that were received from 8,756 families. Classical segregation analysis was used to analyze the family data, and to estimate the proportions of sporadic, recessive and dominant causes of deafness in the families. These data were consistent with 37.2% of the cases due to sporadic causes, and 62.8% due to genetic causes (47.1% recessive, and 15.7% dominant). An earlier study using the 1969-70 Annual Survey found 49.3% sporadic cases and 50.6% genetic, demonstrating that the proportion of sporadic cases of early-onset deafness has significantly decreased since 1970.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Coming clean: the symbolic use of clinical hygiene in a hospital sterilising unit.

The hospital Theatre Sterile Supplies Unit cleans and provides sterile instruments for use in operating theatres. The strict standards of cleanliness, based on scientific notions of clinical hygiene, are maintained at the everyday level by people such as ancillary workers, nurses and doctors organising their activities, movements and understandings according to known rules. Since clinical hygiene is related to advanced microbiological discoveries, an instrument cannot be judged sterile by the naked eye. The judgement is made on the basis of what is believed to be happening to the instrument (e.g. processes it goes through; places it has been). The paper, based on an empirical study, notes the conceptual relationship between primitive and western notions of hygiene, and examines the ways that rules are used in the everyday accomplishment of instrument sterilisation.

Anthropology↗