Biomedical subjects
B Resnick
Publications and source records attributed to B Resnick.
Care and breeding of the Mexican hairless dog.
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Mass detection of significant bacteriuria. An improved triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) technique.
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Incorporation of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) into ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid of human tumor cells.
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The wheel that moves.
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A bladder scan trial in geriatric rehabilitation.
Urinary incontinence is a major problem in older adults. Research suggests that the key to successful management of urinary incontinence is careful evaluation. In recent years, bladder ultrasonography has become widely used in rehabilitation and outpatient settings. A pilot study was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of bladder ultrasound scanning in the assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence. The study took place in two rehabilitation units of a small orthopedic hospital. The study found that the bladder scanner enables nurses to do a complete assessment of bladder function without the need for invasive catheterization.
Geriatric rehabilitation: nursing interventions and outcomes focusing on urinary function and knowledge of medications.
This article describes the nursing interventions that focus on urinary function and medication knowledge of older adults in a geriatric rehabilitation program. The authors review the interventions needed to achieve bladder retraining and self-administration of medication and consider what predicts urinary function and knowledge of medication administration in older adults. The descriptive study included 251 consecutive patients who were admitted into a geriatric rehabilitation unit. An evaluation of urinary function was done on admission and based on patient need to (a) maintain urinary function, (b) decrease urinary incontinence, and (c) resolve urinary retention. All patients received routine medication teaching from admission to discharge during each daytime administration of medication. From admission to discharge, there was a decrease in incidences of urinary incontinence and urinary retention and an increase in knowledge of medication regimens. Although the study was descriptive, the findings suggested that nursing interventions in geriatric rehabilitation may decrease urinary incontinence and retention and improve knowledge of medication regimens in this population.
Predictors of functional ability in geriatric rehabilitation patients.
This study explored the impact that motivation, cognitive status, depression, age, and physical status have on the functional ability of older adults in a rehabilitation program. The study was based on a hypothesized model and was conducted with 200 patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit. Structural equation modeling was done to test the hypothesized model. The average age of participants was 78 years, and the majority were female, Caucasian, unmarried, and had been admitted for rehabilitation after an orthopedic event. The data fit the hypothesized model; however, only five paths were significant. Mental status was a significant predictor of function on admission and a direct and indirect predictor of function at discharge, and diagnosis and age directly predicted function at discharge.
Use of the Apathy Evaluation Scale as a measure of motivation in elderly people.
Motivation plays an important part in an elderly individual's ability to recover from a disabling event. On the other hand, apathy is a lack of motivation. The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) is an 18-item instrument that rates a person's thoughts, actions, and emotions over the previous 4 weeks. The purpose of this study was to use the AES with 102 patients in a geriatric rehabilitation program to determine if it predicted improved function after rehabilitation. In addition, a short 7-item version of the AES was tested. A strong correlation was demonstrated between the 18-item AES and the 7-item AES, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. In separate regression analyses, we found that admission function and both the 18-item and 7-item AES were significant predictors of discharge function, and that functional level at admission to rehabilitation accounted for 31% of the variance in function after rehabilitation. The findings suggest that the AES might be an appropriate measure of motivation in older adults and might predict success in rehabilitation. Moreover, the ability to identify patients with low motivation can alert healthcare providers to develop interventions to improve older adults' motivation and help them attain and maintain their highest functional level.
Wound care for the elderly. Each type of wound care product has advantages and disadvantages.
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Constipation; common but preventable.
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Health promotion practices of the older adult.
The purposes of this study were to explore the overall primary and secondary health promotion activities of a group of older adults who resided in a life care community. This was a descriptive study, and included 194 out of 200 residents who participated in a single face-to-face interview. The majority of the participants were female (80%), white (98%), and cognitively intact (Mini Mental Status Exam [MMSE] scores of 27.0 +/- 4.1). Those in the oldest age group were less likely to monitor their cholesterol intake, have their stools checked for occult blood, or have a mammogram or Pap test over the previous 2 years. The most common reasons for not having these tests were advanced age, not being told to by their primary health care provider, and no interest in pursuing abnormal findings. Health care providers should consider an individualized approach to health promotion and disease prevention and help the older adult make his or her own decisions regarding participation in these activities.
Atrial fibrillation in the older adult. Presentation and management issues.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia in older adults and the most common cause of embolic stroke. Diagnosis of this illness is a challenge in that the older adult may be asymptomatic and/or may present with such atypical symptoms as a change in function, mood, or cognition. This challenge is demonstrated in three vignettes of older individuals who presented with acute onset AF. Nurses need to evaluate older patients for AF so that prompt treatment can be initiated. This proactive approach can have a major impact on preventing strokes and improving the quality of life in these individuals.
Managing arthritis with exercise.
Almost half of all older adults have arthritis, either degenerative or inflammatory. Regular exercise is an important therapeutic intervention for all types of arthritis. Specifically, regular exercise can prevent deconditioning of the muscles, keep the joints stable, improve joint function and flexibility, decrease pain, enhance aerobic fitness, improve balance, and decrease falls. A comprehensive exercise program should include stretching exercises followed by a range-of-motion program for joints, muscle strengthening, and aerobic exercise, if possible. Unfortunately, despite these known benefits, most older adults with arthritis do not engage in regular exercise. The Seven Step Approach was developed to provide a practical framework to help overcome barriers and improve exercise activity in older adults with arthritis.
Re: The rough and ready jackknife' (erratum)
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Testing the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale.
BACKGROUND: The measure for self-efficacy barriers to exercise was developed for adults and revised on the basis of quantitative and qualitative research with older adults so it would be more appropriate for that age group. OBJECTIVES: To test the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale. METHODS: Initial reliability and validity testing was performed using a sample of 187 older adults living in a continuing care retirement community. The average age of the participants was 85 +/- 6.2 years, and most were White (98%), female (82%), and unmarried (80%). Face-to-face interviews were completed and included the SEE, the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the Expected Outcomes and Barriers for Habitual Exercise scale. Exercise activity was based on verbal report of participation in aerobic exercise (walking, swimming, biking, or jogging). RESULTS: There was sufficient evidence of internal consistency (alpha = 0.92), and a squared multiple correlation coefficient using structural equation modeling provided further evidence of reliability (R2 ranged from 0.38 to 0.76). There was evidence of validity of the measure based on hypothesis testing: Mental and physical health scores on the SF-12 predicted efficacy expectations, and efficacy expectations predicted exercise activity. Lambda X estimates (all estimates > or = 0.81) provided further evidence of validity. CONCLUSION: Preliminary testing provided evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEE scale. Future testing of the scale needs to be done with young old adults and subjects from different socioeconomic and cultural groups.
Model testing for reliability and validity of the Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale.
BACKGROUND: Development of a reliable and valid measure of outcome expectations for exercise appropriate for older adults will help establish the relationship between outcome expectations and exercise. Once established, this measure can be used to facilitate the development of interventions to strengthen outcome expectations and improve adherence to regular exercise in older adults. OBJECTIVES: Building on initial psychometrics of the Outcome Expectation for Exercise (OEE) Scale, the purpose of the current study was to use structural equation modeling to provide additional support for the reliability and validity of this measure. METHODS: The OEE scale is a 9-item measure specifically focusing on the perceived consequences of exercise for older adults. The OEE scale was given to 191 residents in a continuing care retirement community. The mean age of the participants was 85 +/- 6.1 and the majority were female (76%), White (99%), and unmarried (76%). Using structural equation modeling, reliability was based on R2 values, and validity was based on a confirmatory factor analysis and path coefficients. RESULTS: There was continued evidence for reliability of the OEE based on R2 values ranging from .42 to .77, and validity with path coefficients ranging from .69 to .87, and evidence of model fit (X2 of 69, df = 27, p < .05, NFI = .98, RMSEA = .07). CONCLUSION: The evidence of reliability and validity of this measure has important implications for clinical work and research. The OEE scale can be used to identify older adults who have low outcome expectations for exercise, and interventions can then be implemented to strengthen these expectations and thereby improve exercise behavior.