Sex education for delinquent boys--unveiling the taboo.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
B Riordan
Publications and source records attributed to B Riordan.
Clinical skin temperature measurement to predict incipient pressure ulcers.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate temperature differences between areas of erythema and surrounding healthy tissue to determine whether clinical temperature measurement of sites at risk for pressure ulcer development could be used to indicate tissue damage. To validate the temperature portion of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's new Stage I pressure ulcer definition. DESIGN: Repeated measures design. SETTING: Acute rehabilitation hospital. SUBJECTS: 65 outpatients and inpatients presenting with pressure-induced erythema at areas at risk for pressure ulcer development. The subjects were primarily non-ambulatory and exhibited a range of skin pigmentation and disabilities, including spinal injury, multiple sclerosis, and lower-limb amputations. MAIN RESULTS: The temperature and appearance of 80 pairs of erythematic and control sites were documented. Sites were considered to have equal temperatures if the difference was within plus or minus 1.0 degree F. Fifteen percent (n = 12) of the erythematic sites were the same temperature as the surrounding tissue, 23% (n = 18) of the erythematic sites were cooler than the control sites, and 63% (n = 50) were warmer. CONCLUSION: Both increased and decreased temperature differences can be used to indicate reactive hyperemia or a Stage I pressure ulcer, but a tissue integrity problem may still exist despite the absence of a temperature difference.
Persons with Disabilities↗
Testing the validity of erythema detection algorithms.
Dermatology has quantified skin color for monitoring progress of treatments. The most common and effective means of erythema detection is visual inspection of the skin. However, for people with darkly pigmented skin, erythema can be masked by melanin. Tissue Reflectance Spectroscopy (TRS) is a noninvasive method of quantifying skin color. Most commonly, TRS quantifies erythema caused by cosmetics, topical ointments, UV light, or other irritants. Recently, TRS has been used to characterize the presence of erythema due to reactive hyperemia or Stage I pressure ulcers. The objective of this study was to compare the reliability and validity of erythema detection algorithms by determining their sensitivity and specificity. Two algorithms, Diffey and Helen Hayes Hospital (HHH), had sensitivity exceeding 85% and specificity exceeding 75%, but most algorithms demonstrated adequate validity across all subjects. The validity of the HHH algorithm did not change with the skin pigmentation of the subject. The results of this comparison will be useful to researchers interested in using TRS to detect erythema in people with different skin pigment levels.
Algorithms↗