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Biomedical subjects

B Roge

Publications and source records attributed to B Roge.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The use of and response to second-line protease inhibitor regimens: results from the EuroSIDA study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of second line protease-inhibitor (PI) regimens across Europe and to determine factors associated with virological and immunological response. DESIGN: Analysis of data from 984 patients with a median follow-up of 21 months enrolled in EuroSIDA. Patients started their second PI-containing regimen at least 16 weeks after starting the first PI-containing regimen and with viral load > 1000 copies/ml. METHODS: Virological response was defined as a viral load < 500 copies/ml and immunological response as an increase of 50 x 10(6)/l or more in CD4 lymphocyte count. RESULTS: The median CD4 cell count at starting the second PI was 171 x 10(6) cells/l; viral load was 4.45 log copies/ml. As a second PI regimen, 45% were using a dual PI, while of those on one PI, indinavir (42%) and nelfinavir (34%) were most common. In multivariate Cox models, a higher viral load at starting the second PI [relative hazard (RH), 0.67 per 1 log higher; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58-0.77; P < 0.0001) and a lower CD4 cell count (RH, 1.15 per 50% higher; 95% CI, 1.06-1.26; P = 0.0014) were associated with a reduced probability of virological response. Those who had achieved viral suppression on the first PI-regimen were more likely to respond to the second (RH, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.30-2.10; P < 0.0001) as were those who added one or two new nucleosides to their second PI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who initiate a second PI regimen at lower viral load, higher CD4 cell count or who added new nucleosides tended to be more likely to achieve a viral load < 500 copies/ml. The roles of cross-resistance and adherence in response to second-line regimens needs further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[The surface of epiphyses of the knee: index of the duration of neonatal hypothyroidism].

The surfaces of the epiphyses of the knees were calculated in 34 neonates with hypothyroidism detected with a systematic screening and in 32 normal neonates. In the group of neonates with hypothyroidism, the surface of the lower femoral point was 12.7 +/- 0.9 mm2 and that of the upper tibial point 1.8 +/- 0.9 mm2. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) for both epiphyses between children of the 2 groups. The use of mathematical formula excluding non specific factors showed significant correlation between the corrected values for lower femoral points, and T4 and T3 plasma levels. These corrected values were higher in neonates with thyroid ectopia than in neonates with thyroid aplasia. There was also a significant correlation between the corrected values for lower femoral points and the IQ at 6 months and 2 years. Thus, the calculation of the surface of the epiphyses of the knee may be considered as a criterion of duration and severity o hypothyroidism and may be an index for the determination of the ante- or post-natal onset of the disease.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1980

[Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism by measurement of both T4 and TSH in dried blood eluates (author's transl)].

Systematic screening for neonatal hypothyroidism has been undertaken since January 1977 in Southern France by the measurement of both T4 and TSH in dried blood eluates. 76,432 measurements were performed in 3 years and 22 cases of hypothyroidism were detected. There were several advantages of this method; detection of all forms of thyroid disease, immediate diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism with T4 < -2 S.D. and TSH > 80 microU/ml, decrease in the number of false positive results, detection of some false negative values with normal T4 but high TSH values. In Southern France the frequency of thyroid abnormalities is 1/34,000 births. The causes of these abnormalities in 22 cases was as follows: Absent thyroid (10), ectopic thyroid (11) and one thyroid in the normal position. In all cases TSH levels were above 80 microU/ml but in six cases with ectopic thyroids the T4 levels were between -1 and -2 S.D. These cases would not have been detected with T4 measurements alone.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of psychomotor development in hypothyroidism detected at birth].

Thirty-five children in whom hypothyroidism was detected at birth were studied with respect to psychomotor development. A 5 year-follow-up was obtained in a few cases. The I.Q. was established using Brunet-Lezine's test or Griffith's test after age 30 months. Global quotients where normal: 98 + 10 at 6 months, 96 + 7 at 1 year, 99 + 7 at 3 years, 97 + 7 at 4 years and 97 + 4 at 5 years. Partial development quotients were normal concerning coordination and sociability. A transitory decrease was found at 1 year concerning posture and at 2 and 3 years concerning language, both returning to normal by age 4. These results were correlated with several factors: there was no significant difference between athyroidism and ectopia at the different ages but a difference appeared for partial development quotients at 2 and 3 years. There was no correlation between development quotients, clinical scores and dates of diagnosis. On the contrary, a significant correlation was found global development quotients at 6 months and the surfaces of epiphyses. Finally, a precise neurological evaluation showed an impairment of posture, coordination and fine movements of the extremities.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychopharmacology of autism].

Results of recent studies in pharmacotherapy in autism are presented. Haloperidol, fenfluramine and naltrexone have been the most extensively studied drugs in systematic research. Haloperidol appeared to decrease levels of hyperactivity, stereotypies, emotional lability but also abnormal object relations and social withdrawal. However, the therapeutic effect was generally modest and long term administration was associated with dyskinesias in autistic children. The frequent hyperserotonemia in autism has suggested the use of fenfluramine, an antiserotoninergic agent. Although the initial reports were optimistic, more recent carefully designed studies often failed to show that fenfluramine was superior to placebo. Naltrexone, a potent opiate antagonist, was explored following the opioid hypothesis based on the similarity between autistic symptomatology and abnormal behaviors observed in opiate addicts and in laboratory animals administered opiates and on the abnormalities of endogenous opioids that exit in a subgroup of autistic children. However, the current studies do not concur and no definite conclusions can be made of the efficacy of naltrexone at present time. Low doses of amisulpride which have been shown to improve negative symptoms in schizophrenia and serotoninergic antidepressants, which have proven effective in repetitive and ritualized behaviors, have recently began to be evaluated in controlled studies. At present time, no medication has shown to alter the course or the symptoms of autism, but some seem to be effective in reducing severe aberrant behaviors.

Adolescent↗