PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Rosenblum

Publications and source records attributed to B Rosenblum.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Mutations responsible for adaptation of hepatitis A virus to efficient growth in cell culture.

Chimeric genomes of hepatitis A virus strain HM-175 were constructed from cDNA clones of the wild-type virus and its cell culture-adapted variant. RNA transcribed in vitro from each construct was assayed for infectivity by transfection of cultured cells. RNA transcribed from the wild-type cDNA clone was minimally infectious and produced virus that grew inefficiently in vitro, whereas that transcribed from certain chimeric genomes consistently produced virus that grew efficiently in cultured cells. Mutations in the P2 region were found to be necessary for efficient virus growth in vitro, while mutations in the 5' noncoding region imparted a conditional enhancement of growth in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Upper thoracic disk herniation secondary to vertebral metastases.

Thoracic disk herniations are exceedingly rare, particularly those in the upper thoracic region. The etiology of these protrusions is generally considered to be either traumatic or degenerative in nature. A case of upper thoracic disk herniation secondary to destructive changes caused by breast cancer metastatic to the vertebral body is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Attenuation and cell culture adaptation of hepatitis A virus (HAV): a genetic analysis with HAV cDNA.

RNA transcripts of hepatitis A virus (HAV) HM-175 cDNA from attenuated, cell culture-adapted HAV were infectious in cell culture. A full-length HAV cDNA from wild-type HAV (propagated in marmosets in vivo) was constructed. Chimeric cDNAs that contained portions of both wild-type and attenuated genomes were produced. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to engineer a point mutation into the VP1 gene of attenuated HAV cDNA, so that the sequence of this capsid protein would be identical to that of the wild-type virus. Transfection of monkey kidney cells with RNA transcripts from several of the chimeric cDNAs and from the mutagenized cDNA induced production of HAV. Comparison of the growth of attenuated, wild-type, chimeric, and mutant viruses in vitro indicated that the P2-P3 (nonstructural protein) region is important for cell culture adaptation of the virus; the 5' noncoding region may also contribute to adaptation, but to a lesser extent. Inoculation of marmosets with transfection-derived virus also suggested that the P2-P3 region plays an important role in attenuation of HAV HM-175.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sequence comparison of woodchuck hepatitis virus replicative forms shows conservation of the genome.

The complete nucleotide sequence of virion DNA from two isolates of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV 7 and WHV 59) was determined along with the sequence of supercoiled DNA from one of those isolates (WHV 7). The sequences of the two WHV isolates were compared with the previously published sequences of two other isolates (WHV 1 and WHV 8). The range of nucleotide sequence variation of the four isolates (1 to 3.5%) was similar to those of HBVs of the same subtype (1.5 to 2%), but less than those of HBVs of different subtypes (8 to 10%). When amino acid sequences from the four WHV isolates were aligned, a consensus sequence could not be obtained at 13 sites. At 11 of 13 sites (7 in polymerase, 2 in presurface, 1 in surface, and 1 in the X region) the viruses could be grouped into pairs, so that WHV 1 and WHV 59 shared one amino acid and/or WHV 7 and WHV 8 shared a different amino acid. WHV 7 was passaged twice in woodchucks and supercoiled DNA was isolated. The nucleotide sequence of WHV 7 supercoiled DNA (derived from liver) was compared to that of WHV 7 virion DNA (derived from serum). Sequence comparison of virion and free supercoiled DNA from WHV 7 showed no nucleotide changes, except for a single nucleotide deletion thought to represent an error during molecular cloning or a defective viral genome. Thus, the nucleotide sequence of two different replicative forms of WHV DNA, separated by two in vivo passages, were virtually identical.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

The psychiatric uses of cold wet sheet packs.

The cold wet sheet pack is a treatment that is seldom discussed anymore. The authors present results of a national survey which demonstrated that this treatment is rarely used in modern American psychiatry. They retrospectively review its recent use for 46 hospitalized psychiatric patients and conclude that the treatment is safe and has interesting and useful effects that go beyond the concept of simple restraint. Further study of treatment with cold wet sheet packs is recommended before it disappears altogether.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Incisional adenocarcinoma after intracranial metastasis resection.

Skin and subcutaneous secondary tumors are unusual, especially in cases of colonic adenocarcinoma. They usually signify disseminated metastases. A rare case of an isolated incisional tumor after resection of a metastasis to the cerebellum is presented. The pathophysiology and management of such an event is discussed. The clinical setting suggests that this occurrence represented the result of microscopic deposits of neoplastic cells in the wound rather than hematogenous spread.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Complete nucleotide sequence of an attenuated hepatitis A virus: comparison with wild-type virus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of an attenuated hepatitis A virus, HAV HM-175/7 MK-5, was determined from cloned cDNA. This virus was derived from wild-type HAV HM-175 after 32 passages in African green monkey kidney cells. The resultant cell culture-adapted virus is attenuated for chimpanzees. This virus was passaged an additional three times in monkey kidney cells to obtain sufficient virus for molecular cloning and was designated HM-175/7 MK-5. Three overlapping cDNA clones were obtained that together spanned the entire genome. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of cDNA from wild-type virus (propagated in marmoset liver in vivo) with attenuated virus (grown in cell culture) showed 24 nucleotide changes distributed throughout the genome. Five base deletions occurred in the 5' noncoding region, and 12 of the 16 base substitutions in the coding region resulted in amino acid changes. Amino acid changes occurred in viral capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 and several of the nonstructural proteins. Thus, a small number of nucleotide changes are responsible for adaptation to cell culture and attenuation of HAV strain HM-175.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hepatitis A virus cDNA and its RNA transcripts are infectious in cell culture.

A full-length cDNA copy of an attenuated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus (HAV HM-175/7 MK-5) genome was constructed in the PstI site of plasmid vector pBR322. Transfection of monkey kidney cells with this plasmid failed to induce the production of hepatitis A virus (HAV). The HAV cDNA was excised from pBR322 and inserted, without the oligo(dG) X oligo(dC) tails, into an RNA transcription vector to yield plasmid pHAV/7. Transfection of monkey kidney cells with pHAV/7 DNA induced HAV infection. Transfection with RNA transcripts produced in vitro from pHAV/7 yielded about 10-fold more HAV than did transfection with pHAV/7 DNA. Marmosets inoculated with transfection-derived virus developed anti-HAV antibodies and had liver enzyme patterns that closely resembled the liver enzyme patterns seen in animals inoculated with virus from a comparable level of cell culture passage. Infectious RNA transcripts from HAV cDNA should be useful for studying the molecular basis of cell culture adaptation and attenuation as well as for studying specific viral functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Middle fossa facial schwannoma removed via the intracranial extradural approach: case report and review of the literature.

A case of an intracranial facial schwannoma originating from the geniculate ganglion in a patient without neurofibromatosis is presented. Preoperative diagnosis and determination of site of origin along the facial nerve course is stressed through analysis of radiographic and clinical features. The tumor was completely removed using an intracranial, extradural approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVM's in 81 patients.

The medical records and arteriograms of 81 patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) were reviewed, and the vascular lesions were classified as dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulas or intradural AVM's. Intradural AVM's were further classified as intramedullary AVM's (juvenile and glomus types) and direct AV fistulas, which were extramedullary or intramedullary in location. Dural AV fistulas were defined as being supplied by a dural artery and draining into spinal veins via an AV shunt in the intervertebral foramen. Intramedullary AVM's were defined as having the AV shunt contained at least partially within the cord or pia and receiving arterial supply by medullary arteries. Of the 81 patients, 27 (33%) had dural AV fistulas and 54 (67%) had intradural AVM's. Several dissimilarities in clinical and radiographic findings of the two subgroups were evident. The patients with intramedullary AVM's were younger; the age at onset of symptoms averaged 27 years compared to 49 years for dural AV fistulas. The most common initial symptom associated with dural AV fistulas was steadily progressive paresis, whereas hemorrhage was the most common presenting symptom in cases of intramedullary lesions. No patients with dural AV fistulas had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Activity exacerbated symptoms more frequently in patients with dural lesions. Associated vascular anomalies occurred only in cases of intradural AVM's. In 96% of the dural lesions the AV nidus was in the low thoracic or lumbar region; in only 15% did the intercostal or lumbar arteries supplying the AVM also provide a medullary artery which supplied the spinal cord. In contrast, most intradural AVM's (84%) were in the cervical or thoracic segments of the spinal cord and all of them were supplied by medullary arteries. Transit of contrast medium through the intradural AVM's was rapid in 80% of cases, suggesting high-flow lesions. Forty-four percent of the patients with AVM's of the spinal cord had associated saccular arterial or venous spinal aneurysms. No dural AV fistulas displayed these characteristics. A good outcome occurred in 88% of patients with dural AV fistulas after nidus obliteration, while 49% of patients with intramedullary AVM's did well after surgery or embolization. These findings suggest that dural and intradural AVM's differ in etiology (acquired vs. congenital) and that they have different pathophysiology, radiographic findings, clinical presentation, and response to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hemodynamic analysis of associated extracranial atraumatic vertebral artery aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula. Case report.

A case of atraumatic arteriovenous (AV) fistula of the extracranial vertebral artery associated with an atraumatic aneurysm of the contralateral extracranial vertebral artery is reported. The fistulous lesion was excised after distal and proximal ligation of the vessel. Subsequently, the contralateral aneurysm underwent spontaneous dissolution. Seven cases of extracranial vertebral AV fistulae associated with ipsilateral vertebral artery aneurysms (four traumatic and three as part of vascular dysplastic syndromes) have been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma. Case report.

The case of a Turner's syndrome patient with an intracavernous hemangioma is presented. The rarity of this lesion is stressed, as is surgical removal without postoperative deficit, the role of estrogens in the pathogenesis, and the clinical and radiological findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Oncogenes: preliminary studies in head and neck cancer.

DNA has been extracted from squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx, base of tongue, and nasopharynx. These tumors were excised from patients at the St. Louis University Medical Center and processed at the Institute for Molecular Virology of the St. Louis University Medical Center. NIH/3T3 cells were transfected with the DNAs from these cancers. Malignant, transformed foci of NIH/3T3 cells have been observed. These foci have been cloned and grown in quantity. The cloned foci have been injected into nude mice with the production of highly malignant sarcomas. DNA extracted from these sarcomas has shown homology with human DNA on hybridization analyses of both nasopharynx and tongue cancer. Further hybridization studies are being conducted on the larynx cancer-induced sarcomas and on the DNAs taken from the original transformed foci of NIH/3T3 cells transfected with squamous cell cancers of the larynx, nasopharynx, and tongue base. Our preliminary results indicating the presence of human sequences in the mouse sarcomas support the hypothesis that human cellular transforming gene(s) may be present in the DNA isolated from the head and neck cancers. Additional studies will include repetitive retransfection of NIH/3T3 cells, molecular cloning of putative oncogenes, and DNA sequence analysis of the cloned oncogenes. It is hoped that identification of putative oncogene sequences will result in the identification of the proteins coded for by the specific nucleotide sequences responsible for malignant cellular transformation by DNA extracted from head and neck tumors.

Animals↗