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B Rozdilsky

Publications and source records attributed to B Rozdilsky.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in parkinsonism--a prospective study.

Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's syndrome (PS) is reasonably easy in most cases but the distinction between different variants of PS may be difficult in early cases. The correct diagnosis is not only important for counselling and management of patients but also in conducting pharmacological and epidemiological studies. There is very little critical literature on the pathological verification of the clinical diagnosis in PS. We report our 22 years experience to address that issue. Between 1968 and 1990, 65 PS patients came to autopsy. Complete data are available in 59 (M-50, F-19) cases. The initial diagnosis made by a qualified neurologist was idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) in 43 cases. Of those 28 (65%) had Lewy body pathology. After a mean duration of 12 years the final diagnosis was IPD in 41 cases which was confirmed in 31 (76%). The IPD could not be clinically distinguished from cases with severe substantia nigra neuronal loss without inclusions or from those with neurofibrillary tangle inclusions and neuronal loss at the anatomical sites typically involved in IPD. All progressive supra-nuclear palsy, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Jakob-Creutzfeldt's disease and the majority of the multiple system atrophy cases were diagnosed correctly during life. The correct clinical diagnosis in most non-IPD variants of PS was possible within 5 years of onset (range: 2 months to 18 years). We recommend that studies aimed at including only the IPD cases restrict the enrollment to those cases that have had PS motor manifestations for five years or longer duration.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Occurrence of resting tremor in Parkinson's disease.

Several previous studies have noted that resting tremor (RT) is absent in 10% to 30% of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients. We report our 22-year observations in 47 pathologically verified parkinsonian patients. In all the IPD cases with median follow-up of 3.7 years, RT was noted on at least one evaluation. Among other parkinsonian syndrome variants characterized by widespread subcortical pathology with median follow-up of 2.86 years, RT was seen in 31% of the cases. Our data indicate that the sites typically involved in IPD are sufficient to produce RT.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Clinicopathologic observations in essential tremor: report of six cases.

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common pathologic tremor, but only eight cases have been studied pathologically. We report detailed clinical and neuropathologic studies of six additional patients. We did not find any neuropathologic lesions that might be specific for ET. Moreover, there were no abnormalities of the substantia nigra consistent with Parkinson's disease. The neuropathologic substrate of ET remains unknown.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Levodopa efficacy and pathological basis of Parkinson syndrome.

Levodopa is the most effective drug for symptomatic control of Parkinson syndrome (PS). We report a 22-year clinicopathological study of 59 PS cases. Of the entire group, 37 (63%) had an adequate trial on levodopa. Some improvement was noted on that drug in 24 (65%) cases. Improvement was seen in 94% of idiopathic Parkinson's disease cases as well as in all cases in which the pathology was characterized by neuronal loss in the substantia nigra without Lewy body inclusions. Improvement was also noted in 60% of patients with the dual pathology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and in one-third of early multiple system atrophy cases. We conclude that improvement on levodopa is a strong indication that the pathological basis of the parkinsonism is the damage to substantia nigra neurons. A favorable response to levodopa, however, is not an indication of idiopathic (Lewy body) Parkinson's disease.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Parkinsonism and neurofibrillary tangle pathology in pigmented nuclei.

Four parkinsonian patients had neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, and gliosis restricted to the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. No Lewy body inclusions or other neuropathological changes accounting for parkinsonism were found in any of these patients. Their clinical features were characterized by an early age of onset, absence of dementia, absence of other neurological abnormalities, good response to drug therapy, and a long, slowly progressive course of illness. None of the patients had any history of encephalitis. These patients either represent a forme fruste of postencephalitic parkinsonism or a new entity thus far not described.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A new type of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion: histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical studies.

A novel type of non-viral cytoplasmic inclusion is described, which was seen in virtually every neuron in the brain and spinal cord of a child with a presumed metabolic disorder whose clinical picture and CNS pathology were compatible with Leigh Syndrome. The ovoid to round inclusions were sharply demarcated, measuring up to 11 microns in diameter. They showed no distinctive staining with a battery of routine histological techniques. The ultrastructural features are unique, comprising non-membrane-bounded aggregates of randomly oriented plate-like structures with parallel linear densities depicting a periodicity of 11-16 nm. Immunocytochemical studies revealed strong staining with antisera to tropomyosin and weaker staining with antisera to actin. There was no reactivity with antibodies against neurofilaments, microtubules and their associated proteins, paired helical filaments, ubiquitin, vinculin or alpha-actinin. It is postulated that the metabolic disorder resulted in a neurodegenerative condition which manifested pathologically with lesions compatible with those of Leigh Syndrome. Associated with the condition was the discrete accumulation of cytoplasmic proteinaceous components, including tropomyosin, in the form of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions possibly resulting from an alteration of the neuronal cytoskeleton.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1978

Internal carotid artery embolism by shotgun pellet.

Various examples of foreign body embolization of cerebral arteries, usually followed by serious consequences, have been reported (Lindberg et al., 1961; Chason et al., 1963; Steele et al., 1972; Wetli et al., 1972). However, a shotgun pellet entering the left atrium of the heart through a gunshot wound of the chest with subsequent embolic occlusion of one of the carotid arteries appears to be unique. It is the subject of this short communication.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hydranencephaly in association with Roberts syndrome.

A clinicopathological study in a case of Roberts syndrome (tetraphocomelia, cleft lip and palate, and phallic hypertrophy) is reported. This patient had hydranencephaly and impeperforate anus, two additional congenital abnormalities so far not reported in this syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Evidence for the presence of m-tyramine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, and phenylethylamine in the rat brain and several areas of the human brain.

Postmortem human brains have been obtained from four nonpsychiatric patients, aged 59-70 years. Regional analysis of the trace amines phenylethylamine, p-tyramine, m-tyramine, and tryptamine has indicated that the amines are distributed heterogeneously throughout the brain, but are most concentrated in the basal ganglia. Although the levels are very low, evidence obtained from animal studies has indicated that the trace amines have a very rapid turnover rate. Their presence in a brain synaptosomal fraction suggests a possible involvement in the process of neurotransmission. Postmortem changes in human brain amines are discussed in relation to those occurring postmortem in the rat brain, in which phenylethylamine, p-tyramine, and tryptamine have been shown to increase to levels greater than those prevailing in vivo.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Multiple meningiomas.

The authors report a patient with a right sphenoid wing meningioma 16 years after a left convexity meningioma was removed. She had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. Both tumors were benign. The literature on multiple meningiomas is reviewed.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Dysautonomia in Parkinsonism: a clinicopathological study.

Necropsy studies were done on six patients with idiopathic paralysis agitans, one with multiple system atrophy including features of Parkinsonism, and one control. Autonomic functions had been evaluated during life to a varying degree. Intra-arterial blood pressure studies were carried out on two patients with paralysis agitans (cases 4 and 6) and the one with multiple system atrophy (case 7). Lewy bodies with or without cell loss were seen in the sympathetic ganglia of five cases of paralysis agitans. Three of these had orthostatic hypotension and the severity of the lesion approximately correlated with the degree of hypotension. It is concluded that the lesions of the sympathetic ganglia may play a major role in the production of orthostatic hypotension in idiopathic paralysis agitans.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Decadron in the treatment of cerebral abscess. An experimental study.

Forty rabbits were inoculated with Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus to produce cerebral abscesses. One-third of the rabbits received no treatment and served as controls. One-third received dexamethasone (Decadron) plus an appropriate antibiotic. One-third received only the appropriate antibiotic in the same dosage. The animals were sacrificed 10 days after inoculation and the brains examined. In the control group, an abscess at the stage of granulation tissue encapsulation containing the inoculated organisms was found. The surrounding brain showed a marked inflammatory response. In the Decadron plus antibiotic group, necrotic lesions were found containing the inoculated organisms and surrounded by relatively normal brain. In the group treated with antibiotic alone, healed glial scars were found in relatively normal brain. Our findings are discussed with reference to the medical literature regarding the influence of glucocorticoids on the inflammatory response and the efficacy of antibiotics when this response is suppressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Postural hypotension in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Etiopathology.

Postural changes in blood pressure were recorded in all 391 patients suffering from Parkinson's syndrome over a period of six years. Intraarterial blood pressure studies were carried out in those with significant postural hypotension. Histological examination of the entire central nervous system and the sympathetic ganglia was performed in six patients suffering from idiopathic Parksinson's disease. Five of the six patients had Lewy bodies in the sympathetic ganglia. Loss of nerve cells was noted in the sympathetic ganglia in those patients that demonstrated postural hypotension. The severity of the lesions in the ganglia correlated with the severity of postural hypotension in idiopathic Parkinson's disease, One case of Shy-Drager syndrome was similarly studied to demonstrate the differences in spinal cord and sympathetic ganglia lesions in the two conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Sensitivity of GABA synthesis in human brain to oxygen poisoning.

Homogenates were prepared from the basal ganglia and frontal cortex of human brain and incubated for 20 min of 25 degrees C under either 1 ATA N2 or 3 ATA O2 (OHP). Exposure of the homogenates to OHP caused a significant inhibition in the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesising enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase. This finding, together with previously published data on animal experiments, suggests that a deranged GABA metabolism must be given serious consideration as a possible mechanism for OHP-induced seizures in man.

Aminobutyrates↗