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Biomedical subjects

B Rudolph

Publications and source records attributed to B Rudolph.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Increased analytical sensitivity of RT-PCR of PSA mRNA decreases diagnostic specificity of detection of prostatic cells in blood.

The diagnostic specificity of the detection of disseminated prostatic cells by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of PSA mRNA was investigated. A sensitive nested PCR was developed. In blood samples from 10 healthy female and 10 healthy male persons examined by RT-PCR, mRNA of PSA was detected 3 times in each group. In the groups of patients suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer, 6 of 11 and 5 of 12, respectively, gave positive RT-PCR results. With increasing analytical sensitivity of the RT-PCR of PSA mRNA, the diagnostic specificity of the assay is decreased. Further development of this diagnostic method requires the introduction of the quantitative PCR which may make possible discrimination between prostatic and non-prostatic source of PSA mRNA by quantification.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Evaluating the diagnostic interview: obstacles and future directions.

The diagnostic interview plays a prominent role within the field of clinical psychology and occupies a fundamental component in graduate training. Educators seem to be focusing less on objective measures to evaluate student skill performance and the overall quality of the interview. The authors review the current methods for evaluating the diagnostic interview in psychology training and identify some of the major obstacles in accurately assessing student interview proficiency. Recommendations are made to address these difficulties, and the authors note some promising future directions.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Antioxidant enzymes in malignant prostate cell lines and in primary cultured prostatic cells.

The antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the androgen-response LNCaP and androgen-nonresponsive PC-3 and DU 145 cells as well as in prostatic epithelial cell cultures of benign and malignant human prostatic tissue. There were no differences between the enzyme activities of the human primary cell cultures from cancerous tissue and their normal counterparts. The enzyme activities of the three permanent cell lines were either higher (SOD, catalase, GR) or lower (GST, GPx) than in the primary cell cultures. In LNCaP cells catalase and GR were significantly higher, GST, in contrast, was significantly lower than in PC-3 and DU 145 cells. GST in PC-3 and DU 145 cells, and SOD in all the three cell lines showed no significant differences. Catalase, GPx and GR values were significantly different in the three permanent cell lines. The different enzymatic equipment of the prostate cancer cell lines provides the basis for experimental testing of new concepts of cancer treatment with the help of systematic modulations of the antioxidant defence systems in prostate cancer.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1997

Regression of gastric MALT lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori is predicted by endosonographic staging. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent studies suggest that eradication of Helicobacter pylori may result in complete regression of low-grade lymphoma of the gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Which patients benefit from this treatment is unknown. The aim of this study was to prospectively study whether staging by echoendoscopy predicts the outcome of treatment of MALT lymphoma by eradication of H. pylori. METHODS: Twenty-two patients positive for H. pylori with low-grade gastric B-cell MALT lymphoma were examined by echoendoscopy at the time of diagnosis. Treatment for H. pylori consisted of a 2-week course of oral omeprazole and amoxicillin. Patients were followed up by endoscopy and biopsy. RESULTS: H. pylori was eradicated in all patients. Complete regression of MALT lymphoma was observed in 12 patients (54%), partial regression in 5 patients (23%), and no response in 5 patients (23%) during follow-up. Twelve of 14 patients with lymphoma restricted to the mucosa or submucosa (stage E-I1) at echoendoscopy, but none of the 10 patients with higher stage (P < 0.01), showed complete regression of MALT lymphoma. In stage E-I1 patients, the probability of complete regression of lymphoma was 60% at 6, 79% at 12, and reached 100% at 14 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Staging of gastric low-grade MALT lymphomas by endoscopic ultrasonography allows prediction of the response to therapy by eradication of H. pylori.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Counteracting the negative effects of rapeseed and rapeseed press cake in pig diets.

Rapeseed and rapeseed press cake were tested in four long-term experiments with a total of ninety-eight pigs. Rapeseed contained 20 and rapeseed press cake 19 mmol glucosinolates/kg DM. The proportion of the tested rapeseed products in feed amounted to 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet. Moist-heat-treated rapeseed and rapeseed press cake with an extremely low glucosinolate content were also given at 150 g/kg diet. Each dietary rapeseed product level was given with 125 or 250 microgram supplementary I/kg diet. Reduced feed intake and growth retardation were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed products/kg diet; in the case of rapeseed the impairments were significant. Rapeseed products > or = 100g/kg diet increased the thyroid weight and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher I dosage brought the serum T4 concentration to the level of the control group and retarded thyroid enlargement. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the I content of the thyroid; however, there was no significant difference between groups given 0.9 mmol glucosinolates/kg diet and those receiving three times as much. Degrading glucosinolates by moisture and heat prevented feed intake depression and growth retardation. In the case of treated rapeseed the decreased serum T4 concentration and increased thyroid weight persisted, indicating formation of some antithyroid compounds due to myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1) activation. A maximal glucosinolate content of 2 mmol/kg diet and additional I application are a prerequisite for using rapeseed products in pig feeding.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

Effect of rapeseed feedstuffs with different glucosinolate content and iodine administration on gestating and lactating sow.

In two experiments with a total of 60 sows during late pregnancy and at 28 days of lactation, diets containing rapeseed were compared with rapeseed free diets (control). In Experiment 1 dietary content of solvent extracted rapeseed meal was 250 g/kg (10 mmol glucosinolates/kg diet), in Experiment 2 diets containing 100 g/kg rapeseed were tested (2 mmol glucosinolates/kg diet). During late pregnancy all sows received 150 micrograms supplementary iodine/kg diet. In lactation, different subgroups received different rates of iodine administration (Exp. 1:0, 100 or 1000 micrograms/kg diet; Exp. 2: 0, 150 or 300 micrograms/kg diet). Rapeseed feeds had no significant effect on feed intake, body weight of sows and rearing parameters in both experiments. There was a tendency (8%) toward lower litter weight at weaning in Exp. 1. Sow diets without supplementary iodine but containing glucosinolates (via rapeseed meal, rapeseed) caused significant reduction in thyroxine serum concentration of piglets, whereas this hormone did not change in sow serum. Thiocyanate was significantly increased in the serum of mothers. The minor increase of thiocyanate concentration of milk and piglets' serum points to negligible transfer of rapeseed glucosinolate degradation products to offspring. However, the milk iodine concentration was significantly decreased due to glucosinolates, and this seems to be the reason for impaired iodine and thyroid hormone status of piglets from sows given rapeseed feeds.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Is the polymerase chain reaction or cure of Helicobacter pylori infection of help in the differential diagnosis of early gastric mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma?

PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis of early gastric mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) lymphoma based on Helicobacter pylori gastritis may be difficult when lymphoepithelial lesions are not detected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the question whether the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or cure of H pylori infection may be of help in this respect. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with suspected low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas were treated in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial with 2,250 mg of either amoxicillin or placebo, both in combination with omeprazole, for 14 days with the aim to cure H pylori infection. PCR was performed using primers specific for the CDR3 region to detect monoclonal B cells. RESULTS: In five of 20 patients, MALT lymphomas were finally diagnosed. Three of these five patients went into complete remission, while two were referred to surgery. In the 15 patients with gastritis, complete regression was observed in all cases. With respect to PCR, monoclonal bands were detected in all four of the analyzed lymphoma patients before histology showed lymphoma. In addition, monoclonal bands were found in three patients with gastritis. In the patients with gastritis and monoclonal PCR, complete regression took longer as compared with the remaining 12 patients with polyclonal PCR and gastritis (P = .0209). Successful H pylori eradication was associated with earlier diagnosis of the MALT lymphoma (P = .0237). CONCLUSION: CDR3-PCR may be of help in the differential diagnosis of early gastric MALT lymphoma. Furthermore, H pylori eradication may lead to earlier diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by Myc mediates induction of cyclin A, but not apoptosis.

The activation of conditional alleles of Myc induces both cell proliferation and apoptosis in serum-deprived RAT1 fibroblasts. Entry into S phase and apoptosis are both preceded by increased levels of cyclin E- and cyclin D1-dependent kinase activities. To assess which, if any, cellular responses to Myc depend on active cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), we have microinjected expression plasmids encoding the cdk inhibitors p16, p21 or p27, and have used a specific inhibitor of cdk2, roscovitine. Expression of cyclin A, which starts late in G1 phase, served as a marker for cell cycle progression. Our data show that active G1 cyclin/cdk complexes are both necessary and sufficient for induction of cyclin A by Myc. In contrast, neither microinjection of cdk inhibitors nor chemical inhibition of cdk2 affected the ability of Myc to induce apoptosis in serum-starved cells. Further, in isoleucine-deprived cells, Myc induces apoptosis without altering cdk activity. We conclude that Myc acts upstream of cdks in stimulating cell proliferation and also that activation of cdks and induction of apoptosis are largely independent events that occur in response to induction of Myc.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1996

The functions of Myc in cell cycle progression and apoptosis.

c-myc has emerged as one of the central regulators of mammalian cell proliferation. The gene encodes a transcription factor of the HLH/leucine zipper family of proteins that activates transcription as part of a heteromeric complex with a protein termed Max. In mammalian fibroblasts, Myc acts as an upstream regulator of cyclin-dependent kinases and functionally antagonises the action of at least one cdk inhibitor, p27. Myc also induces cells to undergo apoptosis, and the relationship between Myc-induced cell cycle entry and apoptosis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Anomalous pancreatico-biliary junction--report of a new experimental model and review of the literature.

A model of anomalous pancreatico-biliary junction was developed and used to investigate a possible role in the development of choledochal cyst and tumors of the biliary tract. An anastomosis was constructed between an isolated pancreas-duodenal segment and the gallbladder in 20 minipigs, but the results did not show any subsequent dilatation of the biliary tract, although intestinal metaplasia was observed in 20% of the animals. The severity of the epithelial changes was proportional to the duration of the experiment and may represent a premalignant change. A critical review of all reported animal models of anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction also is provided.

Amylases↗
PubMed1996

[Current therapy of bile duct cysts. II. Intrahepatic cysts (Caroli syndrome)].

17 patients with a Caroli's syndrome are reviewed with emphasis on clinical features and late results (follow-up: 2-10 years). The group consists of 9 women and 8 men ranging in age from 17 to 80 years (mean of 42.6). 14 patients had a diffuse form, 5 of whom had periportal fibrosis with secondary biliary cirrhosis, which in 3 cases resulted in a portal hypertension with hepatic failure. In only 3 cases the dilatation was limited to the left lobe of the liver. 9 of the patients had previously undergone surgery in the form of cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy elsewhere. The disease was complicated by lithiasis (14 intrahepatic, 9 extrahepatic). Curative treatment was only possible in the 3 patients with unilobar Caroli's syndrome (partial liver resection). In 5 patients we performed a cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy combined in 2 cases with a transduodenal sphincterotomy. There was no operative death. Endoscopic treatment consisted in removal of stones and decompression of the biliary tree by sphincterotomy in 9 cases and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (endoprosthesis) in 5 cases. Excepting the 3 curative operated patients who are asymptomatic respectively 2, 4 and 5 years after surgery, the remaining cases had repeated bouts of acute pains accompanied by recurrent episodes of cholangitis. A late mortality of 23.5% (4 patients) is proof of the poor prognosis of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Current therapy of bile duct cysts. I. Extrahepatic cysts].

A total of 23 patients with extrahepatic biliary cysts (11 type I, 4 type II, 4 type III and 4 type IVa according to the classification by Todani) seen at our institution in a 15-year period were reviewed with emphasis on management and long-term results at follow-up of 3 weeks-12 years. Associated hepatobiliary disease occurred in 4 patients, including one case with malignant degeneration in the cyst 23 years after cystenterostomy, and an association of a gallbladder carcinoma with a choledochocele in the other patient. Radical excision of the dilated bile duct and reconstruction by Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy was performed in 13 cases (9 type I, 3 type II and 1 type III), combined in 3 cases with an antireflux valve. All 13 operated on patients remained in good health for 6 months to 12 years. These results confirm the need for complete early excision of type I, (II) and IVa cysts at all ages before severe complications can occur. Endoscopic treatment of type III choledochocele should be limited to the management of smaller lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.

Lymphoma of gastric-mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) type has been linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori. We investigated the effect on MALT lymphoma of eradicating H pylori infection. 33 patients with primary gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma associated with H pylori gastritis were treated with omeprazole (120 mg daily) and amoxycillin (2.25 g daily) for 14 days to eradicate H pylori. In addition to histology, PCR was used to examine proliferation of monoclonal B cells before treatment and during follow-up. All patients had at least two post-treatment examinations, and all became negative for H pylori, 2 after a second treatment course. On histology, 23 (70%) patients showed complete regression and 4 (12%) partial regression of lymphoma. 6 (18%) patients had no change after cure of H pylori infection. 1 was treated with chemotherapy. Of 5 treated surgically, 4 were found to have high-grade B-cell lymphoma on histology of the resected stomach and 1 a high-grade T-cell lymphoma. PCR showed complete disappearance of monoclonal B cells after cure of H pylori infection in 13 of 16 patients investigated. During median follow-up of 1 year no relapse of MALT lymphoma occurred. Low-grade primary gastric MALT lymphoma can completely regress after eradication of H pylori infection. However, longer follow-up is needed to clarify whether the remission is lasting.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunocytochemical distribution of E-cadherin in normal and injured lung tissue of the rat.

Affinity purified rabbit anti-mouse E-cadherin antibodies, reacting with diverse rat epithelia, were used to characterize epithelial changes in a radiation-induced fibrosis model of rat lung by immunoblotting techniques, immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunostaining of normal rat lung tissues revealed a predominant staining of type II pneumocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the immunohistochemical data of normal lung tissue obtained at the light microscopic level. In severely injured rat lung, we found enhanced immunoreactivity for E-cadherin at the surface of type I alveolar epithelial cells. The results suggest that E-cadherin is an adhesion molecule that is modulated after pathological alteration of the alveolar epithelium and that the antiserum may be useful for the characterization of normal and diseased rat epithelia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct: surgical treatment and long-term results.

Twelve patients (11 female) with an extrahepatic biliary cyst (six type I, three type II and three type III according to the classification of Todani) are reviewed with emphasis on aetiology, clinical features and long-term results at follow-up of 3-10 years. The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, cholestasis with jaundice, fever and episodes of pancreatitis. The diagnosis was established before surgery in all cases by ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and computed tomography. An abnormally long common channel was found in four patients. Three patients had had cysts drained internally in the 1970s. Of these three patients, one developed carcinoma of the cyst 23 years later. Radical excision of the dilated bile duct and reconstruction by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in nine cases. Two patients, each with a small choledochocele, were treated successfully by endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. There were no serious postoperative complications. All nine patients operated on remained in good health for 3-10 years. These results support radical excision of the cystically dilated bile duct with reconstruction by end-to-side Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for types I and II cyst. Endoscopic treatment of type III choledochocele should be limited to the management of smaller lesions.

Adolescent↗