Intracranial tumours and blood groups.
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Blood Group Antigens↗
Biomedical subjects
B S Das
Publications and source records attributed to B S Das.
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Report of three cases.
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia is a rare disorder encountered in one in a million in the general population. Case reports of three patients from two families are presented. A 25 year male presented with extensive myocardial infarction and had a fatal outcome. His younger brother (14 years), as also a 12 year girl from another family with multiple planar xanthomata and tuberose xanthomata, are presented.
Adolescent↗
Exophytic gliomas of the spinal cord.
Intradural extramedullary glial tumours of the spinal cord are rare. We report for such tumours arising from the dorsal cord. Myelography and operative findings were almost similar to that of an intradural neurofibroma. Surgical removal had resulted in rewarding neurological recovery. One of them had a recurrence after six years and was re-explored. Anterolateral attachment near the root entry zone suggests its origin probably from the spinal cord with an exophytic growth.
Adult↗
Prognosis in traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage.
Traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage (TVH) is rare. The clinical profile and prognosis in 16 patients with traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage after blunt head injury are evaluated. Majority of the patients (94%) had low Glasgow coma score (less than 8) on admission and none had a lucid interval. CT showed haematoma adjacent to the foramen of Monroe in 5 patients and localised to the frontal horn or the body of the lateral ventricle in six. The mortality was 62.5% in this subgroup of patients with head injury. Our findings are compared to those of previous reports in the literature. The poor prognosis of cases with TVH reflects the severity of trauma and general brain damage and is probably not related only to the intraventricular bleeding.
Adolescent↗
Mesencephalic haematoma, successful surgical evacuation. Case report.
A case of mesencephalic haematoma is reported. Emergency surgical evacuation of haematoma was done. The patient improved and has done well for five years. Subtemporal and infratentorial supracerebellar approaches have been used earlier to remove mesencephalic haematoma. It is possible to remove caudal midbrain haematoma via a IVth ventricular approach causing minimal damage.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Increased plasma lipid peroxidation in riboflavin-deficient, malaria-infected children.
Plasma lipid peroxides were measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method in 75 children suffering from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Their riboflavin status was assessed by measuring erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficients (EGRACs), and values greater than 1.40 were regarded as indicating biochemical deficiency. Plasma MDA was higher (p less than 0.001) in patients than in control subjects; the concentrations were 3.65 +/- 0.70 and 1.77 +/- 0.45 mumol/L (means +/- SD), respectively. The riboflavin-deficient group had higher plasma MDA values (3.98 +/- 0.70 mumol/L) than did the nondeficient group (3.30 +/- 0.68 mumol/L, p less than 0.001). Plasma MDA concentrations correlated with EGRACs (r = 0.46, p less than 0.01) in the patients. It is proposed that riboflavin deficiency restricts regeneration of reduced glutathione making the parasitized erythrocytes more vulnerable to destructive lipid peroxidation and increasing plasma lipid hydroperoxides.
Animals↗
Recurrences in meningioma after surgery.
123 cases of meningioma operated upon between 1975 and 1984 were reviewed. There were 13 cases of symptomatic tumour recurrence and 15 cases of tumour progression. Both, recurrence and progression of the tumour were seen twice as often in males. They were not related to any particular age group or site of origin. Recurrence was more common in the angioblastic type of meningioma. In the majority, progression of the tumour was seen within two years of the initial operation, while recurrence of the tumour was distributed evenly over time.
Adolescent↗
Prognosis in traumatic basal ganglia haematoma.
Twenty two patients with traumatic basal ganglia haematoma were studied. The mean Glasgow Coma Score on admission was 7. 17 patients had sustained high acceleration/deceleration injuries. The location and size of haematoma did not correlate with prognosis. Outcome was poor in 7 patients, while 8 patients died.
Adolescent↗
Intramedullary cysticercosis.
We are reporting two cases of intramedullary cysticercus cysts. Both patients presented with a clinical picture of progressive cord compression. One of them also had bilateral radicular pain. In the female patient the symptoms became exaggerated during her two consecutive pregnancies which is a rare and interesting observation. Excision of cyst resulted in significant improvement in both the patients.
Adult↗
The far cry of a TB brain. Report of a case of tuberculous meningitis, multiple tuberculomas and tuberculous abscess.
An unusual case of neurotuberculosis presenting with tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous abscess and multiple tuberculomas is reported. The patient showed a dramatic response and resolution of tuberculomas with antituberculous therapy only after excision of the abscess.
Adolescent↗
Progressive unilateral hydrocephalus in adults.
Unilateral dilatation of the lateral ventricle in adults is rare. We report 2 cases of unilateral hydrocephalus with obstruction at the foramen of Monro. Both patients presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure.
Adult↗
Paraganglioma of the orbit with extension to the middle cranial fossa: case report.
Intraorbital paragangliomas are rare. A case of intraorbital paraganglioma with extension to the middle cranial fossa is reported. Progressive throbbing, hemicranial headaches, unilateral proptosis, and visual failure are the presenting symptoms. The computed tomographic and operative findings suggested a meningioma. Surgical removal of the tumor resulted in total relief of symptoms and recovery of vision. The pathogenesis and pathological findings are discussed.
Adult↗
Calvarial tuberculosis: a report of two cases.
Two cases of calvarial tuberculosis associated with neurological involvement are presented. The radiological features and therapeutic management are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Child↗
Hepatic morphology in reactional states of leprosy.
Liver function tests and liver biopsies were studied in 23 leprosy patients in reaction and 10 without reaction. The liver biopsies in leprosy patients with reaction showed exudative lesions, epithelioid and tuberculoid granulomas, and foam-cell granulomas. Portal vasculitis was encountered in a few cases. Neutrophilic infiltration into the foam-cell granulomas was seen in a few cases of lepromatous (LL) leprosy with reaction. In six cases of borderline (BL, BB and BT) leprosy with reaction, a spectrum of lesions bearing footprints of exudative lesions were seen evolving into epithelioid-cell granulomas. Foam-cell granulomas and tuberculoid and epithelioid granulomas along with exudative lesions were encountered in two cases on individual biopsy strips. An altered albumin-to-globulin ratio was the chief functional derangement observed in these cases. The spectrum of changes observed in borderline leprosy with reaction could be discrete steps in the evolution of upgrading reaction.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked responses in congenital hydrocephalus.
Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were studied in 20 children with clinically diagnosed and CT-confirmed congenital hydrocephalus before and after shunt surgery. Ninety-five percent of the children showed abnormal responses preoperatively. Prolonged wave V latency was the most common abnormality, followed by increased interwave latencies. Total absence of evoked responses was more common in children with communicating hydrocephalus. Following shunt surgery 50% of cases returned to normal and 20% showed a significant improvement. Abnormalities persisted in 10% of cases. BAER abnormalities referrable to caudal brainstem dysfunction recovered first, following CSF diversion. Study of BAER is useful for identifying physiological brainstem abnormalities in hydrocephalic children and promises to be a sensitive non-invasive diagnostic tool for the detection of "non-infective complications" of shunt surgery, if performed serially during follow up.
Brain Stem↗
Hypoglycaemia in severe falciparum malaria.
The incidence of hypoglycaemia and the role of quinine in its causation was assessed in 46 patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin were estimated before, during and after quinine therapy. In 5 patients the plasma glucose was in the hypoglycaemic range, the lowest value being 0.67 mmol/litre (12 mg/dl) in a pregnant patient. Most of the remaining patients showed a significant fall in plasma glucose (P less than 0.05), but not to the hypoglycaemic range, and an increase in plasma insulin after quinine (P less than 0.01). A good correlation was found between these changes (r = 0.79, P less than 0.01). Patients with severe P. falciparum malaria, particularly those on quinine therapy, should be watched carefully for developing hypoglycaemia.
Adolescent↗
Riboflavin deficiency and severity of malaria.
The riboflavin status of 64 children suffering from malarial infection was assessed by measuring the activation coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase. Thirty-five children were found to be deficient in riboflavin whereas in 29 children riboflavin status was within the normal range. The median parasite count and its range on admission in the deficient group (2.7 per cent, range 0.3-13.6) was lower than that in the non-deficient group (5.3 per cent, range 0.6-30.2). The correlation between activity coefficient and parasite count was significant (R = -0.49). The recovery process was slower in the deficient group even though they had a relatively lower parasite count. It is inferred that riboflavin deficiency leads to inhibition of growth and multiplication of plasmodia. Its beneficial effects in malaria infection needs further evaluation.
Animals↗
Benign subarachnoid haemorrhage (subarachnoid haemorrhage of unknown aetiology).
Forty three patients of subarachnoid haemorrhage of unknown aetiology have been studied for their clinical presentation, rebleed rate, morbidity and mortality. The results have been compared with other similar studies. The present study and those of others indicate a very good prognosis in acute stage. The rebleed rate ranged between 0 and 7% over a period of two to three years. The mortality rate ranged between 0 and 5% during the same period of follow-up. Majority of the patients returned to their full working capacity. The benign nature of this subgroup as compared to the poor outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage as a whole prompted us to call it "Benign subarachnoid haemorrhage".
Female↗