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Biomedical subjects

B S Fine

Publications and source records attributed to B S Fine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Corneal elastosis within lattice dystrophy lesions.

Corneal buttons of two patients with lattice corneal dystrophy were studied by light and electron microscopy. They showed elastotic degeneration within the amyloid deposits. The amyloid deposits displayed characteristic staining; the elastotic material (elastin) within the deposits stained positive with Verhoeff-van Gieson and Movat pentachrome stains and showed autofluorescence. The characteristic ultrastructural findings of amyloid and elastotic material were also demonstrated. The possibility of the associations of these two materials in the cornea is discussed.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1987

Corneal immunoglobulin deposition in the posterior stroma. A case report including immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations.

Corneal buttons from a patient with bilateral, central, deeply located white corneal deposits that resembled the clinical description of filiform dystrophy were examined by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. With light microscopy, the acidophilic fusiform deposits were seen to be oriented parallel to the stromal lamellae and were mostly in the pre-Descemet region. Immunohistochemical studies disclosed that the stromal lesions stained positively for IgG and lambda light chain. With electron microscopy, the immunoglobulin deposits within the deep corneal stroma appeared to be locally synthesized by the keratocytes. Recent examination of the patient's serum failed to disclose dysproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Histopathologic observations in choroideremia with emphasis on vascular changes of the uveal tract.

The patient presented is a member of a four-generation kindred that has exhibited progressive retinal degenerative changes of choroideremia in an X-linked pattern. The patient was seen initially at age 44 with clinical retinal findings consistent with choroidal sclerosis. Over a 20-year interval of observation, the findings evolved into a clinical picture consistent with choroideremia. The patient died at age 66. Both eyes were obtained at autopsy. The histologic findings included extensive chorioretinal atrophy and epiretinal membrane formation. Additionally, Bruch's membrane was calcified and disrupted. Retinal (glial) cells had migrated through the ruptures in Bruch's membrane. There was production of thin and thicker basement membranes by glial (Müller) cells on the choroidal (collagenous) side of Bruch's membrane. There was hypoproduction of basement membrane by vascular endothelial cells and their pericytes both in the posterior uveal tract associated with loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and overlying retina and in the anterior uveal tract associated with loss of dilator muscle and flattening of the iris pigment epithelium. The finding of vascular endothelial cell abnormalities throughout the uveal tract strongly supports the concept that the primary defect in choroideremia lies with the uveal vessels rather than the RPE.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diabetic choroidopathy. Light and electron microscopic observations of seven cases.

The choroid of seven young patients (ages 20-29 years), who had had diabetes mellitus for many years (14-23 years) was studied by light and electron microscopy. The eight enucleated eyes were blind and painful as a complication of diabetes mellitus. Histopathologically, the choriocapillaris and other small choroidal blood vessels disclosed marked basement membrane thickening of their walls. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive homogeneous acellular nodules were present and resembled those of diabetic glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelsteil-Wilson disease). Some choroidal arteries were arteriosclerotic. Choroidal compromise was suggested by luminal narrowing of the capillaries, capillary dropout, and focal scarring. Choroidal neovascularization with subretinal fibrovascular membranes occurred in two patients at the midperiphery and periphery, and resembled those of retinitis proliferans. Leakage of proteinaceous fluid into the choroidal stroma and beneath the focally detached pigment epithelium was suggested by the electron microscopic observations. Choroidal vasculopathy in diabetes mellitus is similar to much of what has been described in other tissues of the eye and body, and suggests an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy since the outer retinal layers are largely dependent on the choroid for their nutrition and oxygenation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dexamethasone protection against photochemical retinal injury.

Photochemical retinal injury was produced in the foveomacula of the rhesus monkey using the light from an indirect ophthalmoscope. The eyes were examined by both light and electron microscopy. Damage consisted of vacuolization of the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory retinal layers. Pretreatment with subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone for 16 weeks prior to light exposure markedly decreased damage to the retinal pigment epithelium, but had no apparent effect on damage to the neurosensory retina in eyes examined 18 hours after exposure. The mechanism responsible for this protective effect is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pathology of human cystoid macular edema.

The light and electron microscopic findings are reviewed in two patients who had eyes enucleated for peripheral choroidal malignant melanomas. Preoperatively, cystoid macular edema was documented by fluorescein angiography in the melanoma-containing eye in both patients. Intracytoplasmic swelling (edema) of the Müller (glial) cells is the anatomical basis for the macular edema. Intercellular (extracellular) collections of fluid probably are late, endstage results of the process that result form prolonged, excessive, intracellular edema, cell death and disruption. The process probably rests on an ischemic basis, as evidenced by severe changes in the microvasculature. In the one patient in whom the optic nerve was available for study, marked intracellular swelling (edema) of glial cells in the lamina choroidalis of the optic nerve head was present, associated with compression of the adjacent axons. The nearby temporal, parapapillary retina also showed edema of Müller cells, and compression of the nerve fibers (ganglion cell axons), suggesting a more widespread process than was clinically evident. Again, severe changes were present in the microvasculature, both in the optic nerve and parapapillary retina. The underlying cause of the microvasculature changes that lead to ischemia, perhaps an intrinsic pharmacologic agent, is yet to be found.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Spontaneous degenerative maculopathy in the monkey.

Maculopathy has many varied facets. The subhuman diurnal primate demonstrates some of the changes occasionally seen in clinical practice. Examination of 574 diurnal subhuman primates, mostly older rhesus monkeys, revealed the following: drusen-like bodies in the macula and frequently elsewhere in the eye grounds of 5.9%; crescent shaped lesions suggestive of choroidal rupture; and macular and perimacular lesions associated with myopia and complicated by choroidal neovascular ingrowth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Light and electron microscopic study of Dalén-Fuchs nodules in sympathetic ophthalmia.

A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken in an effort to establish the origin of the "epithelioid" cells in Dalén-Fuchs nodules from an eye enucleated because of sympathetic ophthalmia. The nodules were visible as minute (130-160 microns), round, grayish-white mounds elevating the retinal pigment epithelium. Bruch's membrane appeared intact in all the sections examined. By electron microscopy the "epithelioid" cells had round to oval nuclei with abundant, relatively lucent cytoplasm containing parallel profiles of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi lamellae, clusters of polyribosomes, and scattered mitochondria. Many interdigitations of the plasma membranes, some of which exhibited fascia adherens type attachments, were observed. Some cells within the nodules showed large membrane-bound phagosomes containing laminated structures. Other "epithelioid" cells displayed moderately electron dense membrane-bound granules that appeared to be early precursors of lipofuscin granules. Examination of the nodules under ultraviolet light showed myriad autofluorescent yellowish-orange dots consistent with lipofuscin. Additionally, a montage of electron micrographs from the edge of the nodule, coupled with the above findings, provided support to the concept proposed by Ishikawa and Ikui (1972) that the "epithelioid" cells in Dalén-Fuchs nodules represent transformed retinal pigment epithelial cells forming a cage-like framework within the nodule. This study also emphasizes the remarkable capabilities for differentiation by the retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Observations on monkey eyes exposed to light from an operating microscope.

Two cynomolgous monkeys were exposed to the light of an operating microscope. One eye was exposed to the light with the blue end of the spectrum filtered, while the other was exposed to unfiltered light. Neither group of eyes showed ophthalmoscopic evidence of a discrete retinal lesion. The eyes exposed to unfiltered light, however, showed histologic evidence of foveomacular change. The eyes exposed to filtered light showed lesser changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Congenital herpes simplex virus, type 2, bilateral endophthalmitis.

A set of dizygotic twins, both born prematurely, developed herpes simplex encephalitis shortly after birth. The second twin had unilateral keratoconjunctivitis and bilateral endophthalmitis and subsequently died from disseminated herpes infection. Herpes simplex, type 2, was isolated from conjunctiva of both eyes, cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharynx and trachea. Histologic examination of the eyes revealed bilateral endophthalmitis with a necrotizing retinitis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were demonstrated by light microscopy in the retina, choroid and iris, and virus particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in the retina. The other twin recovered from a much milder disseminated herpes simplex infection without apparent ocular involvement. During pregnancy, the mother had vaginitis which was suspected, but not documented, as being herpetic in origin. The father was diagnosed as having a penile infection caused by herpes simplex. Repeated attempts to locate the family of the surviving baby girl in order to obtain follow-up information have failed.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1981

Diffuse iris nevus manifested by unilateral open angle glaucoma.

Uncontrolled unilateral glaucoma developed in the right eye of a 24-year-old woman. It was caused by the diffuse growth of a nonpigmented nevus of the iris into the anterior chamber angle. Histologically, the nonpigmented nevus cells in the angle were distinguishable from a proliferation of corneal endothelium. Clinically, there was no heterochromia, and a tumor was not suspected as the cause of the glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Congenital glaucoma associated with a chromosomal defect. A histologic study.

A pair of eyes with congenital glaucoma, one treated by goniotomy, was examined by light and electron microscopy. Examination of the drainage angles afforded the opportunity to compare anatomic changes in the treated eye with the surgically unaltered tissue of the fellow eye. The congenital glaucoma appeared to arise from compression of the trabecular meshwork and closure of the intertrabecular and transtrabecular spaces by a discontinuous "membrane" consisting of ectopic trabecular pillars that bridged the drainage angle from the iris root to the normally positioned uveal meshwork. Cleavage of trabecular pillars during goniotomy and conversion of angle architecture to that of a nonglaucomatous neonatal eye suggest that aberrant or ectopic trabecular pillars acted mechanically in maintaining angle compression. The uveal and corneoscleral meshwork and Schlemm's canal are present and appear normal.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1981

Lipoidal degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Vacuolation of the retinal pigment epithelium in the foveomacular region of aging rhesus monkey eyes was re-examined with the eyes initially fixed in osmium tetroxide to retain the alcohol-soluble lipid. All vacuoles were found to be completely occupied by lipid material. Similar cells were positive to oil red O. The vacuolation of the pigment epithelial cell is considered to be a form of lipoidal degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A clinicopathologic study of four cases of primary open-angle glaucoma compared to normal eyes.

Eight eyes obtained at autopsy from four patient who had chronic open-angle glaucoma were compared to eyes with normal aging changes. Three cases were characterized by early and pronounced abnormalities in the uveal portion of the drainage angle. The findings consisted of formation of an exaggerated scleral spur upon the scleral roll by accretion and compaction of the overlying uveal meshwork, hyalinization and atrophy of the adjacent ciliary muscle, and atrophy of the iris root. The fourth case showed widespread proliferation of endothelium into the lumen of Schlemm's canal. We concluded that the predominant histologic findings in eyes with open-angle glaucoma consists of an exaggeration of normal aging processes, ranging in a spectrum from excessive involvement of the uveal pathway to excessive involvement of the canal of Schlemm pathway.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Macular edema and cystoid macular edema.

We examined the foveomacular regions from three eyes in which fluorescein angiography had demonstrated the characteristic appearance of cystoid macular edema by light and electron microscopy. Cystoid macular edema was present in two eyes (one of which was from a 63-year-old diabetic man) that contained peripheral choroidal melanomas, and in a third eye from a patient with diabetes only. By light microscopy, cystoid macular degeneration was obvious only in the third eye. The electron microscopic findings common to all three eyes were widespread swelling and necrosis of Müller cell cytoplasm. There was no enlargement of intercellular spaces. There was secondary neuronal degeneration. Retinal vascular changes, consisting mainly of endothelial cell abnormalities, were found in all cases but were far more common in the two eyes from diabetic patients. The retinal vascular changes were probably the cause of the cystoid macular edema.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Specular microscopic and histologic observations in nonguttate corneal endothelial degeneration.

Six phakic patients with unilateral corneal edema and clinically normal-appearing fellow eyes were examined with specular microscopy and found to have endothelial pleomorphism and reduced cell counts in the nonedematous cornea. None of these patients had any previous eye disease, trauma, inflammation, or surgery. Clinically unrecognized endothelial disease was proposed as a cause for the unilateral corneal edema and was verified by light and electron microscopic studies in five patients. These pathologic findings vary somewhat from those found in Fuchs' dystrophy and may represent either a variant or a form of endothelial cell degeneration of as yet undetermined etiology. Our studies suggest that this condition is not detectable in the nonedematous cornea by standard high magnification biomicroscopy and requires the use of the clinical specular microscope to confirm the diagnosis in suspected cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Round and oval cones in keratoconus.

In advanced keratoconus, there are two cone types. The more common round or nipple shaped cone is limited in diameter but may reach any degree of conicity. The cone center lies mostly in the lower nasal quadrant. The oval or sagging cone, is often larger and lies more commonly in the inferotemporal quadrant close to the periphery. The oval cone is usually associated with more episodes of corneal hydrops, scarring and difficulty in fitting contact lenses. Histopathologic review of 23 cases (10 round, 13 oval), revealed that the oval group had more breaks in Bowman's membrane, 10.1 versus 5.0, (P smaller than 0.01), and a tendency toward greater pannus formation with more ruptures in Descemet's membrane. We hope this clinicopathologic correlation may allow a more logical approach to patient care based on recognizing two different cone types in advanced keratoconus.

Cornea↗