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Biomedical subjects

B S Hanson

Publications and source records attributed to B S Hanson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Social network, social support and the prevalence of neck and low back pain after retirement. A population study of men born in 1914 in Malmö, Sweden.

In this study we investigated the importance of social network and social support systems outside the workplace and workload and psychological job strain in former work for the prevalence of daily neck and low back pain. The study population (n = 621) comprised a random half of all male residents in Malmö, Sweden, born in 1914, of whom 500 (80.5%) participated. Two of the social network and social support indices (social anchorage and availability of material and informational support) were independent of life-style factors (leisure time physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) related to daily neck and back pain after retirement (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.4 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.7, respectively), while the psycho-social and physical factors in former work were not. As no conclusion about the direction of the association can be drawn, prospective studies are needed to further explore these findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The effects of intracanal medicaments, fillers, and sealers on the attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to an exposed dentin surface free of a smear layer.

To date there has been very little research into the possible effects of endodontic therapy on regeneration of the lost periodontal attachment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of endodontic medicaments on fibroblast attachment to dentin surfaces free of a smear layer. Pulp chambers of extracted third molars were filled with one of the following medicaments: gutta-percha with Roth's zinc oxide and eugenol-based sealer, warm gutta-percha with sealer, warm gutta-percha without sealer, calcium hydroxide, formocresol, cotton pellet, or left empty. A predetermined dentin surface area was then inoculated with human gingival fibroblasts at a concentration of 2 x 10(4) cells per ml. The cells were allowed to adhere to the dentin surface for either 4 or 24 hours, then cell attachment was quantified using a methyl-tetrazolium assay. The data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Dunn's multiple comparison test. It was determined that fibroblast attachment was significantly reduced when exposed to formocresol or warm gutta-percha without sealer at both the 4 and 24 hour interval (P < or = 0.05). This suggests that the use of formocresol or warm gutta-percha without sealer in a root canal may impede periodontal wound healing and regeneration.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Social network, social support and heavy drinking in elderly men--a population study of men born in 1914, Malmö, Sweden.

We analysed whether there were associations among different aspects of social network and social support, on one hand, and heavy drinking and alcohol problems on the other. The study sample (n = 621) comprised a random half of all male residents born in 1914 in Malmö, Sweden. Five hundred (80.5%) participated. Heavy drinking was defined as an alcohol consumption above 250 g alcohol per week and alcohol problems were assessed by a modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening test. Eight conceptually differential aspects of social networks and social support were measured. Four of five social network indices (social anchorage, social participation, contact frequency, spousal support) were associated with heavy drinking (OR 1.9-2.5) and two social network indices (social anchorage, spousal support) were associated with alcohol problems (OR 2.1-2.3). The results in this study are independent of social class, but based on a cross-sectional study, so we do not know if heavy drinking has caused social isolation or the contrary. If these results can be verified in a prospective study, a strengthening of the social network of the individual could perhaps lead to more moderate alcohol habits and better health, a finding of potential importance in the field of health promotion.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Social network, social support and dental status in elderly Swedish men.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there were associations between different aspects of social network and social support and dental status. The study sample (n = 621) comprised a random half of all male residents in Malmö, Sweden, born in 1914. Five hundred (80.5%) participated. Eight conceptually different aspects of social networks and social support were measured, and all men were clinically examined regarding number of teeth, prevalence of removable dentures, fixed bridges and anterior open tooth spaces. We found that some aspects of dental status were associated with social class, while others were associated with different aspects of social network and social support. Prevalence of complete dentures and fixed bridges was strongly associated with social class, a low number of functioning teeth was associated with both low social class belonging and an insufficient social network and social support, while anterior open tooth spaces were associated mostly with an insufficient social network and social support. This study shows that there are significant associations between some aspects of dental status and the social network and social support of the individual, while other aspects of dental status are associated with social class, which from a psychosocial perspective contribute to a deeper understanding of the backgrounds of dental status.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

HIV infection: social network, social support, and CD4 lymphocyte values in infected homosexual men in Malmö, Sweden.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine if there is an association between social network and social support and the CD4 cell count in HIV infected homosexual men. DESIGN: The study was cross sectional. A structured questionnaire assessing psychosocial factors such as social network and social support was administered at interview. Information on CD4 cell counts and HIV symptoms were obtained from participants' medical records. SETTING: The study population consisted of all HIV seropositive homosexual and bisexual men who had not been diagnosed as having AIDS seen at the Department of Infectious Diseases, the only hospital clinic in the city of Malmö (230,000 inhabitants), Sweden that provides care for HIV infected patients. PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 47 (68%) of 69 men in the population agreed to be interviewed. MAIN RESULTS: A low CD4 cell count was found more frequently in men with low social participation scores (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.0, 11), in those with a low adequacy of social participation (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.1, 13), and in men with low material support scores (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.1, 13). After adjustment for age and time of awareness of the HIV infection, the two former associations remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These results, if reproduced in a longitudinal study, might suggest that psychosocial factors can affect an individual's immune system.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

How much can data on days with heavy drinking decrease the underestimation of true alcohol consumption?

An adjusted quantity-frequency method, with questions on occasions with heavy drinking, was used to estimate the consumption of alcohol during the last 30 days. The purpose was to analyze if it was possible to decrease the underestimation of true alcohol consumption. The questionnaire was mailed to a randomized sample of 1,500 individuals, 20-75 years of age, living in the city of Malmö, Sweden; 930 persons (64.3%) participated. Data on alcohol consumption were validated by comparison to sales of alcohol for the city of Malmö. The estimated per capita consumption of alcohol in the population was equivalent to 77.0% of the registered sale of alcohol in Malmö. By adding days with heavy drinking, the estimated weekly per capita consumption of alcohol among the alcohol consumers increased from 74.5 grams to 77.1 grams (+3.5%; p < .001). Of the alcohol consumers, 15.1% increased their reported consumption. In order to decrease even more the underestimation of the true alcohol consumption, we suggest the use of questions about any alcohol consumption that deviates from the typical consumption of each individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Alcohol habits among teenagers in Sweden: factors of importance.

This study of 689 secondary school students (13-16 years of age) in Sweden investigates the association between alcohol habits, the availability of alcohol and age, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnic origin and family structure. Data were obtained by anonymous questionnaires in 1991. The availability of alcohol increased from the seventh grade to the ninth as did the proportion of alcohol consumers and students with regular alcohol consumption. Boys in the seventh and eighth grades showed somewhat more advanced alcohol habits than girls, but in the ninth grade the opposite was seen. Students with more advanced alcohol habits and a higher availability of alcohol more often belonged to a lower socioeconomic strata and they lived more often with a single parent. Students of foreign background drank alcohol (especially wine) more regularly. An association was also found between the parents' liberal attitude toward offering alcohol at home and frequent intoxication and the students' experience of illicitly produced liquor, especially among the youngest students. In spite of the Swedish alcohol policy the availability of alcohol is rather high among young people. Special attention in alcohol preventive work should be paid to girls, young people living with one parent, young people in lower socioeconomic groups and young people of foreign origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Serum concentrations of total sialic acid and sialoglycoproteins in relation to coronary heart disease risk markers.

This study investigated the relationship between serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality. Correlations were determined between lifestyle-related coronary heart disease risk markers (cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, and leisure time physical activity), biological risk markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure) on the one hand and the concentration of sialic acid as well as sialic acid-rich acute phase proteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) on the other. A total of 145 men aged 21-46 years and with a C-reactive protein concentration below 5 mg/l were included. Total sialic acid concentration correlated significantly with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.48), number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.32), and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.23) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers. No significant partial correlations were found between serum total sialic acid concentration on the one hand and alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure on the other. Of the sialic acid-rich glycoproteins, orosomucoid correlated with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.38), haptoglobin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.35) and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.26) and alpha 1-antitrypsin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.18), leisure time physical activity (r = 0.17), alcohol consumption (r = -0.18), and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.21) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Influence of social support on cardiac event rate in men with ischaemic type ST segment depression during ambulatory 24-h long-term ECG recording. The prospective population study 'Men born in 1914', Malmö, Sweden.

Three-hundred and ninety-four 68-year-old men, representing 60.3% of a cohort of men born in 1914, were examined with ambulatory ECG during 24 h in 1982-83. Ninety-eight (24.8%) men had one or more episodes of ischaemic type ST segment depression (greater than or equal to 0.10 mV), 79 of whom had no history of previous ischaemic heart disease (IHD). During 63 months follow-up, 17 of the 98 suffered a cardiac event, i.e. fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) or death due to chronic IHD. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of psychosocial factors, such as social network and social support, on cardiac event rate in men with ischaemic ST segment depression. A higher risk was found among men with little material and informational support (i.e. access to practical services and material resources and access to guidance, advice and information (crude relative risk 4.8; 95% CI; 1.6-14.8) and men with low availability of emotional support (i.e. opportunity for care, encouragement of personal value and feelings of confidence and trust) (crude relative risk 4.3; 95% CI: 1.4-13.3). This association was independent of history of IHD and other known risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The epidemiology of sick leave in an urban population in Malmö, Sweden.

The epidemiology of sick leave was studied in the city of Malmö, Sweden, (230,000 inhabitants). Every current and completed sick-leave episode during the year of 1985 was collected for 124,411 persons aged 16 to 65, who were registered with the National Health insurance scheme in 1985. Absence rate, absence incidence, absence prevalence and absence duration were analyzed in relation to age, sex, marital status, nationality, income and place of residence. Absence rate (mean value) in the total population was 25.5 days with a median of three days. The absence rate increased by age. High absence rates were seen for females, single people and some immigrant groups. This was even true for residential areas characterized by a higher proportion of single-person households and households on social welfare, of unemployed and people with a low income and a foreign background. The absence rate gives limited information as to the epidemiology of sick leave. Through adding absence incidence, absence prevalence and absence duration it was possible to get a more comprehensive picture of the phenomenon. Sex-differences in absence rate for instance were mainly explained by differences in absence incidence and prevalence, while differences in absence rate regarding nationality were explained by differences in absence duration. This is an important step towards a better understanding of the factors behind sick leave.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

Job strain and mortality in elderly men: social network, support, and influence as buffers.

The aim was to investigate whether job strain affects mortality in a representative population of elderly men, and whether social network and social support outside the workplace can buffer the negative health effects of job strain. A higher relative mortality risk (RR) was found among men exposed to job strain (RR = 1.7). The combination of exposure to job strain and seven different measures of weak social network and social support was associated with a further increased RR ranging from 2.1 to 4.6.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Social network, social support and acute chest complaints among young and middle-aged patients in an emergency department--a case-control study.

The risk of developing non-specific chest complaints was higher among young and middle-aged persons with a weak social network and low social support, when comparing cases with controls at a hospital emergency department (ED). The study was comprised of 62 cases; two different control groups were recruited from other patients at the medical ED (n = 67) and from patients at the surgical ED with urolithiasis or cholecystitis (n = 31). Relative risks for non-specific chest complaints were 2.3-3.4 for patients with a low score on two of the social network factors (an overall index and social anchorage) and two social support factors (emotional esteem support and support by a confidant). These results could be used for developing guidelines for a more adequate clinical management of these patients, as well as for the prevention of stress-related conditions in general. An analysis was made of the conceptual validity of the instrument used for assessing social network and social support. It was concluded that structural elements, such as social network factors, represented a more valid measurement that was less affected by subjectivity. Future research is of importance for finding overbridging concepts, rather than to further continue the dissection of presently used indices into even more 'specific' variables.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Risk factors for carotid artery stenosis: an epidemiological study of men aged 69 years.

Four hundred and seventy-eight men born in 1914 and residing in the city of Malmö, Sweden, underwent ultrasonic Doppler examination of the carotid arteries in 1982/83. The known risk factors for vascular disease--blood pressure, lipids, glucose, hematocrit, alcohol consumption and Body Mass Index were also measured. A moderate stenosis (diameter reduction 30-59%) of the internal carotid artery was found in 95 men (20%); 15 men (3%) had a greater than or equal to 60% stenosis of the internal carotid artery, while 7 (1.5%) had complete unilateral occlusion. Smoking was found to be significantly related to severe carotid artery disease. There was also a significant correlation between maximum flow velocity in the internal carotid artery and triglycerides. Those quitting smoking before the age of 50 had the same incidence of internal carotid artery disease as non-smokers, while those quitting later in life had a slightly higher incidence than life-long smokers.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Social network and social support predict improvement of physical working capacity in rehabilitation of patients with first myocardial infarction.

A cohort of 50 patients under 70 years of age who had suffered their first myocardial infarction (MI) entered an exercise-based rehabilitation programme. An extensive personal interview concerning psychosocial factors, including social network and social support, as well as an assessment of an array of clinical and laboratory variables was made before the patients were discharged from the hospital. A follow-up 6 months later of the 40 patients that completed the programme showed that material social support and social anchorage at baseline predicted improvement in physical working capacity, independently from age, gender and important clinical variables. The authors conclude that psychosocial factors could be predictors of equal importance as many of the standard risk factors and clinical assessments in the rehabilitation of a majority of post-MI patients. It is suggested that training programmes should provide opportunities for involvement of the patients' social network, in order to benefit from optimal social support during the rehabilitation process.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Social support and quitting smoking for good. Is there an association? Results from the population study, "Men born in 1914," Malmö, Sweden.

The objective in this study was to analyse whether there is independent association between social network, social support, social influence and quitting smoking for good. The study sample (n = 621) comprised a random half of all male Malmö residents born in 1914, of which 500 (80.5%) participated. A new instrument based on a model with carefully defined and well differentiated concepts was used to measure different aspects of social network, social support and social influence. In logistic regression analysis, emotional support (an important aspect of social support) had an association to quitting smoking for good (odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.9-5.4), when adjustments were made for social class, marital status (spousal support), alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking of spouse and different medical conditions. Emotional support reflects the individuals' opportunity for care, encouragement of personal value and feelings of confidence and trust. This may contribute to a deeper understanding of mechanisms behind smoking cessation and could be of importance in the field of health promotion, but also for improvement of the long-term results of smoking cessation programs and in our clinical work with patients who smoke.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Social network and social support influence mortality in elderly men. The prospective population study of "Men born in 1914," Malmö, Sweden.

The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association of all-cause mortality with different aspects of social network, social support, and social influence. The study sample (n = 621) was a random half of all male residents of Malmö, Sweden, born in 1914, of whom 500 (80.5%) were interviewed and examined in 1982-1983. On the basis of a model with carefully defined and well-differentiated concepts integrated in a theoretic framework of social resources, an instrument was developed to measure different aspects of social network, social support, and social influence. During the follow-up period from September 1982 to November 1987, 67 (13.4%) of the 500 participants died. In univariate analysis, a higher mortality risk was found among men with low availability of emotional support and low adequacy of social participation and among men living alone (crude relative risk = 2.3, 2.3, and 1.7, respectively). These relative mortality risks changed little after adjustments for social class, health status at baseline, cardiovascular risk factors, alcohol intake, physical activity, and body mass index in the multivariate analysis (adjusted relative mortality risk = 2.5, 2.2, and 2.0 for men with low availability of social support and low adequacy of social participation and for men living alone, respectively). These findings are consistent with the existence of a general effect of social network and social support on mortality among elderly men.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1989

Increased mortality in men with ST segment depression during 24 h ambulatory long-term ECG recording. Results from prospective population study 'Men born in 1914', from Malmö, Sweden.

'Men born in 1914', from Malmö, Sweden, is a cohort study of the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases among 68-year-old men in an urban population. Ambulatory long-term ECG recording was part of the health examination that these men were invited to undergo in 1982. Five hundred attended (80.5%) of the 621 invited. Ninety-eight of the 394 men in whom the ECG recording was technically satisfactory had at least one episode with horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV. The median total duration of ST segment depression was 135 min. 90% of these episodes were not preceeded by any increase in heart rate. In only eight of the 47 men who reported an occurrence of chest symptoms during the recording period did ST segment depression and chest symptoms occur simultaneously. 43 months after the health examination, 33 (8.4%) men had died. The mortality in men without ST segment depression and without any history of coronary heart disease was 6.5%. The incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction in men without ST depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV and without a history of IHD was 2.3%. Men with ST depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV in comparison with this group had a 4.4 times greater relative risk. The risk in men with both ST segment depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV and history of coronary heart disease was 16.0 times greater. This study shows that asymptomatic ST segment depression is a frequent finding in elderly men. The occurrence of asymptomatic ST segment depression is associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality. This increased mortality is independent of a history compatible with angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction.

Aged↗