Biomedical subjects

B S Hsieh

Publications and source records attributed to B S Hsieh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Plasma renin activity, aldosterone level, serum and urinary electrolytes in normal pregnant women aged 35 and older.

Plasma renin activity (PRA), the plasma aldosterone (PA) level, and serum and urinary electrolytes were measured in 39 elderly pregnant women of greater than or equal to 35 (Group 1) and in 60 pregnant women less than 35 (Group 2) every four weeks from the 20th week of gestation to the fourth week postpartum. The PRA and PA levels increased in both groups. The PA levels increased after the 20th week and reached a peak at the 32nd week of gestation, while PRA decreased after the 20th week of gestation. This dissociation was observed in both groups. Daily urinary sodium excretion in Group 1 was higher than that of Group 2, while daily potassium excretion was not different between the two groups. Higher aldosterone secretion was observed after the 20th week of pregnancy in Group 1. It is concluded that pregnancy in older women is associated with higher sodium excretion and aldosterone secretion.

Aldosterone↗

PubMed1992

Effects of age and posture on plasma active renin and plasma inactive renin in normal subjects.

To investigate the effects of age and posture on plasma active and inactive renin, we measured the plasma active renin concentration (ARC) and inactive renin concentration (IRC) in 81 healthy subjects. The subjects were divided into five groups according to age and body position at the time the blood was taken. Group I included 15 five-day-old newborns in a supine position. Group H included 18 adults, aged from 20 to 50 years, who were in a supine position. Group III included 21 adults, over 50 years old, who were in a supine position. Group IV included 20 adults, aged from 20 to 50 years, who were in an upright position. Group V included 19 adults, over 50 years old, who were in an upright position. Twelve subjects were included in Groups II and IV. Plasma active renin was measured by the amount of angiotensin I general when an exogenous renin substrate was added. Plasma inactive renin was activated by trypsin. The results showed that, in a supine position, both ARC and IRC were significantly higher in newborns (Group I) than in the two adult groups (Groups II and III). The mean of the ARC/TPRC (total plasma renin concentration) ratio was lower in adults over 50 years old (Group III) than in those from 20 to 50 years old (Group II), but the difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effect of sodium depletion on urinary excretion of active and inactive kallikrein in glomerulonephritic patients.

To investigate the response of urinary active and inactive kallikrein excretion to sodium depletion in golmerulonephritic (GN) patients, we measured the excretion of urinary active and inactive kallikreins in 10 primary GN patients before and after a low sodium (17 mEq/day), constant potassium (40 mEq/day) diet. They ranged in age from 24 to 47 years with 7 men and 3 women. The etiology included 4 IgA nephropathy, 4 mesangial proliferative GN, 1 minimal change disease and 1 focal sclerosis. The active urinary kallikrein activity was measured by assay of its enzymatic activity on synthetic chromogenic substrate S-2266. The urinary inactive kallikrein excretion was determined indirectly by substracting active kallikrein activity from total kallikrein activity. The latter was measured after trypsin activation of inactive kallikrein. The results showed a significant increase in total and active urinary kallikrein excretion following a low salt diet. Yet, the inactive urinary kallikrein excretion and the ratio of active/total kallikrein excretion showed no significant change. There was no correlation between active and inactive urinary kallikrein excretion either before or after a low sodium, constant potassium diet. These findings suggest that the renal kallikrein-kinin system of GN patients responds normally to the stimulation of sodium depletion.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Plasma active renin, inactive renin and kallikrein in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation.

To investigate the role plasma kallikrein plays in the in vivo activation of inactive renin, we measured plasma active renin, inactive renin, kallikrein and prekallikrein levels in 10 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), with 16 normal persons as controls. The plasma active renin concentration was expressed by the angiotensin I generation rate after the addition of sheep renin substrate. Plasma inactive renin was activated by trypsin. The plasma total kallikrein level was measured by an assay of kallikrein activity on synthetic substrate S-2302 after the addition of a prekallikrein activator. Plasma kallikrein was assayed by its activity on S-2302 without addition of the activator. The prekallikrein level was obtained by subtracting the kallikrein activity from the total kallikrein activity. A significant decrease in the plasma prekallikrein concentration was observed in DIC patients, as compared to that of controls (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference in plasma levels of kallikrein, inactive renin, and the proportion of active renin between DIC patients and normal controls, but the active renin level was higher in DIC patients. There was no significant correlation between the level of plasma kallikrein and the proportion of active renin in either normal controls or DIC patients. These results are compatible with, but do not prove, the theory that plasma kallikrein plays a role in the in vivo activation of inactive renin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Urinary kallikrein excretion in chronic renal disease with respect to salt intake and renal reserve.

In order to investigate the status of urinary kallikrein excretion (UKE) in various chronic renal diseases, we measured the UKE in 56 patients with chronic renal diseases. They ranged in age from 19 to 80 with 26 males and 30 females. Among them were 31 patients with primary glomerulonephritis (GN) without nephrotic syndrome, 8 with nephrotic syndrome, 10 with various renal diseases in the azotemic stage, 3 in the uremic stage and 4 with type I renal tubular acidosis (RTA) due to Sjögren syndrome. The primary GN patients who were on a low salt diet were classified as group II GN, while those who partook freely of salt were classified as group I GN. Thirty-six normal volunteers were enrolled as controls. Kallikrein activity was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis of synthetic chromogenic substrate S-2266. Urinary electrolytes were measured by flame photometry. The results showed that UKE was lower in patients with group I GN, azotemic or uremic patients and in patients with RTA, as compared with normal controls. If UKE was corrected by creatinine clearance (CCr), the UKE/CCr ratio was still lower in group I GN patients, but became higher in patients with azotemia and uremia. The UKE/CCr ratio was not different from that of controls or patients with RTA. In nephrotic patients, the UKE and UKE/CCr ratio were both higher than that for normal controls. However, in group II GN patients, neither UKE nor the UKE/CCr ratio differed from that of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Plasma renin and kallikrein in parturient women and newborn babies.

There are changes in both the plasma renin system and plasma kallikrein system during parturition. To investigate the interrelationship between plasma inactive renin and plasma kallikrein, we measured plasma active renin, inactive renin, active kallikrein and inactive kallikrein in 21 parturient women just before delivery and on the 5th day after delivery, and also in 30 newborn babies upon birth and on the 5th day after birth. Plasma active renin was measured by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I generated after the addition of an exogenous substrate. Inactive renin was activated by trypsin. Active kallikrein was measured by kallikrein activity on substrate S-2302. Inactive kallikrein was activated by an activator containing the Hageman factor and kininogen. The results showed a significant decrease in active renin, inactive renin, and a significant increase in active kallikrein, inactive kallikrein and the active/total kallikrein ratio in mothers on the 5th day after delivery. In vaginally delivered babies, a decrease in active renin and in the active/total renin ratio were observed on the 5th day after birth, but inactive renin, active and inactive kallikrein showed no change. In babies delivered by cesarean section, no change in either the renin or kallikrein level was found. The patterns of change in plasma active renin and inactive renin in mothers and babies are in keeping with previous suggestions that plasma inactive renin is prorenin. There was no correlation between the plasma active/total renin ratio or the plasma active kallikrein level in mothers and babies, either before or after delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Comparison between spot urine and overnight urine in the estimation of 24-hour excretion of urine protein, sodium and kallikrein.

To compare the value of spot urine and overnight 9-hour urine in the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNaV), protein excretion (UpV) and kallikrein excretion (UKaV), we measured the concentration of sodium, protein, kallikrein and creatinine in spot urine, overnight 9-hour urine, and 24-hour urine samples obtained from 21 patients with various renal diseases. They ranged in age from 16 to 75 years with 10 males and 11 females. Urinary protein was measured by the Coomassie Blue dye-binding method. Urinary kallikrein activity was measured by assay of its amidase activity on synthetic substrate S-2266. The results showed that the 9-hour UpV and 9-hour urine P/Cr ratio was better correlated with the 24-hour UpV than the spot urine P/Cr ratio (at 9-11 AM), and the 9-hour UKaV and spot urine Ka/Cr ratio were better correlated with the 24-hour UKaV than the 9-hour Ka/Cr ratio. Only the 9-hour UNaV was correlated with the 24-hour UNaV. We conclude that overnight 9-hour urine, in view of its lower cost, equal effectiveness and convenience, is the best method to substitute for 24-hour urine collection in the evaluation of Na, P and Ka excretion in patients with renal diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Changes in plasma active and inactive renin and prekallikrein during hemodialysis.

To investigate the physiologic role of plasma inactive renin and its relationship to plasma kallikrein, we measured the changes in plasma active renin, inactive renin and prekallikrein levels in 14 uremic patients before and after hemodialysis. Blood was collected before, during and after hemodialysis, and prior to the next dialysis session. Plasma active renin was measured by radioimmunoassay of generated angiotensin I after addition of an exogenous substrate. Plasma inactive renin was activated by trypsin. Plasma prekallikrein was measured by the kallikrein-like activity on synthetic substrate S-2302 after activation of prekallikrein. The results showed that there was no change in blood pressure before, during or after dialysis, whereas the change in body weight after dialysis was significant. There was also no significant difference in the plasma active renin, inactive renin and prekallikrein levels for any of the collection periods. Plasma active renin was significantly correlated with inactive renin. The correlation between the active renin/total renin ratio and the plasma prekallikrein level was also not significant. These results suggest that in uremic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, the response of the renin system to acute plasma volume change is blunted. These data only provide evidence that plasma active renin is linked with inactive renin, but provide no evidence to support the idea that plasma inactive renin is a precursor of active renin or that plasma kallikrein is related to activation of inactive renin in vivo.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Exaggerated natriuresis in primary aldosteronism.

Acute response in blood pressure (BP) and natriuresis to saline infusion was evaluated in 16 patients with primary aldosteronism caused by aldosteronoma (PA) and 12 patients with salt-sensitive essential hypertension (SSEH). Salt-sensitivity was defined by a decrease in mean BP exceeding 5% at the second hour after a 20 mg furosemide injection. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and urine electrolytes in response to saline infusion were determined. During a 2-liter isotonic saline infusion, a similar degree of natriuresis and change in BP were observed in PA and SSEH patients. A significantly inverse correlation between the increase in mean BP and the degree of natriuresis at the end of the infusion was found in patients with SSEH (r = -0.80, p less than 0.01). No correlation was observed between these parameters in patients with PA (r = 0.28, p greater than 0.05). These results suggest that hypernatriuresis in SSEH may play a protective mechanism against abrupt increases in BP and volume during acute saline loading. This protective mechanism was not evident in patients with PA.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗

PubMed1991

Sequential changes in plasma renin activity and aldosterone level during pregnancy.

Sequential changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and the plasma aldosterone (PA) level were studied prospectively in 101 patients at Taipei Municipal Women and Children Hospital from the 20th week of gestation to the 4th week postpartum. Average maternal age was 31.8 years old and average fetal birth weight was 3,235 g. The PRA and PA levels during pregnancy were higher than those of the normal nonpregnant women. PRA decreased gradually from the 20th week of gestation and dropped markedly after delivery. The PA level increased after the 20th week of gestation and peaked at the 32nd gestational week, then returned to the nonpregnancy level after delivery. A dissociation between the PRA and PA levels after the 28th week of gestation was observed. Possible causes for this dissociation are discussed. This study provides reference data on PA and PRA levels during the course of a normal pregnancy for use in further studies on abnormal gestation.

Adult↗

PubMed1991