Tissue damage variables: energy source and operator.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B S Levy.
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Current Procedural Terminology and ICD-9-CM codes are tools used in clinical medicine to define work done and diagnoses or conditions for which the work was performed. It is important that all physicians become knowledgeable about these schemes to describe services provided correctly and accurately.
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BACKGROUND: In the 1980s, many medical organizations identified the prevention of nuclear war as one of the medical profession's most important goals. An assessment of the current danger is warranted given the radically changed context of the post-Cold War era. METHODS: We reviewed the recent literature on the status of nuclear arsenals and the risk of nuclear war. We then estimated the likely medical effects of a scenario identified by leading experts as posing a serious danger: an accidental launch of nuclear weapons. We assessed possible measures to reduce the risk of such an event. RESULTS: U.S. and Russian nuclear-weapons systems remain on a high-level alert status. This fact, combined with the aging of Russian technical systems, has recently increased the risk of an accidental nuclear attack. As a conservative estimate, an accidental intermediate-sized launch of weapons from a single Russian submarine would result in the deaths of 6,838,000 persons from firestorms in eight U.S. cities. Millions of other people would probably be exposed to potentially lethal radiation from fallout. An agreement to remove all nuclear missiles from high-level alert status and eliminate the capability of a rapid launch would put an end to this threat. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of an accidental nuclear attack has increased in recent years, threatening a public health disaster of unprecedented scale. Physicians and medical organizations should work actively to help build support for the policy changes that would prevent such a disaster.
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A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the AAGL to determine the current performance of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), and to assess the relative frequencies of techniques and complications. Answers of the 1092 members who responded were entered into a database computer program and analyzed. The analysis revealed 14,911 LAVHs performed by 767 members. Complication rates appeared to be in the same range as those reported for vaginal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy. Inferior epigastric injury was the most common complication. Physicians showed a shift in their practices away from abdominal hysterectomy after they learned LAVH.
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1. Occupational health problems in developing countries are more widespread and serious because they occur against a background of endemic risk factors for ill health. 2. In general, developing countries have less adequately developed occupational health personnel and programs and less adequately developed and enforced laws and regulations than developed countries. 3. Awareness of the importance of occupational health among workers, management, government officials, and the public is increasing with developing countries. 4. Occupational health professionals in developed countries can contribute in many ways to improving occupational health in developing countries.
The clinical anesthesia, general surgery, and gynecology literature addressing the pathophysiology and management strategies for perioperative pain were reviewed. There are few prospective, randomized studies from which to draw meaningful conclusions. Nevertheless, a theoretical construct has been developed which may help the gynecologic surgeon optimizing pain management. The era of managed care and shorter hospital stays has focused physicians and, in particular, surgeons on elements of patient care that can be addressed and improved. Reducing or eliminating postoperative pain without excessive sedation promotes rapid mobilization and return to self-care. Strategies for pain management can be adopted that reduce postoperative ileus and other adverse reactions to analgesics.
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