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Biomedical subjects

B S Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to B S Olsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Metabolic control and prevalence of microvascular complications in young Danish patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood.

AIMS: After Danish nationwide investigations (1987, 1989) demonstrated unacceptable blood glucose control in unselected young diabetic patients, we set out to estimate the present glycaemic control and the prevalence of microvascular complications in a cohort of children and adolescents participating in the two previous studies. METHODS: This follow-up represents 339 patients (47% of the inception cohort), median age 21.1 years (range 12.0-26.9), median diabetes duration 13.2 years (range 8.9-24.5). A standardized questionnaire, fundus photographs (with central reading) and a physical examination were performed. HbA1c and overnight albumin excretion rate (AER) were analysed centrally. RESULTS: Although 88% (n= 309) of the young persons were treated with three or more daily insulin injections, HbA1c (nondiabetic range 4.3-5.8, mean 5.3%) was 9.7+/-1.7% (mean+/-SD). Males had higher HbA1c values than females (P < 0.015). Mean daily insulin dose was 0.92+/-0.25 IU.kg(-1).24h(-1). Microalbuminuria (AER > 20-150 microg/min) and macroalbuminuria (AER > 150 microg/min) were found in 9.0% and 3.7% of the patients, respectively, and was associated with increased diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01) and presence of retinopathy (P<0.01). Retinopathy was present in approximately 60% of the patients and was associated with age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and AER (all P<0.01). Subclinical neuropathy (vibration perception threshold by biothesiometry > 6.5 V) was found in 62% and showed a significant association with age, linear height, diastolic blood pressure (all P < 0.01) and diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the majority of the patients being on multiple insulin injections, only 11% had HbA1c values below 8% and the prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications in kidneys, eyes and nerves was unacceptable high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

No stabilizing effect of the elbow joint capsule. A kinematic study.

We dissected 7 cadaveric elbow specimens, leaving the collateral ligaments and the joint capsule intact. The anterior and the posterior capsule were sequentially transected, followed by kinematic testings. We found no change in joint laxity after total transection of the capsule.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Combined hyperextension and supination of the elbow joint induces lateral ligament lesions. An experimental study of the pathoanatomy and kinematics in elbow ligament injuries.

An epidemiological study suggested that the injury mechanism of 'handball goalie's elbow' may be hyperextension. The pathomechanics of hyperextension combined with supination was studied in ten macroscopically normal, male, cadaveric elbow joint specimens. The age of the donors was 28.8 years (range 18-45 years). Extension loading of the elbow was performed in an experimental three-dimensional (3D)-kinematic loading apparatus. The degree of extension increased by 16.7 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees after loading. Hyperextension loads induced significant joint laxity in joint flexion (< 50 degrees) during forced valgus, external and internal rotation, respectively, but not during forced varus. The hyperextension trauma produced three lesions: (1) anterior capsule rupture, (2) avulsion of the proximal insertion of both the medial and the lateral collateral ligaments, and (3) occasional single rupture of the lateral collateral ligament. The lesions indicate that combined hyperextension and supination represent a possible mechanism leading to 'handball goalie's elbow'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Hyperextension trauma to the elbow joint induced through the distal ulna or the distal radius: pathoanatomy and kinematics. An experimental study of the ligament injuries.

Loads applied to the forearm result in hyperextension of the elbow. The pathomechanics of hyperextension trauma with load applied to the distal radius and ulna were studied in 10 macroscopically normal cadaver elbow joint specimens to reveal patterns of injury with radial traction (n = 5) compared to ulnar traction (n = 5). The mean age of the donors was 60.8 years (range 33-74). Kinematic testing was performed in an experimental 3D-kinematic loading apparatus. The extension range of motion increased by 20.9 degrees +/- 2.9 degrees after joint loading. Hyperextension loads induced joint laxity during flexion of less than 60 degrees. In both groups, the changes were significant in joint flexion during forced valgus and external rotation, but were not significant in flexion during forced varus and internal rotation. In both groups, the same four lesions were produced: 1) Anterior capsule rupture, 2) L-formed rupture of the origin of the pronator muscle with elongation of the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, 3) partial rupture of the lateral collateral ligament and 4) small cartilage damage to the posterior or anteromedial edge of the ulna. In conclusion, hyperextension trauma to the elbow joint induced through the distal ulna or the distal radius produced the same pattern of injury as reported in hyperextension of the elbow with traction to the forearm when free rotation of the radius relative to the ulna was allowed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Recurrent arthritis in a child. A rare manifestation of Wilson's disease].

Wilsons disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper transportation, which is fatal if not treated. The disease often starts in adolescence, and most common symptoms are due to liver-and/or brain involvement. This paper deals with an adolescent with Wilsons disease. His clinical presentation was joint complaints for almost two years. The final diagnosis was made by mutation analysis. It is stressed that the clinician should consider Wilson's disease in cases of unexplained liver- and neurological involvement as well as cases of repetitive unexplained joint symptoms in the pubertal period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Non-immunological hydrops fetalis].

Hydrops foetalis is an uncommon condition, occurring in 1/1400-1/4000 of all pregnancies. The possible etiologies to the disease are numerous and up to now the prognosis has been very dull, with a mortality-rate of 40-90%. A successfully treated case story is presented. It is concluded, that it is essential from the very beginning to treat the child aggressively to restore normal respiratory and circulatory function. When this is performed the child will have a good chance of surviving and developing normally.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Elevated vibration perception threshold in young patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to non-diabetic children and adolescents.

The vibration perception threshold (VPT) was investigated by biothesiometry in 61 children (28 boys) with Type 1 diabetes, mean age 15.5 (range 10-21) years, duration of diabetes 6.9 (range 1-19) years, and in 76 healthy children (39 males), mean age 13.8 (range 10-19) years. The measurements were performed in triplicate on the right second finger and on the right first toe. The vibration perception threshold was significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in the young diabetic patients (mean +/- SD, finger 4.1 +/- 1.1 V, toe: 5.7 +/- 1.3 V) compared to healthy children (finger 3.4 +/- 0.9 V, toe: 3.6 +/- 1.3 V). Twenty percent of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes had a VPT above the 95th percentiles (finger: 5 V, toe 6.5 V) for normal control children. In healthy controls a significant correlation (r = 0.27, p < 0.01) was found for VPT in finger versus toe. This relationship was not significant in the diabetic group and may be due to reduced sensitivity of the fingertips caused by frequent blood glucose testing. Age, Tanner stage and height were significantly correlated to VPT (toe) in both diabetic and normal boys, while duration of diabetes, HbA1c, arterial blood-pressure and body mass index were not significantly associated with VPT in any of the groups. The results indicate that changes in VPT appears early in childhood and emphasize a need for further studies of subclinical neuropathy in young patients with Type 1 diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Plant thorn synovitis in a child].

The first Danish case report of a thorn-induced arthritis is presented. The symptoms and histopathology are similar to those in the cases described in foreign literature. The clinical presentation is that of transient acute synovitis, followed by an asymptomatic period, and later by a period of persistent symptoms, often after the thorn injury was forgotten. Histopathology shows granulomatous synovitis. Synovectomy and removal of the plant thorn usually results in normal joint function. The diagnosis should be remembered in undiagnosed cases of monoarticular arthritis.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1987

Neurogenous hyperplasia leading to appendiceal obliteration: an immunohistochemical study of 237 cases.

A series of 237 appendices was studied immunohistochemically for neurogenous hyperplasia. This was observed in 195 cases. It was possible to trace a continuum from appendices with intact lumens, featuring intramucosal neurogenous hyperplasia often with co-existent submucosal and muscular nerve growth, to obliterated specimens whose axial portions were composed of varying proportions of nerve tangles and fibrous tissue. Predominantly fibrotic specimens were considered as end-stages of this process. Stromal, argyrophilic cells lying amidst the nerve elements were prominent in the early, non-obliterated cases; their number decreased in the obliterated nerve rich specimens and such cells became inapparent in the late fibrotic stage. Repeated minimal subclinical attacks of inflammation are thought to trigger this lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Giant appendicular neurofibroma. A light and immunohistochemical study.

A case of solitary appendicular neurofibromatosis is presented. The neurogenous nature of the lesion was emphasized by the positive reaction for S-100 protein. Attention is directed towards the morphological differences between neurogenous hyperplasia, which is a reactive common place feature in the elderly, and the present example of neoplastic nerve growth, which produced a gigantic appendix. A review of the literature failed to disclose any previous case unassociated with von Recklinghausen's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of midshaft clavicular nonunion with plate fixation and autologous bone grafting.

We studied the results of 16 consecutive midshaft clavicular nonunions operated on at the Shoulder and Elbow Clinic during the period from 1990 to 1993. All patients were treated with rigid 3.5 mm plate fixation and autologous cancellous bone grafting. Union of the fractures was achieved in all except one case, with a reconstruction ratio (restoration of bone length) of 0.96 (range 0.88 to 1.03). At follow-up 12 of 16 patients had returned to their preinjury activity level and according to the Constant score had obtained an excellent result. Two patients were graded as good, one as fair, and one had a failure. Thirteen of 16 patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome, assessing their cosmetic result as either good or excellent. Rigid plate fixation and restoration of clavicular length with autologous cancellous bone graft is recommended for the treatment of symptomatic clavicular midshaft nonunions.

Adolescent↗