Biomedical subjects

B Salazard

Publications and source records attributed to B Salazard.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[The lymphatic malformations: clinical aspects and evolution].

Lymphatic malformations (LM) are the most frequent vascular malformations. There are three types of lesions involving lymphatic development that must be included in LM: vascular anomalies and knots (truncal malformations [TLM]); cystic anomalies, superficial or deep, uni- or multicystic (extratruncal malformations [ETLM]) and hemolymphatic anomalies which combine venous, arterial, or capillary malformations with LM. ETLM can be ubiquitously distributed but most are located in the cervical or axillary regions. Most ETLM are diagnosed at birth and in 80-90% of the cases before the age of 2. The clinical aspects are extremely variable: superficial ETLM (vesicular) and deep ETLM, localised or diffuse, mono- or multicystic. TLM are generally located on a lower limb with neonatal lymphatic oedema (often in a polymalformation context). All forms of the hemolymphatic combination can be identified. They are generally located on the limbs and are often unilateral. They are usually sporadic but can also be can be found in polymalformation syndromes (Klippel-Trénaunay, Parkes-Weber, Protée, Maffucci). ETLM generally tend to increase in volume and spread with age with stabilisation at puberty. They do not tend to spontaneously regress. Specific local complications can have serious consequences. They are linked to haemorrhaging, infections and compression phenomena. There can also be complications such as skeletal and soft tissue hypertrophy.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

[Indications of lasers treatment for lymphatic malformations].

Cutaneous dermatologic lesions of LM, in type of superficial, translucent, localized or diffuse vesicles, are accessible to laser treatment. The useful lasers are essentially laser CO(2), and rarely pulsed dye laser and the Nd: YAG. Treatment by laser allows to obtain the ablation of vesicles by limiting aftereffects (scare) and so to dry up the transcutaneous lymphatic liquid. However laser has no action on the deep constituent of the LM and it's why medium and long term recurrences are inevitable. Finally, the indication of the laser must be retained only as a supplement to the surgery and has to be done by experimented persons.

Aluminum Silicates↗

PubMed2006

[Port wine stains or capillary malformations: surgical treatment].

Capillary malformations do not demand mostly any therapeutics. For aesthetic reasons, family or child can demand a treatment to ease even to remove the unsightly character of the lesion. In this context, the means employees must be simple and not engender aftereffects more unaesthetic than the lesion. The pulsed dye laser fulfils perfectly this conditions by improving the color of the lesion without touching the texture of the skin. However it's a treatment requiring many sessions over 2-3 years. Surgery keeps an interest for the treatment of capillary malformations resistant to laser (in particular on the limbs) or to treat soft tissues hyperplasia met in certain cervicofacial locations. The surgery uses the whole techniques of plastic surgery classified from the most simple to the most complicated: excision-suture in one time or iterative, excision and coverage by a skin graft, use of skin expansion techniques with local flaps.

Capillaries↗

PubMed2006

Analysis of burns caused by pre-filled gas canisters used for lamps or portable camping stoves.

The use of pre-filled valveless gas canisters for lamps or camping stoves has caused a number of serious burn incidents. We performed a retrospective analysis of all of the patients who were victims of such incidents admitted to the Marseille Burn Centre between January 1990 and March 2004. There were a total of 21 patients burned in such conditions. Adult males made up the majority of the victims of this sort. Lesions were often extensive (60% of the patients were burned over more than 10% of their body surface) and systematically deep. In order of frequency, burn locations were: the lower limbs, the upper limbs, the hands and the face. The incidents principally occurred during replacement of the canister near an open flame. The marketing of a canister with a valve in order to avoid gas leaks did not cause the old canisters to be taken off the market. On the contrary, European Safety Standard EN417, updated in October 2003, validated the use of these valveless canisters. The severity of the lesions caused and the existence of safe equivalent products requires the passage of a law that forbids valveless canisters.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Craniofacial cleft: a case of Tessier no. 3, 7 and 11 cleft.

The incidence of the rare facial clefts is between 1.43 and 4.85 per 100.000 births. We report a case of right associated Tessier no. 3, 7 and 11 craniofacial clefts with cardiac malformation. The epidemiology, classification, embryology and pathogenesis of each craniofacial malformation are briefly reviewed. After an extensive review of the literature, we conclude that this association has not previously been reported.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2005

Hibernoma of the antero-lateral thigh.

Hibernoma is a rare benign tumour of brown fat. In most cases it presents as a voluminous slow-growing mass in the regions where remnants of brown fat can remain in adults. We report a case of a hibernoma on the thigh and present the diagnostic and therapeutic elements of this type of tumour, whose differential diagnosis of liposarcoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Low-level arsenite activates the transcription of genes involved in adipose differentiation.

In this study we analyzed gene expression in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocyte cells that differentiate in the presence of micro-molar arsenate concentration. Two concentrations of arsenite (As2O3, 0.25 micromol/L and 0.5 micromol/L) were applied for three days with and without insulin (170 nmol/L) and gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The genes included genes of oxidative-stress responses: heme-oxygenase-1 (HO1) and the hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF1alpha), genes of cell-cycle: c-jun and Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5), and genes that play important roles in adipose determination: a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) and a CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein (C/EBPalpha). Arsenite induced the expression of HO1, HIF1alpha, KLF5, PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha. These results suggest that under condition of oxidative stress arsenite induces genes that are required for adipose differentiation.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed2004

[Fingertip injuries in children: 81 cases with at least one year follow-up].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Fingertip crush injuries are frequent in young children. Rigorous care is required to avoid esthetic and functional sequelae, but treatment is often difficult. We report our experience focusing on simple therapeutic principles useful for everyday practice in the emergency room. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 91 fingertip injuries in 81 children followed for at least one year. Mean age of the children was 4.5 years. Crush injuries predominated (82%) and mainly involved the middle finger. We recorded the initial lesions, therapeutic interventions, and early complications. At last follow-up, we recorded sensitivity, aspect of the pulp and nail, and the subjective assessment of the parents. RESULTS: There were four infectious including three periungual and subungual felons and two necrotic complications. One child developed a bone infection that required surgery and antibiotics. At last follow-up, seven patients (8%) had sensorial disorders, six (7%) an inesthetic pulp and 23 (25%) dystrophic nails (minor=19, major=4). The parents felt the result was very good for 80% of the children,. Pulp sensitivity disorders were more frequent when the nail bed was injured. Nail dystrophy was more frequent after initial pulp amputation. DISCUSSION: The nail plays an important role in finger function, increasing tactile sensitivity and facilitating prehension. Fingertip injuries can be considered benign but require careful initial evaluation and rigorous management. If a sub-ungual hematoma covers more than half of an intact nail, puncture with a cold lancet appears to be indicated to avoid infection and reduce pain. Perforation with a heated instrument (paper clip) is easy to perform but the hematoma may reform rapidly. In the event of fracture, perforation should always be performed. Detached nails should be removed to examine the nail bed which must be sutured carefully if injured. Pulp lesions should also be sutured.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Auguste Lumière, pioneer of the modern cicatrization].

At the "Grand Café" in Paris, on december 28, 1895 Louis and Auguste Lumiere displayed the cinematograph, a technical innovation that revolutionized the nascent motion picture. It was the first public projection of a film. While Louis continues his work on pictures and invents autochrome plates for colour photography, Auguste focused his interests on biology and medicine. Since Ambroise Paré, few doctors have been interested in the healing process. Although Carrel and Lecomte Du Nouy published the first studies in the early twentieth century, Auguste Lumière was a pioneer in the modern research and treatment of wounds. He applied the principles of experimental medicine. In his research he used 44 dogs to study the healing speed and the scar quality in certain areas and under general conditions. In the winter of 1914-1915 he studied in Lyon several hundred wounds of war casualties. In 1922 he established and published in a marvellous book the principles of normal healing. In the department of Pr Leon Bérard he was shocked by the fetidness of the wards where the dried bandages were changed once a week. In 1915 he perfected a revolutionary sterilized "treatment-bandage" consisting of 2 mm stitched gauze saturated with Vaseline and Perou's balsam: the "Tulle Gras. In order to disinfect wounds, he used an iodized solution, sprayed in little droplets. The lives of Auguste and Louis Lumière were full of projects and inventions. When Auguste died in 1954 he had registered more than one hundred patents.

Cicatrix↗

PubMed2001

[Severe upper airway obstruction in infectious mononucleosis: a life emergency].

BACKGROUND: Upper airway obstruction can represent a severe, life-threatening complication of infectious mononucleosis. We report a rare case of airway obstruction in a child with infectious mononucleosis associated with herpes virus infection, and we discuss management strategy that can be proposed in such cases. CASE REPORT: A 9-year-old girl was hospitalised in intensive care unit for obstructive dyspnea during infectious mononucleosis. Despite five days of corticosteroids and tracheal intubation, persistent pharyngo-tonsillar tumefaction led us to perform a surgical adenotonsillectomy. This latter treatment allowed immediate tracheal extubation and a rapid recovery. Histology showed a herpes virus infection associated with infectious mononucleosis. CONCLUSION: Maintaining airway opening in infectious mononucleosis needs sometimes to use instrumental interventions: nasal trumpet, endotracheal intubation, even tracheostomy. Early tonsilloadenoidectomy may relieve airway obstruction and allow a rapid recovery in the most severe cases. Airway obstruction in infectious mononucleosis may be aggravated by concomitant herpes virus infection that should be searched for in this situation, in order to adapt the treatment.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1999

MRI of the intracranial corticospinal tracts in amyotrophic and primary lateral sclerosis.

Our aim was to investigate the corticospinal tracts (CST) in motor neurone disease, using MRI, and to correlate findings with clinical data. We studied 31 patients with amyotrophic (ALS) and eight with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). The signal from the CST was classified into four grades on T2-weighted images, and compared to T2-weighted images of 37 age-matched control subjects. No abnormalities were seen in the CST on T1-weighted images and were rarely evident on proton-density weighting. Variable high signal in the CST was found on T2-weighted images in 35 patients, and in 29 control subjects. Our grades 0 and 1 were more frequent in control subjects, grades 2 and 3 more frequent in patients. We found no correlation between the high signal and clinical data, including the duration of the illness. We therefore conclude that this technique is neither sensitive nor specific except in grade 3 which is quite specific for ALS. In half the patients we found atrophy of the superior parietal gyrus, which merits further study.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The "Bilhaut-Cloquet" technique for treatment of thumb duplication.

The presentation of thumb duplication is variable depending on the level of bifurcation, the relative sizes of the two thumbs and their possible symmetry along a longitudinal axis. Resection of the supernumerary thumb often leads to disappointing results when both thumbs are hypoplastic. The principle of the "Bilhaut-Cloquet" procedure involves central resection of the duplication followed by fusion of the remaining lateral portions, in order to obtain a thumb of satisfactory volume. Thirteen children with unilateral thumb duplication were treated using the "Bilhaut-Cloquet" procedure. Nine cases involved duplication of the distal phalanx (Wassel type II). Five of these duplications were symmetrical and four were asymmetrical with an associated proximal delta phalanx. In these cases, a corrective osteotomy of the delta phalanx was performed at the same time. Four cases involved symmetrical duplications of both proximal and distal phalanges (Wassel type IV). The mean age at time of surgery was 11.5 months. Patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up of four years. The aesthetic aspect of the nail was judged as good in 12 cases. In one case, the aesthetic aspect of the nail was judged as fair due to a prominent longitudinal ridge. Bony fusion was obtained in all cases but one. The alignment was corrected in all cases but four, involving asymmetrical duplications. Joint mobility was limited in all patients. The "Bilhaut-Cloquet" technique leads to a satisfactory volume of the thumb in selected cases. Good correction of preoperative angular deformity is obtained in symmetrical cases. A precise technique of bone and nail approximation yields good functional and aesthetic results. The "Bilhaut-Cloquet" technique is indicated in balanced and symmetrical duplications, when the two thumbs are severely hypoplastic. It can be used either in the distal or proximal phalangeal types of thumb duplication.

Child↗