PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Sandahl

Publications and source records attributed to B Sandahl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of combined treatment with phenylpropanolamine and estriol, compared with estriol treatment alone, in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence.

Twenty-nine postmenopausal women with slight to severe stress urinary incontinence and estrogen deficiency symptoms in the urogenital tract were treated with estriol, p.o. 4 mg once daily, and either phenylpropanolamine (PPA), p.o. 50 mg twice daily, or placebo for periods of 6 weeks according to a randomized double-blind crossover schedule. At urodynamic recordings the maximum urethral closure pressure increased by 22% with combined treatment (p less than 0.001) and an additional effect of PPA to estriol was shown (p = 0.022). The pressure transmission ratio increased, by about 15%, with both treatments (p less than 0.07). The number of leakage episodes was reduced by 28% with combined treatment (p = 0.007), but not with estriol alone (p = 0.08). Both combined treatment and estriol alone reduced significantly (p less than 0.01) the urinary incontinence complaints. Twelve women (43%) preferred combined treatment, while 7 (25%) preferred estriol alone. In women with initially slight to very severe urine loss, combined treatment reduced also (p = 0.02) the amount of urine loss, measured at a standardized physical stress test. Signs of estrogen deficiency in vulva, vagina and urethra were reduced, 75% (p less than 0.001) or 65% (p = 0.001) with estriol given in combination with PPA or alone. Maturation index of both urethral and vaginal epithelium displayed significant changes. It is concluded that the combined treatment, PPA + estriol, by affecting both the muscular and mucosal factor of the urethra, is more effective than estriol alone for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in the postmenopausal ages.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1989

Smoking habits and spontaneous abortion.

Smoking habits have been compared in three samples of pregnancies: (1) spontaneous abortions (n = 610); (2) induced abortions (n = 800); and (3) deliveries (n = 1337). The variables studied were, besides smoking habits, day of LMP, outcome of earlier pregnancies, maternal age, and, for the delivery sample, also diagnoses of mother and child, gestational length, sex, and birthweight. A statistical analysis of the association between smoking and the risk of having a spontaneous abortion was made. The comparisons were made with all types of intra-uterine pregnancies but spontaneous abortions, e.g., deliveries and induced abortions. The effects and consequences of that are discussed. The smoking rates according to pregnancy outcome differ among the samples. In the induced abortion sample 58% smoked compared with 50% in the spontaneous abortion sample and 44% in the delivery sample. The well-known effect of smoking on gestational length and birthweight was shown. No significant effect of smoking on the miscarriage risk was seen. The only trend was the opposite. Possible explanations for this are discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1986

Familial occurrence of cervical cancer, stages 0-IV.

All patients hospitalized in 1982 at the Department of Gynecology in Malmö because of malignancy of the cervix uteri attended an interview study concerning the presence of cervical cancer among their nearest relatives. In addition, these patients were questioned concerning earlier gonorrheal infection. The blood group was determined as also was the secretory status and Gm allotype. As a control group the families of the male consorts were used. Cervical cancer was found significantly more often in mothers of the patients (7.9%) than in the consorts' mothers (1.0%). Sisters, aged 20 or over, of the patients had cervical cancer significantly more often (7.5%) than sisters of the consorts (1.1%). Moreover, cervical cancer in mothers and/or sisters was found in 15.6% of the patients. In cases of invasive cancer or previously operated CIS, this figure was 17.5%. The patients did not differ significantly from the normal population regarding blood group or secretory status. A somewhat lower, although non-significant, frequency of Gm(1) allotype was found in patients with invasive cancer, compared with patients with CIS. Patients with a positive family history of cancer had more often had gonorrhea (24%) than patients with a negative family history (18%). The study indicates a multifactorial etiology for cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of drug use, smoking and contraceptives during early pregnancy.

In a prospective study, 2436 women were interviewed regarding contraceptive technique used before pregnancy, on drug use, exposure to X-rays, smoking habits, and vaginal bleeding during the first 17 weeks of pregnancy. The study was conducted in Malmö during 1979 and early 1980. The study, compared with two similar Swedish studies made in 1963-65 in Malmö and a multicenter study from 1973-74, shows a drastic reduction of psychotropic drug use, from 13.5% to 3.0% and of hormone use from 3.75 to 1.1%. The use of analgetics, however, shows an increase, from 27% to 60.7%. For antibiotic and antihistamine use there is little or no difference. The study shows no connection between drug use and fetal malformation. Smoking habits have changed--the number of non-smokers is the same but the proportion of heavy smokers (more than 10 cigs/day) has decreased from 8.9% to 1.5%. 18 (0.8%) women become pregnant while using oral contraceptives and 13 (0.5%) with an IUD in place.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Influence of ketamine on non-pregnant uterus in vivo.

This investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of ketamine anesthesia on non-pregnant uterine activity. Seven healthy non-pregnant women took part in the study. Anesthesia was induced with an i.v. bolus injection of ketamine 2 mg/kg and maintained with a continuous i.v. ketamine infusion, mean dosage 39 micrograms/kg/min. Before induction of anesthesia, each patient was placed in the lithotomy position, and a catheter fitted with two microtransducers for monitoring of intra-uterine pressures was fed through the cervix into the uterine cavity. For determination of plasma concentrations of ketamine and norketamine, venous blood samples were collected. The assay was based on a gas-liquid chromatographic technique. It was found that ketamine induced an increased uterine activity, both in basal tone and intensity of contractions. Only minor effects on the frequency were observed. This stimulatory effect was simultaneous with a hemodynamic stimulation with increases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure, and with the peak plasma concentration of ketamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of labor pain with locally applied ketocaine.

Ketocaine, a new local anesthetic drug, was used for treatment of referred pain during labor. In a randomized, double-blind manner, fifty primigravidae received compresses containing either ketocaine in a 10 per cent ethanol solution or compresses with saline (placebo). The compresses were applied to the skin areas where the patient experienced the most intense pain. Nineteen of the 25 patients receiving ketocaine compresses reported good or moderate pain relief for an average of 2.5 h (range 1--5 h). These patients had a mean cervical dilatation of 3 cm (range 2--5 cm). In patients without effect of the compresses, the cervix was dilated to a mean of 6 cm (range 5--8 cm). In patient reporting good effect of the treatment, pains were located mainly to the back. Only six of the 25 patients receiving placebo compresses obtained relief of pain. The effect ceased immediately upon removal of the compresses. There was no relation between pain relief and the degree of cervical dilatation, or localization of the pain. No maternal or fetal side-effects related to the treatment were registered.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Local application of ketocaine for treatment of referred pain in primary dysmenorrhea.

In a randomized, double-blind cross-over study the effect on referred pain of the local anesthetic, ketocaine, was evaluated in 23 women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Ketocaine was administered in compresses containing 1 g ketocaine in a 10 per cent ethanol solution. The investigation comprised two consecutive menstrual periods. During one, the patient received ketocaine compresses, and during the other placebo compresses, i.e. compresses without ketocaine. The compresses were applied to the skin area where the patient experienced the most intense pain. When receiving ketocaine compresses, 19 of the 23 patients reported good or moderate pain relief. The effect was recognized within 30 to 60 minutes and lasted for a mean of 3 hours (range 1.5--5 h). Only four of the patients reported relief of pain when receiving placebo compresses. This effect ceased when the compresses were removed. No general side effects were registered. However, erythema at the site of compress application was more often observed after ketocaine than after placebo compresses.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1979

Trial of the calcium antagonist nifedipine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.

The effect of the calcium antagonist, nifedipine, on menstrual pain was investigated in 40 women with severe, primary dysmenorrhoea and 36 of them were observed over 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. Twenty-six patients experienced good pain relief, 10 moderate relief and 4 reported no benefit. The frequency of symptoms associated with menstrual pain was not reduced. Fifteen women regularly suffering from migraine during the menstrual period reported increased headache after intake of the drug. Due to this side effect four of these patients did not continue treatment for more than one cycle. All patients had transient facial flushing occurring 15--30 min after drug intake; this was well tolerated. An increase in pulse rate was also invariably found. However, only 5 patients complained of palpitations. Twenty-five of the 36 women completing the three-month trial wanted to continue nifedipine therapy regularly. It is concluded that calcium antagonists like nifedipine can be used for treatment of severe primary dysmenorrhoea, and that further evaluations of these drugs are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on uterine blood flow in non-treated and oestradiol-treated rats.

Organ blood flow, as estimated by the radioactive labelled microsphere technique, was studied in rats before and after intracaval administration of the calcium antagonist nifedipine. Intra-uterine and arterial blood pressures were registered simultaneously. Two groups of animals were investigated, one non-treated and one treated with oestradiol. After administration of nifedipine, an increase in the blood flow to the brain, the heart and the kidneys was seen in both groups of animals. However, in the uterus, blood flow was markedly increased in non-treated, but not so in oestradiol-treated animals. The arterial blood pressure and intra-uterine pressure were almost unaffected. The results suggest that nifedipine can markedly increase blood flow to the uterus of non-oestrogen-treated rats with only minor effects on intra-uterine and arterial blood pressures.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Seasonal birth pattern in Sweden in relation to birth order and maternal age.

The influence of both maternal age and parity on seasonal birth patterns in Sweden was studied, using the Swedish Medical Birth Register for 1973. The register contained reports of 109 342 pregnancies. A test for seasonality, using a squared sinus function and an analysis of variance, was performed for each age and parity group. Significant differences were shown for parity irrespective of age and age groups within parity groups. There was one exception: no influence of parity could be demonstrated in women more than 35 years of age. For the lowest and the highest age groups (all parities), there was no significant seasonality in birth rate tested by the squared sinus method. This was also true for parity 3 (age group 20--24) and parity 1 (age group 30--34). The other age groups and parity classes show a significant seasonality with a maximum of births in April and May.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Seasonal incidence of some congenital malformations in the central nervous system in Sweden, 1965-1972.

Seasonal trends of some congenital CNS malformations in infants born in Sweden during the years 1965 to 1972 were investigated. The study is based on reports to the Swedish Register of Congenital Malformations, statistics from the National Board of Health, and records from Malmö General Hospital and the Hospital of Lund. The malformations analysed in this study are anencephaly, spina bifida aperta (with or without hydrocephalus) and isolated hydrocephalus. Variations in incidence of months of birth and last menstrual period (LMP) were tested statistically in three different ways: standard X2-test for heterogeneity between recorded numbers of infants each calender month, Edwards' method, and a squared sinus function, all with or without correction for variations in general monthly birth rates. Statistical significant seasonal variations were found for anencephaly with an LMP maximum in March and for spina bifida aperta with a maximum in July. Factors which can explain such seasonality are briefly discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Seasonal incidence of cleft lips and cleft palates in Sweden, 1965--1974.

Seasonal trends of infants with cleft lips and palates born in Sweden during a ten-year period were investigated. The study is based on reports to the Swedish Register of Congenital Malformations supplemented with hospital data. Three different statistical methods were used: chi2 for heterogeneity between months, Edwards' method, and a squared sinus function technique. The tests were performed on birth date and date of last menstrual period (LMP) with and without correction for fluctuation in monthly birth rate. Statistical significant seasonality was found both for cleft lips with or without cleft palate (CLP) and for isolated cleft palate (CP) but only for LMP data. For CLP. a peak was found in March and for CP, in April.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1976

Exposure to drugs and other possibly harmful factors during the first trimester of pregnancy. Comparison of two prospective studies performed in Sweden 10 years apart.

474 women in mid-pregnancy, interviewed at ten different hospitals in Sweden, were questioned on a number of social and medical items: e.g., drug use, contraceptive technique used before pregnancy, exposure to possibly deleterious factors in the environment. The study, compared with a similar study made ten years earlier in Sweden, showed little or no difference in the use of iron and/or vitamin preparations, analgesic drugs, antibiotics, or endocrine drugs; but a drastic reduction is noted in the use of psychotropic drugs and of antihistaminic drugs. A marked decrease in frequency of first trimester X-ray exposures can be found, but no marked changes in smoking habits. Appr. 18% of the women used contraceptive pills within 6 months of becoming pregnant---3 had used them during early pregnancy. About 4% (18 women) had used IUD---one became pregnant with a Cu-UID (intra-uterine device inpregnated with copper).This type of study can provide some information on the prevalence of relatively common factors, but it must be considerably extended in order to permit an analysis of rare events, e.g., use of most drugs.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗