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B Sandin

Publications and source records attributed to B Sandin.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Intralobar septal oedema: 'D' lines.

A combined radiological and autopsy study of pulmonary oedema enables recognition of oedema lines other than Kerley 'A', 'B' and C lines. These have been designated 'D' lines. At least three varieties have been noted: (i) thick, long often angular lines seen mainly anteriorly overlying the heart shadow on the lateral film. These may also appear as horizontal or vertical band shadows, on the frontal view. (ii) Short and straight lines, occurring basally and often slightly thicker at the pleural surface, which on autopsy lung radiographs are associated with puckering of the pleura. They have also been recognised on lateral films where they resemble the pleural end of a fissure but have been seen in positions where fissures do not mormally occur, or in addition to the normal fissure. (iii) A subpleural reticular pattern surrounding spaces 1-2 cm in diameter. This has been noted only on autopsy-inflated lungs and not detected on in vivo chest radiographs. The long 'D' lines or D(i) lines occur in areas where 'B' lines are inconspicuous or absent and vice versa. Whereas 'B' lines are most prominent in areas of macroscopic alveolar pulmonary oedema, D(i) lines occur where macroscopic alveolar pulmonary oedema is often inconspicuous. The recognition that lines other than 'A', B and 'C' occur in case of pulmonary oedema greatly assists in the interpretation and diagnosis of the shadows on chest radiographs associated with pulmonary oedema.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

Pulmonary oedema at necropsy: a combined pathological and radiological method of study.

Fixation of lungs at necropsy by inflation with formaldehyde vapour was used in a combined radiological and pathological study of pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary oedema was found in 79% of lungs examined. The earliest phases affect the interstitial tissue with oedematous connective tissue planes and distension of pulmonary lymphatics. These changes may be associated with reduction in the compliance of the lung. Alveolar filling is a late stage in the accumulation of oedema fluid in the lungs.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Changes in pancreatic morphology associated with aging.

Retrograde pancreatography has been carried out at necropsy in 120 cases and the results have been analysed in statistical detail. With increasing age, changes in pancreatic anatomy occur which must not be taken to indicate pathology. These changes are: (1) low or ptotic position of the pancreas so that the papilla of Vater is below the level of L3; (2) calcification of the splenic and superior mesenteric arteries which produce calcific densities around the pancreas; (3) increasing width of main pancreatic duct along its whole length at about 8% per decade; in the elderly, widths of 1 cm can occur in the main duct in the head of the pancreas without evidence of obstruction; (4) formation of ductular ectasia which affects mainly the interlobular ductules but also intralobular ductules; (5) some ectatic ducts reach the dimensions of cysts, ie, 1-2 cm in diameter. OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES WHICH HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED AND WHICH MAY PRODUCE DIFFICULTIES IN RADIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION ARE: (a) narrowed ducts not due to stricture; (b) space-occupying lesions due to superior mesenteric artery, splenic artery, aorta, vertebral osteophytes, sympathetic ganglion, and lymph nodes; (c) metastases in the pancreas-these must be distinguished from primary pancreatic carcinoma. The implications of these findings for endoscopy and isotope pancreatic scanning will be mentioned.

Adult↗